Abstract
MetaMorpheus is a free and open-source software program dedicated to the comprehensive analysis of proteomic data. In bottom-up proteomics, protein samples are digested into peptides prior to chromatographic separation and tandem mass spectrometric analysis. The resulting fragmentation spectra are subsequently analyzed with search software programs to obtain peptide identifications and infer the presence of proteins in the samples. MetaMorpheus seeks to maximize the information gleaned from proteomic data through the use of (a) mass calibration, (b) post-translational modification discovery, (c) multiple search algorithms, which aid in the analysis of data from traditional, crosslinking, and glycoproteomic experiments, (d) isotope-based or label-free quantification, (e) multi-protease protein inference, and (f) spectral annotation and data visualization capabilities. This protocol provides detailed descriptions of how use MetaMorpheus and how to customize data analysis workflows using MetaMorpheus tasks to meet the specific needs of the user.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Link AJ, Eng J, Schieltz DM, Carmack E, Mize GJ, Morris DR, Garvik BM, Yates JR (1999) Direct analysis of protein complexes using mass spectrometry. Nat Biotechnol 17(7):676–682. https://doi.org/10.1038/10890
Nesvizhskii AI (2010) A survey of computational methods and error rate estimation procedures for peptide and protein identification in shotgun proteomics. J Proteomics 73(11):2092–2123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2010.08.009
Skinner OS, Kelleher NL (2015) Illuminating the dark matter of shotgun proteomics. Nat Biotechnol 33(7):717–718. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3287
Chick JM, Kolippakkam D, Nusinow DP, Zhai B, Rad R, Huttlin EL, Gygi SP (2015) A mass-tolerant database search identifies a large proportion of unassigned spectra in shotgun proteomics as modified peptides. Nat Biotechnol 33(7):743–749. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3267
Griss J, Perez-Riverol Y, Lewis S, Tabb DL, Dianes JA, Del-Toro N, Rurik M, Walzer M, Kohlbacher O, Hermjakob H, et al (2016) Recognizing millions of consistently unidentified spectra across hundreds of shotgun proteomics datasets. Nate Methods 13(8):651–656. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.3902
Nesvizhskii AI, Roos FF, Grossmann J, Vogelzang M, Eddes JS, Gruissem W, Baginsky S, Aebersold R (2006) Dynamic spectrum quality assessment and iterative computational analysis of shotgun proteomic data: toward more efficient identification of post-translational modifications, sequence polymorphisms, and novel peptides. Mol Cell Proteom 5(4):652–670. https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M500319-MCP200
Solntsev SK, Shortreed MR, Frey BL, Smith LM (2018) Enhanced global post-translational modification discovery with metamorpheus. J Proteome Res 17(5):1844–1851. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00873
Lu L, Millikin RJ, Solntsev SK, Rolfs Z, Scalf M, Shortreed MR, Smith LM (2018) Identification of MS-cleavable and noncleavable chemically cross-linked peptides with metamorpheus. J Proteome Res 17(7):2370–2376. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00141
Lu L, Riley NM, Shortreed MR, Bertozzi CR, Smith LM (2020) O-pair search with metamorpheus for o-glycopeptide characterization. bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.18.102327
Millikin RJ, Solntsev SK, Shortreed MR, Smith LM (2018) Ultrafast peptide label-free quantification with FlashLFQ. J Proteome Res 17(1):386–391. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00608
Miller RM, Millikin RJ, Hoffmann CV, Solntsev SK, Sheynkman GM, Shortreed MR, Smith LM (2019) Improved protein inference from multiple protease bottom-up mass spectrometry data. J Proteome Res 18(9):3429–3438. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00330
Kong AT, Leprevost FV, Avtonomov DM, Mellacheruvu D, Nesvizhskii AI (2017) MSFragger: ultrafast and comprehensive peptide identification in mass spectrometry–based proteomics. Nat Methods 14(5):513–520. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4256
Cesnik AJ, Miller RM, Ibrahim K, Lu L, Millikin RJ, Shortreed MR, Frey BL, Smith LM (2020) Spritz: A proteogenomic database engine. bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.08.140681
Giansanti P, Tsiatsiani L, Low TY, Heck AJ (2016) Six alternative proteases for mass spectrometry–based proteomics beyond trypsin. Nat Protocols 11(5):993–1006. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2016.057
Varki A (1993) Biological roles of oligosaccharides: all of the theories are correct. Glycobiology 3(2):97–130. https://doi.org/10.1093/glycob/3.2.97
Gupta N, Pevzner PA (2009) False discovery rates of protein identifications: a strike against the two-peptide rule. J Proteome Res 8(9):4173–4181. https://doi.org/10.1021/pr9004794
Dai Y, Buxton KE, Schaffer LV, Miller RM, Millikin RJ, Scalf M, Frey BL, Shortreed MR, Smith LM (2019) Constructing human proteoform families using intact-mass and top-down proteomics with a multi-protease global post-translational modification discovery database. J Proteome Res 18(10):3671–3680. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00339
Howbert JJ, Noble WS (2014) Computing exact p-values for a cross-correlation shotgun proteomics score function. Mol Cell Proteom 13(9):2467–2479. https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.O113.036327
Rolfs Z, Millikin RJ, Smith LM (2020) An algorithm to improve the speed of semi- and non-specific enzyme searches in proteomics. Curr Bioinf 15:1–9. https://doi.org/10.2174/1574893615999200429123334
Acknowledgements
The development and maintenance of MetaMorpheus is supported by NIH-NIGMS grant R35GM126914. Rachel M. Miller was supported in part by the NIH Chemistry-Biology Interface Training Grant (T32GM008505). Robert J. Millikin was supported by the NIH Genomic Sciences Training Program (5T32HG002760). Zach Rolfs was supported by NIH-NCI grant U24CA199347.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Miller, R.M., Millikin, R.J., Rolfs, Z., Shortreed, M.R., Smith, L.M. (2023). Enhanced Proteomic Data Analysis with MetaMorpheus. In: Burger, T. (eds) Statistical Analysis of Proteomic Data. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2426. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1967-4_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1967-4_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-1966-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-1967-4
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols