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Regulation of Somatic Embryo Development in Norway Spruce

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Plant Embryogenesis

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 2122))

Abstract

Somatic embryogenesis in Norway spruce combined with reverse genetics can be used as a model to study the regulation of embryo development in conifers. The somatic embryo system includes a sequence of developmental stages, which are similar in morphology to their zygotic counterparts. The system can be sufficiently synchronized to enable the collection and study of a large number of somatic embryos at each developmental stage.

Here we describe a protocol for establishing transgenic cell lines in which genes of interest are upregulated or downregulated. Furthermore, we present methods for comparing embryo morphology and development in transgenic and control cell lines, including phenotyping the embryos, histological analysis, and tracking embryo development. The expression pattern of different genes is determined by GUS reporter assays.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Biology and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden

    Sara von Arnold, Emma Larsson & David Clapham

  2. State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China

    Tianqing Zhu

  3. Physiological Botany, Department of Organismal Biology and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

    Daniel Uddenberg

Authors
  1. Sara von Arnold
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  2. Tianqing Zhu
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  3. Emma Larsson
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  4. Daniel Uddenberg
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  5. David Clapham
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sara von Arnold .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany

    Martin Bayer

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von Arnold, S., Zhu, T., Larsson, E., Uddenberg, D., Clapham, D. (2020). Regulation of Somatic Embryo Development in Norway Spruce. In: Bayer, M. (eds) Plant Embryogenesis. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2122. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0342-0_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0342-0_17

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  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-0341-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-0342-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

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