Skip to main content

The Significance of Serotype Replacement for Pneumococcal Disease and Antibiotic Resistance

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Hot Topics in Infection and Immunity in Children V

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 634))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alanee, S. R., L. McGee, D. Jackson, C. C. Chiou, C. Feldman, A. J. Morris, A. Ortqvist, J. Rello, C. M. Luna, L. M. Baddour, M. Ip, V. L. Yu, and K. P. Klugman. (2007). Association of serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae with disease severity and outcome in adults: an international study. Clin Infect Dis 45:46–51.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beall, B. (2007). Vaccination with the pneumococcal 7-valent conjugate: a successful experiment but the species is adapting. Expert Rev Vaccines 6:297–300.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beall, B., M. C. McEllistrem, R. E. Gertz, Jr., S. Wedel, D. J. Boxrud, A. L. Gonzalez, M. J. Medina, R. Pai, T. A. Thompson, L. H. Harrison, L. McGee, and C. G. Whitney. (2006). Pre- and postvaccination clonal compositions of invasive pneumococcal serotypes for isolates collected in the United States in 1999, 2001, and 2002. J Clin Microbiol 44:999–1017.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Black, S., H. Shinefield, B. Fireman, E. Lewis, P. Ray, J. R. Hansen, L. Elvin, K. M. Ensor, J. Hackell, G. Siber, F. Malinoski, D. Madore, I. Chang, R. Kohberger, W. Watson, R. Austrian, and K. Edwards. (2000). Efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children. Northern California Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center Group. Pediatr Infect Dis J 19:187–95.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bogaert, D., A. van Belkum, M. Sluijter, A. Luijendijk, R. de Groot, H. C. Rumke, H. A. Verbrugh, and P. W. M. Hermans. (2004). Colonisation by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in healthy children. Lancet 363:1871–2.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, R., C. Levy, F. de La Rocque, N. Gelbert, A. Wollner, B. Fritzell, E. Bonnet, R. Tetelboum, and E. Varon. (2006). Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and of reduction of antibiotic use on nasopharyngeal carriage of nonsusceptible pneumococci in children with acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J 25:1001–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cutts, F. T., S. M. Zaman, G. Enwere, S. Jaffar, O. S. Levine, J. B. Okoko, C. Oluwalana, A. Vaughan, S. K. Obaro, A. Leach, K. P. McAdam, E. Biney, M. Saaka, U. Onwuchekwa, F. Yallop, N. F. Pierce, B. M. Greenwood, and R. A. Adegbola. (2005). Efficacy of nine-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease in The Gambia: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 365:1139–46.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eskola, J., T. Kilpi, A. Palmu, J. Jokinen, J. Haapakoski, E. Herva, A. Takala, H. Kayhty, P. Karma, R. Kohberger, G. Siber, and P. H. Makela. (2001). Efficacy of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against acute otitis media. N Engl J Med 344:403–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farrell, D., K. Klugman, and M. Pichichero. (2007). Increased antimicrobial resistance among nonvaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the pediatric population after the introduction of 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine in the United States. Pediatr Infect Dis J 26:123–128.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flannery, B., R. T. Heffernan, L. H. Harrison, S. M. Ray, A. L. Reingold, J. Hadler, W. Schaffner, R. Lynfield, A. R. Thomas, J. Li, M. Campsmith, C. G. Whitney, and A. Schuchat. (2006). Changes in invasive pneumococcal disease among HIV-infected adults living in the era of childhood pneumococcal immunization. Ann Intern Med 144:1–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giele, C., H. Moore, K. Bayley, C. Harrison, D. Murphy, K. Rooney, A. D. Keil, and D. Lehmann. (2007). Has the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine had an impact on invasive pneumococcal disease in Western Australia? Vaccine 25:2379–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grijalva, C. G., J. P. Nuorti, P. G. Arbogast, S. W. Martin, K. M. Edwards, and M. R. Griffin. (2007). Decline in pneumonia admissions after routine childhood immunisation with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the USA: a time series analysis. Lancet 369:1179–86.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kilpi, T., H. Ahman, J. Jokinen, K. S. Lankinen, A. Palmu, H. Savolainen, M. Gronholm, M. Leinonen, T. Hovi, J. Eskola, H. Kayhty, N. Bohidar, J. C. Sadoff, and P. H. Makela. (2003). Protective efficacy of a second pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against pneumococcal acute otitis media in infants and children: randomized, controlled trial of a 7-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide-meningococcal outer membrane protein complex conjugate vaccine in 1666 children. Clin Infect Dis 37:1155–64.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klugman, K. P. (2001). Efficacy of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and their effect on carriage and antimicrobial resistance. Lancet Infect Dis 1:85–91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klugman, K. P., S. A. Madhi, R. E. Huebner, R. Kohberger, N. Mbelle, and N. Pierce for The Vaccine Trialists Group. (2003). A trial of a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children with and those without HIV infection. N Engl J Med 349:1341–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kyaw, M. H., R. Lynfield, W. Schaffner, A. S. Craig, J. Hadler, A. Reingold, A. R. Thomas, L. H. Harrison, N. M. Bennett, M. M. Farley, R. R. Facklam, J. H. Jorgensen, J. Besser, E. R. Zell, A. Schuchat, and C. G. Whitney. (2006). Effect of introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. N Engl J Med 354:1455–63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Madhi, S. A., P. Adrian, L. Kuwanda, C. Cutland, W. C. Albrich, and K. P. Klugman. (2007). Long-term effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae and associated interactions with Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae colonization in HIV infected and HIV uninfected children. J Infect Dis 196:1662–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madhi, S. A., L. Kuwanda, C. Cutland, and K. P. Klugman. (2005). The impact of a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the public health burden of pneumonia in HIV-infected and -uninfected children. Clin Infect Dis 40:1511–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mbelle, N., R. E. Huebner, A. D. Wasas, A. Kimura, I. Chang, and K. P. Klugman. (1999). Immunogenicity and impact on nasopharyngeal carriage of a nonavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. J Infect Dis 180:1171–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McNally, L. M., P. M. Jeena, K. Gajee, A. W. Sturm, A. M. Tomkins, H. M. Coovadia, and D. Goldblatt. (2006). Lack of association between the nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in HIV-1-infected South African children. J Infect Dis 194:385–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Messina, A. F., K. Katz-Gaynor, T. Barton, N. Ahmad, F. Ghaffar, D. Rasko, and G. H. McCracken, Jr. (2007). Impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Dallas, TX, children from 1999 through 2005. Pediatr Infect Dis J 26:461–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O'Brien, K. L., L. H. Moulton, R. Reid, R. Weatherholtz, J. Oski, L. Brown, G. Kumar, A. Parkinson, D. Hu, J. Hackell, I. Chang, R. Kohberger, G. Siber, and M. Santosham. (2003). Efficacy and safety of seven-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine in American Indian children: group randomised trial. Lancet 362:355–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Obaro, S. K., R. A. Adegbola, W. A. Banya, and B. M. Greenwood. (1996). Carriage of pneumococci after pneumococcal vaccination. Lancet 348:271–2.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pai, R., M. R. Moore, T. Pilishvili, R. E. Gertz, C. G. Whitney, B. Beall, and A. B. C. S. Team. (2005). Postvaccine genetic structure of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A from children in the United States. J Infect Dis 192:1988 - 1995.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pelton, S. I., H. Huot, J. A. Finkelstein, C. J. Bishop, K. K. Hsu, J. Kellenberg, S. S. Huang, R. Goldstein, and W. P. Hanage. (2007). Emergence of 19A as virulent and multidrug resistant pneumococcus in Massachusetts following universal immunization of infants with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 26:468–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poehling, K. A., T. R. Talbot, M. R. Griffin, A. S. Craig, C. G. Whitney, E. Zell, C. A. Lexau, A. R. Thomas, L. H. Harrison, A. L. Reingold, J. L. Hadler, M. M. Farley, B. J. Anderson, and W. Schaffner. (2006). Invasive pneumococcal disease among infants before and after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. JAMA 295:1668–74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prymula, R., P. Peeters, V. Chrobok, P. Kriz, E. Novakova, E. Kaliskova, I. Kohl, P. Lommel, J. Poolman, J. P. Prieels, and L. Schuerman. (2006). Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides conjugated to protein D for prevention of acute otitis media caused by both Streptococcus pneumoniae and non-typable Haemophilus influenzae: a randomised double-blind efficacy study. Lancet 367:740–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Regev-Yochay, G., R. Dagan, M. Raz, Y. Carmeli, B. Shainberg, E. Derazne, G. Rahav, and E. Rubinstein. (2004). Association between carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in children. JAMA 292:716–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singleton, R. J., T. W. Hennessy, L. R. Bulkow, L. L. Hammitt, T. Zulz, D. A. Hurlburt, J. C. Butler, K. Rudolph, and A. Parkinson. (2007). Invasive pneumococcal disease caused by nonvaccine serotypes among alaska native children with high levels of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine coverage. JAMA 297:1784–92.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stephens, D. S., S. M. Zughaier, C. G. Whitney, W. S. Baughman, L. Barker, K. Gay, D. Jackson, W. A. Orenstein, K. Arnold, A. Schuchat, M. M. Farley, and Georgia Emerging Infections Program. (2005). Incidence of macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae after introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: population - based assessment. Lancet 365:855–863.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Veenhoven, R., D. Bogaert, C. Uiterwaal, C. Brouwer, H. Kiezebrink, J. Bruin, I. J. E, P. Hermans, R. de Groot, B. Zegers, W. Kuis, G. Rijkers, A. Schilder, and E. Sanders. (2003). Effect of conjugate pneumococcal vaccine followed by polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine on recurrent acute otitis media: a randomised study. Lancet 361:2189–95.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitney, C. G., M. M. Farley, J. Hadler, L. H. Harrison, N. M. Bennett, R. Lynfield, A. Reingold, P. R. Cieslak, T. Pilishvili, D. Jackson, R. R. Facklam, J. H. Jorgensen, and A. Schuchat. (2003). Decline in invasive pneumococcal disease after the introduction of protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccine. N Engl J Med 348:1737–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • WHO. (2005). World Health Report. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Keith P. Klugman .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Klugman, K.P. (2009). The Significance of Serotype Replacement for Pneumococcal Disease and Antibiotic Resistance. In: Finn, A., Curtis, N., Pollard, A. (eds) Hot Topics in Infection and Immunity in Children V. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 634. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79838-7_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics