Skip to main content

Gonococcal Infections in Newborns and in Adolescents

  • Conference paper

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 609))

Gonococcal (GC) genital tract infection was first recognized by Hippocrates in the fifth century BC and later given its name — “gonorrhea” meaning “flow of semen” — by Galen in second century AD (Woods 2005). Despite the passage of time, much research, the advent of sensitive and specific diagnostic tests and effective antimi-crobial therapy, gonorrhea remains one of the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STI), in both industrialized and developing countries. This chapter focuses on gonococcal infections in two groups — newborns who acquire infection from their mothers at the time of delivery, and adolescents: a group at the center of the ongoing worldwide STI epidemic.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • American Academy of Pediatrics (2006). Gonococcal infections. In Pickering LK, Baker CJ, and McMillan JA (eds.), Red Book: 2006 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases 27th ed. American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, IL, pp. 301–309.

    Google Scholar 

  • Apea-Kubi KA, Yamaguchi S, Sakyi B, Kisimoto T, Ofori-Adjei D, and Hagiwara T. (2004). Neisseria gonorrhoea, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Treponema pallidum infection in antenatal and gynecological patients at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana. Jpn J Infect Dis, 57:253–256.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Australian Government, Department of Health and Aging (2004). Australia’s notifiable diseases status, 2002. Annual report of National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System-sexually transmissible diseases. Communicable Diseases Australia 28:1–14 http://www.health.gov.au/internet/wcms/Publishing.nsf/Content/cda-pubs-cdi-2004-cdi2801-htm-cdi2801b12.htm

  • Bernstein KT, Zenilman J, Olthoff G, Marsiglia VC, and Erbelding EJ. (2006). Gonorrhea reinfection among sexually transmitted disease clinic attendees in Baltimore, Maryland. Sex Transm Dis, 33:80–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bignell CJ. (2001). European guideline for the management of gonorrhoea. Int J STD AIDS, 12(Suppl 3):27–29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bozicevic I, Fenton KA, Martin IM, Rudd EA, Ison CA, Nanchahal K, and Wellings K. (2006). Epidemiology correlates of asymptomatic gonorrhea. Sex Transm Dis 33:289–295.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brown AE, Sadler KE, Tompkins SE, McGarrigle CA, LaMontagne DS, Goldberg D, Tookey PA, Smyth B, Thomas D, Murphy G, Parry JV, Evans BG, Gill ON, Ncube F, and Fenton KA. (2004). Recent trends in HIV and other STIs in the United Kingdom: data to the end of 2002. Sex Transm Infect, 80:159–166.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown JD, L’Engle KL, Pardun CJ, Guo G, Kenneavy K, and Jackson C. (2006). Sexy media matter: exposure to sexual content in music, movies, television, and magazines predicts black and white adolescents’ sexual behavior. Pediatrics 117:1018–1027.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2002). Screening tests to detect Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoea infections-2002. MMWR, 51:RR-15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2005). Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2004. Division of STD Prevention. September 2005.www.cdc.gov/std/stats/04pdf/2004surveillanceall.pdf)

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2006a). Youth risk behaviour surveillance-United States, 2005. MMWR, 55:SS-5.www.cdc.gov/MMWR/PDF/SS/SS5505.pdf

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2006b). Trends in the prevalence of sexual behaviours. National Youth Risk Behaviour Survey: 1991–2005.www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/yrbs/pdf/trends/2005_YRBS_Sexual_Behaviors.pdf

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2006c). Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006. MMWR, 55(No. RR-11):1–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen X-S, Yin Y-P, Chen L-P, Thuy NTT, Zhang G-Y, Shi M-Q, Hu L-H, and Yu Y-H. (2006). Sexually transmitted infections among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in Fuzhou, China. Sex Transm Dis, 33:296–301.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Christian P, Khatry SK, LeClerq SC, Roess AA, Wu L, Yuenger JD, and Zenilman JM. (2005). Prevalence and risk factors of chlamydia and gonorrhea among rural Nepali women. Sex Transm Infect, 81:254–258.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DiClemente RJ and Crosby RA. (2006). Preventing sexually transmitted infections among adolescents: ‘the glass is half full’. Curr Opin Infect Dis, 19:39–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dillon JA, Ruben M, Li H, Borthagaray G, Marquez C, Fiorito S, Galarza P, Portilla JL, Leon L, Agudelo CI, Sanabria OM, Maldonado A, and Prabhakar P. (2006). Challenges in the control of gonorrhea in South America and the Caribbean: monitoring the development of resistance to antibiotics. Sex Transm Dis, 33:87–95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doherty IA, Padian NS, Marlow C, and Aral SO. (2005). Determinants and consequences of sexual networks as they affect the spread of sexually transmitted infections. J Infect Dis, 191(Suppl 1):S42–S54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ellison RT III, Curd JG, Kohler PF, Reller LB, and Judson FN. (1987). Underlying complement deficiency in patients with disseminated gonococcal infection. Sex Transm Dis, 14:201–204.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foster A and Klauss V. (1995). Ophthalmia neonatorum in developing countries. N Engl J Med, 332:600–6001.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ford K, Sohn W, and Lepkowski J. (2002). American adolescents: sexual mixing patterns, bridge partners, and concurrency. Sex Transm Dis, 29:13–19.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gaydos CA. (2005). Nucleic acid amplification tests for gonorrhea and chlamydia: practice and applications. Infect Dis Clin North Am, 19:367–386, ix.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gaydos CA. (2006). Rapid tests for sexually transmitted diseases. Curr Infect Dis Rep, 8:115–124.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ghanem KG, Giles JA, and Zenilman JM. (2005). Fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae: the inevitable epidemic. Infect Dis Clin North Am, 19:351–365.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Golden MR and Manhart LE. (2005). Innovative approaches to the prevention and control of bacterial sexually transmitted infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am, 19:513–540.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hooper RR, Reynolds GH, Jones OG, Zaidi A, Wiesner PJ, Latimer KP, Lester A, Campbell AF, Harrison WO, Karney WW, and Holmes KK. (1978). Cohort study of venereal disease.1: the risk of gonorrhea transmission from infected women to men. Am J Epidemiol, 108:136–144.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes KK, Johnson DW, and Trostle HJ. (1970). An estimate of the risk of men acquiring gonorrhea by sexual contact with infected females. Am J Epidemiol, 91:170–174.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isenberg SJ, Apt L, and Wood M. (1995). A controlled trial of povidone-iodine as prophylaxis against ophthalmia neonatorum. N Engl J Med, 332:562–566.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joesoef MR, Kahn RH, and Weinstock HS. (2006). Sexually transmitted infections in incarcerated adolescents. Curr Opin Infect Dis, 19(1):44–48.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Joyner JL, Douglas JM, Jr., Ragsdale S, Foster M, and Judson FN. (2000). Comparative prevalence of infection with Trichomonas vaginalis among men attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic. Sex Transm Dis, 27:236–240.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kahn JA, Rosenthal SL, Succop PA, Ho GYF, and Burk RD. (2002). Mediators of the association between age at first sexual intercourse and subsequent human papillomavirus infection. Pediatrics, 109(1):E5. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/109/1/e5

  • Khan A, Fortenberry JD, Juliar BE, Tu W, Orr DP, and Batteiger BE. (2005). The prevalence of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomonas in sexual partnerships: implications for partner notification and treatment. Sex Transm Dis, 32:260–264.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Laga M, Meheus A, and Piot P. (1989). Epidemiology and control of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum. Bull World Health Organ, 67:471–477.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lofy KH, Hofmann J, Mosure DJ, Fine DN, and Marrazzo JM. (2006). Chlamydial infections among female adolescents screened in juvenile detention centers in Washington State, 1998–2002. Sex Transm Dis, 33:63–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald NE, Wells GA, Fisher WA, Warren WK, King MA, Doherty JA, and Bowie WR. (1990). High-risk STD/HIV behavior among college students. JAMA, 263:3155–3159.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald NE, Fisher WA, Wells GA, Doherty JA, and Bowie WR. (1994). Canadian street youth: correlates of sexual risk-taking activity. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 13:690–697.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manhart LE and Holmes KK. (2005). Randomized controlled trials of individual-level, population-level, and multilevel interventions for preventing sexually transmitted infections: what has worked?. J Infect Dis, 191(Suppl 1):S7–S24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mann J, Kropp R, Wong T, Venne S, and Romanowski B. (2004). Gonorrhea treatment guidelines in Canada: 2004 update. CMAJ, 171:1345–1346.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • May RM and Anderson RM. (1987). Transmission dynamics of HIV infection. Nature, 326:137–142.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller WC, Ford CA, Morris M, Handcock MS, Schmitz JL, Hobbs MM, Cohen MS, Harris KM, and Udry JR. (2004). Prevalence of chlamydial and gonococcal infections among young adults in the United States. JAMA, 291:2229–2236.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Public Health Agency of Canada (2005). 2002 Canadian sexually transmitted infections surveillance report. CCDR, 31S2:1–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Public Health Agency of Canada. (2006a). Gonococcal infections. In Canadian Guidelines on Sexually Transmitted Infections 2006 edition. Public Health Agency of Canada. http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/std-mts/sti_2006/pdf_2006_e.html

  • Public Health Agency of Canada. (2006b). Primary care and sexually transmitted infections. In Canadian Guidelines on Sexually Transmitted Infections 2006 edition. Public Health Agency of Canada. http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/std-mts/sti_2006/pdf_2006_e.html

  • Public Health Agency of Canada. (2006c). Street youth in Canada. Findings from enhanced surveillance of Canadian street youth, 1999–2003. http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/std-mts/reports_06/youth_e.html

  • Public Health Agency of Canada STD (2002). Self-directed learning module. Slide gallery: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/slm-maa/slides/other/index.html, gram stain: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/slm-maa/slides/other/pages/u206,.html urethritis: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/slm-maa/slides/other/pages/u203.html mucopurulent cervicitis: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/slm-maa/slides/other/pages/stdx003.html skin lesions in disseminated gonococcal infection http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/slm-maa/slides/other/pages/r909.html polyarticular arthritis in Disseminated Gonococcal Infection http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/slm-maa/slides/other/pages/8r931.html

  • Rice PA. (2005). Gonococcal arthritis (disseminated gonococcal infection). Infect Dis Clin North Am, 19:853–861.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Risser WL, Bortot AT, Benjamins LJ, Feldmann JM, Barratt MS, Eissa MA, and Risser JM. (2005). The epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections in adolescents. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis, 16:160–167.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson AA, Thomas CB, St Lawrence JS, and Pack R. (2005). Predictors of infection with chlamydia or gonorrhea in incarcerated adolescents. Sex Transm Dis, 32:115–122.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosey AL, Abachin E, Quesnes G, Cadilhac C, Pejin Z, Glorion C, Berche P, and Ferroni A. (2006). Development of a broad-range 16S rDNA real-time PCR for the diagnosis of septic arthritis in children. J Microbiol Methods, 68(1):88–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santelli J, Ott MA, Lyon M, Rogers J, and Summers D. (2006). Abstinence-only education policies and program: a position paper of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. J Adolesc Health, 38:83–87.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schaller UC and Klauss V. (2001). Is Crede’s prophylaxis for ophthalmia neonatorum still valid?. Bull World Health Organ, 79:262–263.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shafii T and Burstein GR. (2004). An overview of sexually transmitted infections in adolescents. Adolesc medicine clinics. 15(2):201–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steiner MJ and Cates W, Jr. (2006). Condoms and sexually-transmitted infections. N Engl J Med, 354:2642–2643.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taelman HTM, Tyndall MW, Gichangi P, Omollo DO, Omar S, Ombete J, Mohamedali FY, Ndinya-Achola J, and Temmerman M. (1996). Acute urethritis among men in Nairobi, Kenya: etiologic diagnosis, syndromic treatment & association with HIV-1. Int Conf Aids, 7–12; 11:219 (abstract no Th.B.112).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel U and Frosch M. (1999). Mechanisms of neisserial serum resistance. Mol Microbiol, 32:1133–1139.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ward H and Robinson AJ. (2006). Still waiting: poor access to sexual health services in the UK. Sex Transm Infect, 82:3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warner L, Stone KM, Macaluso M, Buehler JW, and Austin HD. (2006). Condom use and risk of gonorrhea and Chlamydia: a systematic review of design and measurement factors assessed in epidemiologic studies. Sex Transm Dis, 33:36–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Whitcher JP, Srinvasan M, and Upadhyay MP. (2001). Corneal blindness: a global perspective. Bull World Health Organ, 79:214–221.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woods CR. (2005). Gonococcal infections in neonates and young children. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis, 16:258–270.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (2001). Maternal Morbidity and Mortality. Training course on using data for decision making in maternal and perinatal health.www.emro.who.int/rhrn/Presentations/Decision/Maternal%20Morbidity%20and%20Mortality%20%20Training%20Course%20on%20Using%20Data%20for%20Decision%20Making%20in%20Maternal%20and%20Perinatal%20Health.pdf

  • Wylie JL and Jolly A. (2001). Patterns of chlamydia and gonorrhea infection in sexual networks in Manitoba, Canada. Sex Transm Dis, 28:14–24.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer

About this paper

Cite this paper

MacDonald, N., Mailman, T., Desai, S. (2008). Gonococcal Infections in Newborns and in Adolescents. In: Finn, A., Pollard, A.J. (eds) Hot Topics in Infection and Immunity in Children IV. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 609. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73960-1_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics