Abstract
Tumors contain a complement rich microenvironment in which all cell types (e.g., tumor cells and stromal cells) are able to produce different proteins. We developed immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays allowing to identify on paraffin embedded tumor sections, not only the complement producing cells but also the complement activation fragments which result from activation of complement cascade within the tumor. The local production of complement can be detected by cytoplasmic staining, whereas the activation fragments are localized at the surface of the cells. There is a high heterogeneity of the staining within tumors but also between patients. Semi-quantification of the staining in large cohorts of patients allows to investigate the prognostic impact of the local complement production and activation. Here we explain the staining process for C1q, C4, and C3 in human paraffin-embedded tumor sections by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry.
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References
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by a grant from Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC); Cancer Research for Personalized Medicine (CARPEM) (to LTR) and La Ligue contre le cancer (RS19/75-111 to LTR). This work was also supported by INSERM, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne University, CARPEM, and the Labex Immuno-Oncology Excellence Program. MVD received a PhD fellowship from ARC.
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Daugan, M.V., Revel, M., Lacroix, L., Sautès-Fridman, C., Fridman, W.H., Roumenina, L.T. (2021). Complement Detection in Human Tumors by Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence. In: Roumenina, L.T. (eds) The Complement System. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2227. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1016-9_18
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1016-9_18
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