Abstract
Phencyclidine (PCP), a dissociative anesthetic, is a commonly abused recreational drug. In the 1950s, initially tested as an intravenous anesthetic, PCP was discontinued for clinical use due to its severe adverse effects. Since then, it has gained popularity as a recreational drug due to its ability to induce hallucinations and alter perception. PCP can be detected in urine, serum, or plasma by immunoassays and quantified and its presence confirmed by gas or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In the method described here, a deuterated internal standard is added to the sample and the drug is extracted under alkaline conditions. Analysis is conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Selected ion monitoring is used for quantitation of PCP.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Baselt RC (2020) Phencyclidine. In: Disposition of toxic drugs and chemicals in man, 12th edn. Biomedical Publications, Seal Beach, pp 1644–1646
Fenton JJ (2002) Drugs of abuse. In: Toxicology: a case-oriented approach. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 359–401
Seeman P, Guan HC, Hirbec H (2009) Dopamine D2High receptors stimulated by phencyclidines, lysergic acid diethylamide, salvinorin A, and modafinil. Synapse 63(8):698–704
Bush DM (2013) Emergency department visits involving phencyclidine (PCP). In: The CBHSQ report. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, pp 1–8
Langman L, Bechtel L, Holstege C (2023) Clinical toxicology. In: Rifai N, Chiu R, Young I, Burnham C, Wittwer C (eds) Tietz textbook of laboratory medicine, 7th edn. Elsevier Saunders, St. Louis, pp 1910–1996
Kwong TC (2008) Introduction to drug of abuse testing. In: Dasgupta A (ed) Handbook of drug monitoring methods: therapeutics and drugs of abuse. Humana Press, Totowa, pp 297–315
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2017) Mandatory guidelines for federal workplace drug testing programs. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/01/23/2017-00979/mandatory-guidelines-for-federal-workplace-drug-testing-programs. 06/07/2023
Rengarajan A, Mullins ME (2013) How often do false-positive phencyclidine urine screens occur with use of common medications? Clin Toxicol (Phila) 51(6):493–496
Boeckx R (1987) False positive EMIT DAU PCP assay as a result of an overdose of dextromethorphan. Clin Chem 33:974–975
Levine B, Smith M (1990) Effects of diphenhydramine on immunoassay of phencyclidine in urine. Clin Chem 36:1258
Long C, Crifasi J, Maginn D (1996) Interference of thioridazine (Mellaril) in identification of phencyclidine. Clin Chem 42:1885–1886
Fernandez N, Falguera F, Cabanillas LM, Quiroga PN (2018) False-positive phencyclidine immunoassay results caused by metronidazole. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 56(12):1211–1212
Fredrickson CJ, Nguyen KR, Mullins ME (2023) Phencyclidine false positive due to lamotrigine. Am J Emerg Med 65:210–211
Scroggin TL, McMillin GA (2018) Quantitation of cocaine and metabolites, phencyclidine, butalbital and phenobarbital in meconium by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol 42(3):177–182
Kala SV, Harris SE, Freijo TD, Gerlich S (2008) Validation of analysis of amphetamines, opiates, phencyclidine, cocaine, and benzoylecgonine in oral fluids by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol 32(8):605–611
Coulter C, Crompton K, Moore C (2008) Detection of phencyclidine in human oral fluid using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 863(1):123–128
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Scott, D., Clinton Frazee, C., Garg, U. (2024). Quantification of Phencyclidine (PCP) in Urine, Serum, or Plasma by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). In: Garg, U. (eds) Clinical Applications of Mass Spectrometry in Drug Analysis. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2737. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3541-4_37
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3541-4_37
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-3540-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-3541-4
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols