Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that low-flux nitric oxide (NO) in tumors produced mainly by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/NOS2) can signal for angiogenesis, inhibition of apoptosis, and promotion of cell growth, migration, and invasion. Studies in the authors’ laboratory have revealed that iNOS-derived NO in various cancer cell types elicits resistance to cytotoxic photodynamic therapy (PDT) and moreover endows PDT-surviving cells with more aggressive proliferation and migration/invasion. In this chapter, we describe how cancer cell iNOS/NO in vitro can be monitored in different PDT model systems (e.g., a targeted cell-bystander cell model) and how pharmacologic interference with basal and PDT-upregulated iNOS/NO can significantly improve PDT outcomes.
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Acknowledgments
Studies in the authors’ laboratory were supported by NIH/NCI Grant CA70823, a grant from the Wisconsin Breast Cancer Showhouse for a Cure, and a grant from the Advancing a Healthier Wisconsin Endowment. Jerzy Bazak and Witold Korytowski at the Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland, are gratefully acknowledged for their groundbreaking contributions to the PDT bystander studies.
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Fahey, J.M., Girotti, A.W. (2022). The Negative Impact of Cancer Cell Nitric Oxide on Photodynamic Therapy. In: Broekgaarden, M., Zhang, H., Korbelik, M., Hamblin, M.R., Heger, M. (eds) Photodynamic Therapy. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2451. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_2
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