Abstract
Immune and bone cells cross talk has been established by different years; however the underlying mechanisms require continuous investigation. To this end both in vivo and in vitro models have been realized and some of this are described in this chapter. In particular, here we described the animal models used for the understanding of lymphocyte role in bone homeostasis, together with some in vitro models.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Tsukasaki M, Takayanagi H (2019) Osteoimmunology: evolving concepts in bone-immune interactions in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 19:626–642
Brunetti G, Di Benedetto A, Mori G (2014) Bone remodeling. In: Albanese CV, Faletti C (eds) Imaging of prosthetic joints. Springer, Milano
Komatsu N, Takayanagi H (2018) Immune-bone interplay in the structural damage in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 194:1–8
Faienza MF, Ventura A, Marzano F, Cavallo L (2013) Postmenopausal osteoporosis: the role of immune system cells. Clin Dev Immunol 575936:2013
Ventura A, Brunetti G, Colucci S et al (2013) Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in children with 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Biomed Res Int 2013:250462
Brunetti G, Papadia F, Tummolo A et al (2016) Impaired bone remodeling in children with osteogenesis imperfecta treated and untreated with bisphosphonates: the role of DKK1, RANKL, and TNF-α. Osteoporos Int 27:2355–2365
Brunetti G, Belisario DC, Bortolotti S et al (2020) LIGHT/TNFSF14 promotes osteolytic bone metastases in non-small cell lung cancer patients. J Bone Min Res 35:671–680
Brunetti G, Rizzi R, Storlino G et al (2018) LIGHT/TNFSF14 as a new biomarker of bone disease in multiple myeloma patients experiencing therapeutic regimens. Front Immunol 9:2459
Schambach SJ, Bag S, Schilling L et al (2010) Application of micro-CT in small animal imaging. Methods 50:2–13
Badea CT, Drangova M, Holdsworth DW, Johnson GA (2008) In vivo small animal imaging using micro-CT and digital substraction angiography. Phys Med Biol 53:319–350
Feldkamp LA, Goldstein SA, Parfitt AM et al (1989) The direct examination of three-dimensional bone architecture in vitro by computed tomography. J Bone Miner Res 4:3–11
Rüegsegger P, Koller B, Müller R (1996) A microtomographic system for the nondestructive evaluation of bone architecture. Calcif Tissue Int 58:24–29
Wachsmuth L, Engelke K (2004) High-resolution imaging of osteoarthritis using microcomputed tomography. Methods Mol Med 101:231–248
Dempster DW, Compston JE, Drezner MK et al (2013) Standardized nomenclature, symbols, and units for bone histomorphometry: a 2012 update of the report of the ASBMR histomorphometry nomenclature committee. J Bone Miner Res 28:2–17
Bouxsein ML, Ko FC Bone strength testing in rodents. In: Bilezikian J, Martin TJ, Clemens T, Rosen C (eds) (2019) Principles of bone biology, 4th edn. Academic Press, London
Greenblatt MB, Tsai JN, Wein MN (2017) Bone turnover markers in the diagnosis and monitoring of metabolic bone disease. Clin Chem 63:464–474
Fall PM, Kennedy D, Smith JA et al (2000) Comparison of serum and urine assays for biochemical markers of bone resorption in postmenopausal women with and without hormone replacement therapy and in men. Osteoporos Int 11:481–485
Kress BC, Mizrahi IA, Armour KW et al (1999) Use of bone alkaline phosphatase to monitor alendronate therapy in individual postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Clin Chem 45:1009–1017
Li Y, Toraldo G, Li A et al (2007) B cells and T cells are critical for the preservation of bone homeostasis and attainment of peak bone mass in vivo. Blood 109:3839–3848
Gao Y, Wu X, Terauchi M et al (2008) T cells potentiate PTH-induced cortical bone loss through CD40L signaling. Cell Metab 8:132–145
Li JY, Tawfeek H, Bedi B et al (2011) Ovariectomy disregulates osteoblast and osteoclast formation through the T-cell receptor CD40 ligand. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:768–773
Charles JF, Ermann J, Aliprantis AO (2015) The intestinal microbiome and skeletal fitness: connecting bugs and bones. Clin Immunol 159:163–169
Sjögren K, Engdahl C, Henning P et al (2012) The gut microbiota regulates bone mass in mice. J Bone Miner Res 27:1357–1367
El Khassawna T, Serra A, Bucher CH et al (2017) T lymphocytes influence the mineralization process of bone. Front Immunol 8:562
Mombaerts P, Clarke AR, Rudnicki MA et al (1992) Mutations in T-cell antigen receptor genes alpha and beta block thymocyte development at different stages. Nature 360:225–231
Zaiss MM, Axmann R, Zwerina J et al (2007) Treg cells suppress osteoclast formation: a new link between the immune system and bone. Arthritis Rheum 56:4104–4112
Buchwald ZS, Kiesel JR, DiPaolo R et al (2012) Osteoclast activated FoxP3+ CD8+ T-cells suppress bone resorption in vitro. PLoS One 7:e38199
Giuliani N, Colla S, Sala R et al (2002) Human myeloma cells stimulate the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) in T lymphocytes: a potential role in multiple myeloma bone disease. Blood 100:4615–4621
Brunetti G, Rizzi R, Oranger A et al (2014) LIGHT/TNFSF14 increases osteoclastogenesis and decreases osteoblastogenesis in multiple myeloma-bone disease. Oncotarget 5:12950–12967
Brunetti G, Oranger A, Colucci S, Grano M Experimental model for studying the involvement of regulatory cytotoxic T cells in bone resorption. In: Ranieri E (ed) (2014) Cytotoxic T-Cells, Methods in molecular biology (methods and protocols), vol 1186. Humana Press, New York, NY
Mori G, Brunetti G, Colucci S, Ciccolella F, Coricciati M, Pignataro P, Oranger A, Ballini A, Farronato D, Mastrangelo F, Tetè S, Grassi, FR, Grano M (2007) Alteration of activity and survival of osteoblasts obtained from human periodontitis patients: role of TRAIL. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 21:105–114
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Brunetti, G., Grano, M. (2021). In Vivo and In Vitro Models for the Study of Bone Remodeling and the Role of Immune Cells. In: Gigante, M., Ranieri, E. (eds) Cytotoxic T-Cells. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2325. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1507-2_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1507-2_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-1506-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-1507-2
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols