Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-encapsulated vesicles carrying various signal molecules, including metabolites, proteins, enzymes, genetic material, nucleic acids, mRNAs, noncoding RNAs, intact RNAs, lipids, organelles, ions, pathogenic microorganisms, and disease-specific molecules. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) describes EVs as lipid-enveloped vesicles released from cells that do not contain a nucleus and cannot replicate themselves. EVs are categorized based on size and biogenesis as apoptotic bodies, exosomes, macrovesicles, and others. EVs are released from prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, such as epithelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, neurons, and endothelial cells, to regulate intracellular regulation and communication through blood circulation. Therefore, EVs are potential and promising biomarkers, drug delivery tools, and therapeutic approaches. These vesicles transfer knowledge of the parent cell’s biochemical and physiological status to the neighbor cells. The information of the neighbor cell from the current healthy or pathological conditions can be used not only for intercellular conditions but also as a biomarker for many biological or pathological processes. Crosstalk between the cells may have many crucial functions in health, aging-related disease, and cancer cell signaling. Delayed diagnosis and treatment lead to poor prognosis and increased risk for mortality in cancer patients; thus, novel cancer biomarkers are urgently required for early prognosis, disease progression monitoring, and personalized therapies. Since cell-cell interactions between tumor cells and cancer cell communication with stromal and immune cells occur via EVs, they are considered promising biomarkers for the early detection of cancer since they are secreted from cells circulating in the blood and are easy to collect. EVs have superior properties to overcome chemotherapy-related limitations because they have extended circulation time, excellent tumor-targeting capabilities, lower immunogenicity, higher biocompatibility, and reduced systemic toxicity in the peripheral tissues. In this chapter, we discussed the biogenesis, role, functions, and challenges of various types of EVs in aging-related diseases and cancer treatment.
References
Abels ER, Breakefield XO (2016) Introduction to extracellular vesicles: biogenesis, RNA cargo selection, content, release, and uptake. Cell Mol Neurobiol 36(3):301–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-016-0366-z. Epub 2016 Apr 6. PMID: 27053351; PMCID: PMC5546313
Abreu H, Canciani E, Raineri D, Cappellano G, Rimondini L, Chiocchetti A (2021) Extracellular vesicles in musculoskeletal regeneration: modulating the therapy of the future. Cells 11(1):43. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11010043
Anand U, Dey A, Chandel AKS, Sanyal R, Mishra A, Pandey DK, De Falco V, Upadhyay A, Kandimalla R, Chaudhary A, Dhanjal JK, Dewanjee S, Vallamkondu J, Pérez de la Lastra JM (2023) Cancer chemotherapy and beyond: current status, drug candidates, associated risks and progress in targeted therapeutics. Genes Dis 10(4):1367–1401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2022.02.007
Aunan JR, Watson MM, Hagland HR, Søreide K (2016) Molecular and biological hallmarks of ageing. Br J Surg 103(2):e29–e46. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.10053
Aunan JR, Cho WC, Søreide K (2017) The biology of aging and cancer: a brief overview of shared and divergent molecular hallmarks. Aging Dis 8(5):628. https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2017.0103
Aydemir D, Ulusu NN (2020a) Comment on the: molecular mechanism of CAT and SOD activity change under MPA-CdTe quantum dots induced oxidative stress in the mouse primary hepatocytes (Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2019 Sep 5; 220:117104). Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 229:117792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2019.117792
Aydemir D, Ulusu NN (2020b) Importance of the serum biochemical parameters as potential biomarkers for rapid diagnosis and evaluating preclinical stage of ALS. Med Hypotheses 141:109736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109736
Aydemir D, Ulusu NN (2021) People with blood disorders can be more vulnerable during COVID-19 pandemic: a hypothesis paper. Transfus Apher Sci 60(3):103080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transci.2021.103080
Aydemir D, Karabulut G, Şimşek G, Gok M, Barlas N, Ulusu NN (2018) Impact of the Di(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate administration on trace element and mineral levels in relation of kidney and liver damage in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 186(2):474–488. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-018-1331-0
Aydemir D, Hashemkhani M, Acar HY, Ulusu NN (2019) In vitro interaction of glutathione S-transferase-pi enzyme with glutathione-coated silver sulfide quantum dots: A novel method for biodetection of glutathione S-transferase enzyme. Chem Biol Drug Des 94(6):2094–2102. https://doi.org/10.1111/cbdd.13614
Aydemir D, Salman N, Karimzadehkhouei M, Alaca BE, Turan B, Ulusu NN (2021) Evaluation of the effects of aging on the aorta stiffness in relation with mineral and trace element levels: an optimized method via custom-built stretcher device. Biol Trace Elem Res 199(7):2644–2652. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02380-9
Bai S, Wang Z, Wang M, Li J, Wei Y, Xu R, Du J (2022) Tumor-derived exosomes modulate primary site tumor metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.752818
Barreiro K, Dwivedi OP, Valkonen S, Groop P, Tuomi T, Holthofer H, Rannikko A, Yliperttula M, Siljander P, Laitinen S, Serkkola E, Af Hällström T, Forsblom C, Groop L, Puhka M (2021) Urinary extracellular vesicles: assessment of pre-analytical variables and development of a quality control with focus on transcriptomic biomarker research. J Extracell Vesicles 10(12). https://doi.org/10.1002/jev2.12158
Basso M, Pozzi S, Tortarolo M, Fiordaliso F, Bisighini C, Pasetto L, Spaltro G, Lidonnici D, Gensano F, Battaglia E, Bendotti C, Bonetto V (2013) Mutant copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) induces protein secretion pathway alterations and exosome release in astrocytes. J Biol Chem 288(22):15699–15711. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.425066
Bebelman MP, Smit MJ, Pegtel DM, Baglio SR (2018) Biogenesis and function of extracellular vesicles in cancer. Pharmacol Ther 188:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.02.013
Becker T, Haferkamp S (2013) Molecular mechanisms of cellular senescence. In: Senescence and senescence-related disorders. InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/54120
Berger F (2004) The new life of a centenarian: signalling functions of NAD(P). Trends Biochem Sci 29(3):111–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2004.01.007
Bernardi S, Balbi C (2020) Extracellular vesicles: from biomarkers to therapeutic tools. Biology (Basel) 9(9):258. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9090258. PMID: 32878063; PMCID: PMC7564466
Bonafede R, Mariotti R (2017) ALS pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches: the role of mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular vesicles. Front Cell Neurosci 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2017.00080
Borges CR, Poyares D, Piovezan R et al (2019) Alzheimer’s disease and sleep disturbances: a review. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 77:815–824. https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20190149
Boutilier AJ, Elsawa SF (2021) Macrophage polarization states in the tumor microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 22(13):6995. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136995
Broussalis E, Griessenauer C, Mutzenbach S et al (2019) Reduction of cerebral DWI lesion burden after carotid artery stenting using the CASPER stent system. J Neurointerv Surg 11:62–67
Bulbul MC, Dagel T, Afsar B, Ulusu NN, Kuwabara M, Covic A, Kanbay M (2018) Disorders of lipid metabolism in chronic kidney disease. Blood Purif 46(2):144–152. https://doi.org/10.1159/000488816
Can B, Ulusu NN, Kilinç K, Leyla Acan N, Saran Y, Turan B (2005) Selenium treatment protects diabetes-induced biochemical and ultrastructural alterations in liver tissue. Biol Trace Elem Res 105(1–3):135–150. https://doi.org/10.1385/BTER:105:1-3:135
Cappellesso R, Tinazzi A, Giurici T, Simonato F, Guzzardo V, Ventura L, Crescenzi M, Chiarelli S, Fassina A (2014) Programmed cell death 4 and microRNA 21 inverse expression is maintained in cells and exosomes from ovarian serous carcinoma effusions. Cancer Cytopathol 122(9):685–693. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.21442
Cerri S, Mus L, Blandini F (2019) Parkinson’s disease in women and men: what’s the difference? J Parkinsons Dis 9(3):501–515. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-191683
Challagundla KB, Wise PM, Neviani P, Chava H, Murtadha M, Xu T, Kennedy R, Ivan C, Zhang X, Vannini I, Fanini F, Amadori D, Calin GA, Hadjidaniel M, Shimada H, Jong A, Seeger RC, Asgharzadeh S, Goldkorn A, Fabbri M (2015) Exosome-mediated transfer of microRNAs within the tumor microenvironment and neuroblastoma resistance to chemotherapy. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst 107(7). https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djv135
Chang W-H, Cerione RA, Antonyak MA (2021) Extracellular vesicles and their roles in cancer progression, pp 143–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0759-6_10
Chatterjee V, Yang X, Ma Y, Wu MH, Yuan SY (2020) Extracellular vesicles: new players in regulating vascular barrier function. Am J Phys Heart Circ Phys 319(6):H1181–H1196. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00579.2020
Cheng Q, Shi X, Han M, Smbatyan G, Lenz H-J, Zhang Y (2018) Reprogramming exosomes as nanoscale controllers of cellular immunity. J Am Chem Soc 140(48):16413–16417. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b10047
Cheng S, Xu C, Jin Y, Li Y, Zhong C, Ma J, Yang J, Zhang N, Li Y, Wang C, Yang Z, Wang Y (2020) Artificial mini dendritic cells boost T cell–based immunotherapy for ovarian cancer. Adv Sci 7(7). https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201903301
Chun W (2007) The role of tau phosphorylation and cleavage in neuronal cell death. Front Biosci 12(1):733. https://doi.org/10.2741/2097
Claridge B, Lozano J, Poh QH, Greening DW (2021) Development of extracellular vesicle therapeutics: challenges, considerations, and opportunities. Front Cell Dev Biol 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.734720
Clarke R, Kraikivski P, Jones BC, Sevigny CM, Sengupta S, Wang Y (2020) A systems biology approach to discovering pathway signaling dysregulation in metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 39(3):903–918. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-020-09921-7
Cocucci E, Meldolesi J (2015) Ectosomes and exosomes: shedding the confusion between extracellular vesicles. Trends Cell Biol 25(6):364–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2015.01.004
Colombo M, Raposo G, Théry C (2014) Biogenesis, secretion, and intercellular interactions of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 30:255–289. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-101512-122326. Epub 2014 Aug 21. PMID: 25288114
Cuesta CM, Guerri C, Ureña J, Pascual M (2021) Role of microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles in gut-brain communication. Int J Mol Sci 22(8):4235. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084235
Davis C, Dukes A, Drewry M, Helwa I, Johnson MH, Isales CM, Hill WD, Liu Y, Shi X, Fulzele S, Hamrick MW (2017) MicroRNA-183-5p increases with age in bone-derived extracellular vesicles, suppresses bone marrow stromal (stem) cell proliferation, and induces stem cell senescence. Tissue Eng A 23(21–22):1231–1240. https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0525
de Freitas RCC, Hirata RDC, Hirata MH, Aikawa E (2021) Circulating extracellular vesicles as biomarkers and drug delivery vehicles in cardiovascular diseases. Biomol Ther 11(3):388. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11030388
Deng L, Wang C, He C, Chen L (2021) Bone mesenchymal stem cells derived extracellular vesicles promote TRAIL-related apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the delivery of microRNA-20a-3p. Cancer Biomark 30(2):223–235. https://doi.org/10.3233/CBM-201633
Di Bella MA (2022) Overview and update on extracellular vesicles: considerations on exosomes and their application in modern medicine. Biology 11(6):804. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11060804
Divo MJ, Martinez CH, Mannino DM (2014) Ageing and the epidemiology of multimorbidity. Eur Respir J 44(4):1055–1068. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00059814
Eppler HB, Jewell CM (2020) Biomaterials as tools to decode immunity. Adv Mater 32(13). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201903367
Erbayraktar Z, Evlice AT, Yilmaz G, Yazici C, Yener G, Ulusu NN (2017) Evaluation of renal function in Alzheimer’s disease and geriatric patients: results from a Turkish two-center study. J Med Biochem 36(1):54–61. https://doi.org/10.1515/jomb-2016-0028
Erbayraktar Z, Evlice A, Yener G, Ulusu NN (2018) Effects of donepezil on liver and kidney functions for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. J Integr Neurosci 16(3):335–346. https://doi.org/10.3233/JIN-170020
Evlice A, Ulusu NN (2017) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase a novel hope on a blood-based diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Acta Neurol Belg 117(1):229–234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-016-0666-6
Fafián-Labora JA, Rodríguez-Navarro JA, O’Loghlen A (2020) Small extracellular vesicles have GST activity and ameliorate senescence-related tissue damage. Cell Metab 32(1):71–86.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2020.06.004
Ferreira A, Afreen S (2017) Methods related to studying tau fragmentation, pp 245–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.mcb.2017.06.004
Flohé L (2020) Looking back at the early stages of redox biology. Antioxidants 9(12):1254. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121254
Fujita K, Kubota Y, Ishida H, Sasaki Y (2015) Irinotecan, a key chemotherapeutic drug for metastatic colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 21(43):12234–12248. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i43.12234. PMID: 26604633; PMCID: PMC4649109
Gagliardi D, Bresolin N, Comi G, Pietro, Corti S (2021) Extracellular vesicles and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: from misfolded protein vehicles to promising clinical biomarkers. Cell Mol Life Sci 78(2):561–572. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-020-03619-3
Garten A, Schuster S, Penke M, Gorski T, de Giorgis T, Kiess W (2015) Physiological and pathophysiological roles of NAMPT and NAD metabolism. Nat Rev Endocrinol 11(9):535–546. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2015.117
Gaurav I, Thakur A, Iyaswamy A, Wang X, Chen X, Yang Z (2021) Factors affecting extracellular vesicles based drug delivery systems. Molecules 26(6):1544. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061544
Gokturk H, Ulusu NN, Gok M, Tuncay E, Can B, Turan B (2014) Long-term treatment with a beta-blocker timolol attenuates renal-damage in diabetic rats via enhancing kidney antioxidant-defense system. Mol Cell Biochem 395(1–2):177–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-014-2123-2
Gołębiewska JE, Wardowska A, Pietrowska M, Wojakowska A, Dębska-Ślizień A (2021) Small extracellular vesicles in transplant rejection. Cells 10(11):2989. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10112989. PMID: 34831212; PMCID: PMC8616261
Gomes C, Keller S, Altevogt P, Costa J (2007) Evidence for secretion of Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase via exosomes from a cell model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurosci Lett 428(1):43–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2007.09.024
Grammatikakis I, Panda AC, Abdelmohsen K, Gorospe M (2014) Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and the molecular hallmarks of aging. Aging 6(12):992–1009. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.100710
Gu D, Liu F, Meng M, Zhang L, Gordon ML, Wang Y, Cai L, Zhang N (2020) Elevated matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels in neuronal extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer’s disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 7(9):1681–1691. https://doi.org/10.1002/acn3.51155
Gupta D, Zickler AM, El Andaloussi S (2021) Dosing extracellular vesicles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 178:113961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2021.113961
Guz G, Demirogullari B, Ulusu NN, Dogu C, Demirtola A, Kavutcu M, Omeroglu S, Stefek M, Karasu C (2007) Stobadine protects rat kidney against Ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 34(3):210–216. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04574.x
Handa T, Kuroha M, Nagai H, Shimoyama Y, Naito T, Moroi R, Kanazawa Y, Shiga H, Kakuta Y, Kinouchi Y, Masamune A (2021) Liquid biopsy for colorectal adenoma: is the exosomal miRNA derived from organoid a potential diagnostic biomarker? Clin Transl Gastroenterol 12(5):e00356. https://doi.org/10.14309/ctg.0000000000000356
Harishkumar M, Radha M, Yuichi N, Muthukalianan GK, Kaoru O, Shiomori K, Sakai K, Nozomi W (2021) Designer exosomes: smart nano-communication tools for translational medicine. Bioengineering 8(11):158. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8110158
Hassanpour M, Rezaie J, Nouri M, Panahi Y (2020) The role of extracellular vesicles in COVID-19 virus infection. Infect Genet Evol 85:104422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104422. Epub 2020 Jun 13. PMID: 32544615; PMCID: PMC7293471
He J, Ren W, Wang W, Han W, Jiang L, Zhang D, Guo M (2021) Exosomal targeting and its potential clinical application. Drug Deliv Transl Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-021-01087-1
Herrmann IK, Wood MJA, Fuhrmann G (2021) Extracellular vesicles as a next-generation drug delivery platform. Nat Nanotechnol 16(7):748–759. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-021-00931-2
Howard J, Trevick S, Younger DS (2016) Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis. Neurol Clin 34(4):919–939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ncl.2016.06.016
Hu T, Wolfram J, Srivastava S (2021) Extracellular vesicles in cancer detection: hopes and hypes. Trends Cancer 7(2):122–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trecan.2020.09.003
Huang T (2019) The role of NAD+ in anti-aging therapies. Am J Biomed Sci Res 6(5):446–453. https://doi.org/10.34297/AJBSR.2019.06.001080
Ismail N, Wang Y, Dakhlallah D, Moldovan L, Agarwal K, Batte K, Shah P, Wisler J, Eubank TD, Tridandapani S, Paulaitis ME, Piper MG, Marsh CB (2013) Macrophage microvesicles induce macrophage differentiation and miR-223 transfer. Blood 121(6):984–995. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-08-374793
Jiang L, Dong H, Cao H, Ji X, Luan S, Liu J (2019) Exosomes in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Med Sci Monit 25:3329–3335. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.914027
Jiang C, Fu Y, Liu G, Shu B, Davis J, Tofaris GK (2022) Multiplexed profiling of extracellular vesicles for biomarker development. Nano-Micro Letters 14(1):3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00753-w
Jung Y, Kraikivski P, Shafiekhani S, Terhune SS, Dash RK (2021) Crosstalk between Plk1, p53, cell cycle, and G2/M DNA damage checkpoint regulation in cancer: computational modeling and analysis. Npj Syst Biol Appl 7(1):46. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41540-021-00203-8
Kalluri R, LeBleu VS (2020) The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes. Science 367(6478):eaau6977. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau6977. PMID: 32029601; PMCID: PMC7717626
Karn V, Ahmed S, Tsai L-W, Dubey R, Ojha S, Singh H, Kumar M, Gupta P, Sadhu S, Jha N, Kumar A, Pandit S, Kumar S (2021) Extracellular vesicle-based therapy for COVID-19: promises, challenges and future prospects. Biomedicines 9(10):1373. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9101373
Katsyuba E, Auwerx J (2017) Modulating NAD+ metabolism, from bench to bedside. EMBO J 36(18):2670–2683. https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.201797135
Keller S, Ridinger J, Rupp A-K, Janssen JW, Altevogt P (2011) Body fluid derived exosomes as a novel template for clinical diagnostics. J Transl Med 9(1):86. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5876-9-86
Kenneweg F, Bang C, Xiao K, Boulanger CM, Loyer X, Mazlan S, Schroen B, Hermans-Beijnsberger S, Foinquinos A, Hirt MN, Eschenhagen T, Funcke S, Stojanovic S, Genschel C, Schimmel K, Just A, Pfanne A, Scherf K, Dehmel S et al (2019) Long noncoding RNA-enriched vesicles secreted by hypoxic cardiomyocytes drive cardiac fibrosis. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 18:363–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2019.09.003
Khan TK (2016a) Genetic biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease. In: Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease. Elsevier, pp 103–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804832-0.00004-3
Khan TK (2016b) Introduction to Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers. In: Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease. Elsevier, pp 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804832-0.00001-8
Kim KM, Abdelmohsen K, Mustapic M, Kapogiannis D, Gorospe M (2017) RNA in extracellular vesicles. Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA 8(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/wrna.1413. Epub 2017 Jan 28. PMID: 28130830; PMCID: PMC5474163
Kitdumrongthum S, Metheetrairut C, Charoensawan V, Ounjai P, Janpipatkul K, Panvongsa W, Weerachayaphorn J, Piyachaturawat P, Chairoungdua A (2018) Dysregulated microRNA expression profiles in cholangiocarcinoma cell-derived exosomes. Life Sci 210:65–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.058
Koju N, Qin Z, Sheng R (2022) Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in redox balance and diseases: a friend or foe? Acta Pharmacol Sin. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-021-00838-7
Kou M, Huang L, Yang J, Chiang Z, Chen S, Liu J, Guo L, Zhang X, Zhou X, Xu X, Yan X, Wang Y, Zhang J, Xu A, Tse H, Lian Q (2022) Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for immunomodulation and regeneration: a next generation therapeutic tool? Cell Death Dis 13(7):580. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-022-05034-x
Kovalenko TF, Larionova TD, Antipova NV, Shakhparonov MI, Pavlyukov MS (2021) The role of non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of glial tumors. Acta Nat 13(3):38–51. https://doi.org/10.32607/actanaturae.11270
Krzyszczyk P, Acevedo A, Davidoff EJ, Timmins LM, Marrero-Berrios I, Patel M, White C, Lowe C, Sherba JJ, Hartmanshenn C, O’Neill KM, Balter ML, Fritz ZR, Androulakis IP, Schloss RS, Yarmush ML (2018) The growing role of precision and personalized medicine for cancer treatment. Technology 6(03n04):79–100. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2339547818300020
Kumari R, Jat P (2021) Mechanisms of cellular senescence: cell cycle arrest and senescence associated secretory phenotype. Front Cell Dev Biol 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.645593
Kusindarta DL, Wihadmadyatami H (2018) The role of extracellular matrix in tissue regeneration. In: Tissue Regeneration. InTech
Kwok ZH, Wang C, Jin Y (2021) Extracellular vesicle transportation and uptake by recipient cells: a critical process to regulate human diseases. PRO 9(2):273. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9020273
Lananna BV, Imai S (2021) Friends and foes: extracellular vesicles in aging and rejuvenation. FASEB BioAdv 3(10):787–801. https://doi.org/10.1096/fba.2021-00077
Lazo S, Noren Hooten N, Green J, Eitan E, Mode NA, Liu Q, Zonderman AB, Ezike N, Mattson MP, Ghosh P, Evans MK (2021) Mitochondrial DNA in extracellular vesicles declines with age. Aging Cell 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13283
Lee VM-Y, Goedert M, Trojanowski JQ (2001) Neurodegenerative Tauopathies. Annu Rev Neurosci 24(1):1121–1159. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.1121
Lee JC, Zhao J-T, Gundara J, Serpell J, Bach LA, Sidhu S (2015) Papillary thyroid cancer–derived exosomes contain miRNA-146b and miRNA-222. J Surg Res 196(1):39–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2015.02.027
Lewin S, Hunt S, Lambert DW (2020) Extracellular vesicles and the extracellular matrix: a new paradigm or old news? Biochem Soc Trans 48(5):2335–2345. https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20200717
Li Y-J, Wu J-Y, Wang J-M, Hu X-B, Cai J-X, Xiang D-X (2020a) Gemcitabine loaded autologous exosomes for effective and safe chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer. Acta Biomater 101:519–530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2019.10.022
Li Z, Suo B, Long G, Gao Y, Song J, Zhang M, Feng B, Shang C, Wang D (2020b) Exosomal miRNA-16-5p derived from M1 macrophages enhances T cell-dependent immune response by regulating PD-L1 in gastric cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.572689
Li Y-J, Wu J-Y, Liu J, Xu W, Qiu X, Huang S, Hu X-B, Xiang D-X (2021) Artificial exosomes for translational nanomedicine. J Nanobiotechnol 19(1):242. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-021-00986-2
Liebana-Jordan M, Brotons B, Falcon-Perez JM, Gonzalez E (2021) Extracellular Vesicles in the Fungi Kingdom. Int J Mol Sci 22(13):7221. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137221
Liu W, Bai X, Zhang A, Huang J, Xu S, Zhang J (2019a) Role of exosomes in central nervous system diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2019.00240
Liu Y, Li Q, Hosen MR, Zietzer A, Flender A, Levermann P, Schmitz T, Frühwald D, Goody P, Nickenig G, Werner N, Jansen F (2019b) Atherosclerotic conditions promote the packaging of functional MicroRNA-92a-3p into endothelial microvesIcles. Circ Res 124(4):575–587. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.314010
Liu C, Bayado N, He D, Li J, Chen H, Li L, Li J, Long X, Du T, Tang J, Dang Y, Fan Z, Wang L, Yang PC (2021a) Therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles for myocardial repair. Front Cardiovasc Med 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.758050
Liu Y, Cheng Y, Wang S, Su Y, Liu Y, Li C, Jin L, Wan Q, Sang X, Wang Z (2021b) Therapeutic effects and perspective of stem cell extracellular vesicles in aging and cancer. J Cell Physiol 236(7):4783–4796. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.30212
Lo Cicero A, Stahl PD, Raposo G (2015) Extracellular vesicles shuffling intercellular messages: for good or for bad. Curr Opin Cell Biol 35:69–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2015.04.013
Lone SN, Nisar S, Masoodi T, Singh M, Rizwan A, Hashem S, El-Rifai W, Bedognetti D, Batra SK, Haris M, Bhat AA, Macha MA (2022) Liquid biopsy: a step closer to transform diagnosis, prognosis and future of cancer treatments. Mol Cancer 21(1):79. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-022-01543-7
López-Otín C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, Serrano M, Kroemer G (2013) The hallmarks of aging. Cell 153(6):1194–1217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.039
Lu L, Chen XM, Tao HM, Xiong W, Jie SH, Li HY (2015) Regulation of the expression of zinc finger protein genes by microRNAs enriched within acute lymphoblastic leukemia-derived microvesicles. Genet Mol Res 14(4):11884–11895. https://doi.org/10.4238/2015.October.5.2
Ludwig N, Whiteside TL, Reichert TE (2019) Challenges in exosome isolation and analysis in health and disease. Int J Mol Sci 20(19):4684. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194684
Martinez-Dominguez MV, Zottel A, Šamec N, Jovčevska I, Dincer C, Kahlert UD, Nickel A-C (2021) Current technologies for RNA-directed liquid diagnostics. Cancers 13(20):5060. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13205060
Mas-Bargues C, Alique M (2023) Extracellular vesicles as “very important particles” (VIPs) in aging. Int J Mol Sci 24(4):4250. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24044250
Matsumoto S, Sakata Y, Suna S, Nakatani D, Usami M, Hara M, Kitamura T, Hamasaki T, Nanto S, Kawahara Y, Komuro I (2013) Circulating p53-responsive MicroRNAs are predictive indicators of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction. Circ Res 113(3):322–326. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301209
McGinley M, Ontaneda D (2019) MS progression is predominantly driven by age-related mechanisms – NO. Mult Scler J 25(7):904–906. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458518819712
McHugh D, Gil J (2018) Senescence and aging: causes, consequences, and therapeutic avenues. J Cell Biol 217(1):65–77. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201708092
Melidoni A (2020) Small extracellular vesicles combat senescence. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 21(9):498–499. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-020-0271-7
Melnikov I, Kozlov S, Saburova O, Zubkova E, Guseva O, Domogatsky S, Arefieva T, Radyukhina N, Zvereva M, Avtaeva Y, Buryachkovskaya L, Gabbasov Z (2020) CRP is transported by monocytes and monocyte-derived exosomes in the blood of patients with coronary artery disease. Biomedicines 8(10):435. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8100435
Meng W, He C, Hao Y, Wang L, Li L, Zhu G (2020) Prospects and challenges of extracellular vesicle-based drug delivery system: considering cell source. Drug Deliv 27(1):585–598. https://doi.org/10.1080/10717544.2020.1748758
Merchant ML, Rood IM, Deegens JKJ, Klein JB (2017) Isolation and characterization of urinary extracellular vesicles: implications for biomarker discovery. Nat Rev Nephrol 13(12):731–749. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneph.2017.148
Morales J, Li L, Fattah FJ, Dong Y, Bey EA, Patel M, Gao J, Boothman DA (2014) Review of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) mechanisms of action and rationale for targeting in cancer and other diseases. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 24(1):15–28. https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.2013006875
Nawaz M, Shah N, Zanetti B, Maugeri M, Silvestre R, Fatima F, Neder L, Valadi H (2018) Extracellular vesicles and matrix remodeling enzymes: the emerging roles in extracellular matrix remodeling, progression of diseases and tissue repair. Cells 7(10):167. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells7100167
Neelapu SS, Tummala S, Kebriaei P, Wierda W, Gutierrez C, Locke FL, Komanduri KV, Lin Y, Jain N, Daver N, Westin J, Gulbis AM, Loghin ME, de Groot JF, Adkins S, Davis SE, Rezvani K, Hwu P, Shpall EJ (2018) Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy – assessment and management of toxicities. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 15(1):47–62. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrclinonc.2017.148
Neviani P, Wise PM, Murtadha M, Liu CW, Wu C-H, Jong AY, Seeger RC, Fabbri M (2019) Natural killer–derived Exosomal miR-186 Inhibits Neuroblastoma growth and immune escape mechanisms. Cancer Res 79(6):1151–1164. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-0779
Nguyen M-A, Karunakaran D, Geoffrion M, Cheng HS, Tandoc K, Perisic Matic L, Hedin U, Maegdefessel L, Fish JE, Rayner KJ (2018) Extracellular vesicles secreted by atherogenic macrophages transfer MicroRNA to inhibit cell migration. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 38(1):49–63. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.117.309795
O’Brien KP, Khan S, Gilligan KE, Zafar H, Lalor P, Glynn C, O’Flatharta C, Ingoldsby H, Dockery P, De Bhulbh A, Schweber JR, St John K, Leahy M, Murphy JM, Gallagher WM, O’Brien T, Kerin MJ, Dwyer RM (2018) Employing mesenchymal stem cells to support tumor-targeted delivery of extracellular vesicle (EV)-encapsulated microRNA-379. Oncogene 37(16):2137–2149. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-017-0116-9
O’Neill C, Gilligan K, Dwyer R (2019) Role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cell stress response and resistance to cancer therapy. Cancers 11(2):136. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11020136
Pascucci L, Coccè V, Bonomi A, Ami D, Ceccarelli P, Ciusani E, Viganò L, Locatelli A, Sisto F, Doglia SM, Parati E, Bernardo ME, Muraca M, Alessandri G, Bondiolotti G, Pessina A (2014) Paclitaxel is incorporated by mesenchymal stromal cells and released in exosomes that inhibit in vitro tumor growth: A new approach for drug delivery. J Control Release 192:262–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.07.042
Patel NJ, Ashraf A, Chung EJ (2023) Extracellular vesicles as regulators of the extracellular matrix. Bioengineering 10(2):136. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10020136
Pavlyukov MS, Yu H, Bastola S, Minata M, Shender VO, Lee Y, Zhang S, Wang J, Komarova S, Wang J, Yamaguchi S, Alsheikh HA, Shi J, Chen D, Mohyeldin A, Kim S-H, Shin YJ, Anufrieva K, Evtushenko EG et al (2018) Apoptotic cell-derived extracellular vesicles promote malignancy of glioblastoma via intercellular transfer of splicing factors. Cancer Cell 34(1): 119–135.e10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2018.05.012
Pegtel DM, Gould SJ (2019) Exosomes. Annu Rev Biochem 88(1):487–514. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biochem-013118-111902
Phaniendra A, Jestadi DB, Periyasamy L (2015) Free radicals: properties, sources, targets, and their implication in various diseases. Indian J Clin Biochem 30(1):11–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-014-0446-0
Podvin S, Jones A, Liu Q, Aulston B, Ransom L, Ames J, Shen G, Lietz CB, Jiang Z, O’Donoghue AJ, Winston C, Ikezu T, Rissman RA, Yuan S, Hook V (2020) Dysregulation of exosome cargo by mutant tau expressed in human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) neurons revealed by proteomics analyses. Mol Cell Proteomics 19(6):1017–1034. https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.RA120.002079
Prattichizzo F, Bonafè M, Olivieri F, Franceschi C (2016) Senescence associated macrophages and “macroph-aging”: are they pieces of the same puzzle? Aging 8(12):3159–3160. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101133
Pusic AD, Kraig RP (2014) Youth and environmental enrichment generate serum exosomes containing miR-219 that promote CNS myelination. Glia 62(2):284–299. https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.22606
Rankovic M, Zweckstetter M (2019) Upregulated levels and pathological aggregation of abnormally phosphorylated Tau-protein in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 98:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.014
Raposo G, Stoorvogel W (2013) Extracellular vesicles: Exosomes, microvesicles, and friends. J Cell Biol 200(4):373–383. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201211138
Robbins PD, Morelli AE (2014) Regulation of immune responses by extracellular vesicles. Nat Rev Immunol 14(3):195–208. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3622. PMID: 24566916; PMCID: PMC4350779
Rogers MA, Buffolo F, Schlotter F, Atkins SK, Lee LH, Halu A, Blaser MC, Tsolaki E, Higashi H, Luther K, Daaboul G, Bouten CVC, Body SC, Singh SA, Bertazzo S, Libby P, Aikawa M, Aikawa E (2020) Annexin A1–dependent tethering promotes extracellular vesicle aggregation revealed with single–extracellular vesicle analysis. Sci Adv 6(38). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb1244
Rossi M, Battafarano G, D’Agostini M, del Fattore A (2018) The role of extracellular vesicles in bone metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 19(4):1136. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19041136
Ryu JK, Rafalski VA, Meyer-Franke A, Adams RA, Poda SB, Rios Coronado PE, Pedersen LØ, Menon V, Baeten KM, Sikorski SL, Bedard C, Hanspers K, Bardehle S, Mendiola AS, Davalos D, Machado MR, Chan JP, Plastira I, Petersen MA, Pfaff SJ, Ang KK, Hallenbeck KK, Syme C, Hakozaki H, Ellisman MH, Swanson RA, Zamvil SS, Arkin MR, Zorn SH, Pico AR, Mucke L, Freedman SB, Stavenhagen JB, Nelson RB, Akassoglou K (2018) Fibrin-targeting immunotherapy protects against neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Nat Immunol 19(11):1212–1223. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-018-0232-x. Epub 2018 Oct 15. PMID: 30323343; PMCID: PMC6317891
Saari H, Lázaro-Ibáñez E, Viitala T, Vuorimaa-Laukkanen E, Siljander P, Yliperttula M (2015) Microvesicle- and exosome-mediated drug delivery enhances the cytotoxicity of Paclitaxel in autologous prostate cancer cells. J Control Release 220:727–737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.031
Saleem T, Sumrin A, Bilal M, Bashir H, Khawar MB (2022) Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles: Potential tool for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Saudi J Biol Sci 29(4):2063–2071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.012
Sanai SA, Saini V, Benedict RH, Zivadinov R, Teter BE, Ramanathan M, Weinstock-Guttman B (2016) Aging and multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler J 22(6):717–725. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458516634871
Sharifi-Rad M, Anil Kumar NV, Zucca P, Varoni EM, Dini L, Panzarini E, Rajkovic J, Tsouh Fokou PV, Azzini E, Peluso I, Prakash Mishra A, Nigam M, El Rayess Y, El Beyrouthy M, Polito L, Iriti M, Martins N, Martorell M, Docea AO et al (2020) Lifestyle, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: back and forth in the pathophysiology of chronic diseases. Front Physiol 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00694
Shimoda M (2019) Extracellular vesicle-associated MMPs: a modulator of the tissue microenvironment, pp 35–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acc.2018.10.006
Shimoda M, Khokha R (2017) Metalloproteinases in extracellular vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 1864(11):1989–2000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.05.027
Shupp A, Kolb A, Mukhopadhyay D, Bussard K (2018) Cancer metastases to bone: concepts, mechanisms, and interactions with bone osteoblasts. Cancers 10(6):182. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers10060182
Simon DK, Tanner CM, Brundin P (2020) Parkinson disease epidemiology, pathology, genetics, and pathophysiology. Clin Geriatr Med 36(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2019.08.002
Sinning J-M, Losch J, Walenta K, Bohm M, Nickenig G, Werner N (2011) Circulating CD31+/Annexin V+ microparticles correlate with cardiovascular outcomes. Eur Heart J 32(16):2034–2041. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehq478
Skotland T, Sagini K, Sandvig K, Llorente A (2020) An emerging focus on lipids in extracellular vesicles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 159:308–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2020.03.002
Squier TC (2001) Oxidative stress and protein aggregation during biological aging. Exp Gerontol 36(9):1539–1550. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0531-5565(01)00139-5
Stephenson J, Nutma E, van der Valk P, Amor S (2018) Inflammation in CNS neurodegenerative diseases. Immunology 154(2):204–219. https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.12922
Su L-J, Zhang J-H, Gomez H, Murugan R, Hong X, Xu D, Jiang F, Peng Z-Y (2019) Reactive oxygen species-induced lipid peroxidation in apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. Oxidative Med Cell Longev 2019:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5080843
Suhail Y, Cain MP, Vanaja K, Kurywchak PA, Levchenko A, Kalluri R, Kshitiz. (2019) Systems biology of cancer metastasis. Cell Syst 9(2):109–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cels.2019.07.003
Takahashi A, Okada R, Nagao K, Kawamata Y, Hanyu A, Yoshimoto S, Takasugi M, Watanabe S, Kanemaki MT, Obuse C, Hara E (2017) Exosomes maintain cellular homeostasis by excreting harmful DNA from cells. Nat Commun 8(1):15287. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15287
Takasugi M (2018) Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in cellular senescence and aging. Aging Cell 17(2):e12734. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12734
Tandogan B, Ulusu NN (2010) A comparative study with colchicine on glutathione reductase. Protein J 29(5):380–385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10930-010-9263-3
Tang Z, Li D, Hou S, Zhu X (2020) The cancer exosomes: clinical implications, applications and challenges. Int J Cancer 146(11):2946–2959. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.32762
Tartaglia MC, Rowe A, Findlater K, Orange JB, Grace G, Strong MJ (2007) Differentiation between primary lateral sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Arch Neurol 64(2):232. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.64.2.232
Théry C, Regnault A, Garin J, Wolfers J, Zitvogel L, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P, Raposo G, Amigorena S (1999) Molecular characterization of dendritic cell-derived exosomes. J Cell Biol 147(3):599–610. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.147.3.599
Thone MN, Kwon YJ (2020) Extracellular blebs: artificially-induced extracellular vesicles for facile production and clinical translation. Methods 177:135–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.11.007
Tran L, Ha-Duong T (2015) Exploring the Alzheimer amyloid-β peptide conformational ensemble: A review of molecular dynamics approaches. Peptides 69:86–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2015.04.009
Turan B, Acan NL, Ulusu NN, Tezcan EF (2001) A comparative study on effect of dietary selenium and vitamin e on some antioxidant enzyme activities of liver and brain tissues. Biol Trace Elem Res 81(2):141–152. https://doi.org/10.1385/BTER:81:2:141
Ulusu NN (2015a) Curious cases of the enzymes/Neobiča Istorija Enzima. J Med Biochem 34(3):271–281. https://doi.org/10.2478/jomb-2014-0045
Ulusu NN (2015b) Evolution of Enzyme Kinetic Mechanisms. J Mol Evol 80(5–6):251–257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-015-9681-0
Ulusu NN (2015c) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and Alzheimer’s disease: partners in crime? The hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 85(2):219–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2015.05.006
Ulusu NN, Tandogan B (2006) Purification and kinetics of sheep kidney cortex glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Comp Biochem Physiol B: Biochem Mol Biol 143(2):249–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.11.018
Ulusu NN, Acan NL, Turan B, Tezcan EF (2003) Inhibition of glutathione reductase by cadmium ion in some rabbit tissues and the protective role of dietary selenium. Biol Trace Elem Res 91(2):151–156. https://doi.org/10.1385/BTER:91:2:151
Ulusu NN, Tandogan B, Tezcan FE (2005) Kinetic properties of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from lamb kidney cortex. Biochimie 87(2):187–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2004.11.002
Ulusu NN, Yilmaz G, Erbayraktar Z, Evlice AT, Aras S, Yener G, Avci A (2015) A Turkish 3-center study evaluation of serum folic acid and vitamin B12 levels in Alzheimer disease. Turk J Med Sci 45:1159–1166. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-1406-136
Ulusu NN, Gök M, Sayin Şakul AA, Ari N, Stefek M, Karasu Ç (2017) Antioxidant SMe1EC2 modulates pentose phosphate pathway and glutathione-dependent enzyme activities in tissues of aged diabetic rats. Interdiscip Toxicol 10(4):148–154. https://doi.org/10.1515/intox-2017-0021
Vader P, Mol EA, Pasterkamp G, Schiffelers RM (2016) Extracellular vesicles for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 106:148–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2016.02.006
van Niel G, D’Angelo G, Raposo G (2018) Shedding light on the cell biology of extracellular vesicles. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 19(4):213–228. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm.2017.125
Vida A, Márton J, Mikó E, Bai P (2017) Metabolic roles of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 63:135–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.12.009
Vinceti M, Dennert G, Crespi CM, Zwahlen M, Brinkman M, Zeegers MP, Horneber M, D’Amico R, del Giovane C (2014) Selenium for preventing cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005195.pub3
Walker S, Busatto S, Pham A, Tian M, Suh A, Carson K, Quintero A, Lafrence M, Malik H, Santana MX, Wolfram J (2019) Extracellular vesicle-based drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. Theranostics 9(26):8001–8017. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.37097
Wallis R, Mizen H, Bishop CL (2020) The bright and dark side of extracellular vesicles in the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Mech Ageing Dev 189:111263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2020.111263
Wang Y, Zhou BP (2013) Epithelial-mesenchymal transition – a hallmark of breast cancer metastasis. Cancer Hallmarks 1(1):38–49. https://doi.org/10.1166/ch.2013.1004
Wang Z, Deng Z, Dahmane N, Tsai K, Wang P, Williams DR, Kossenkov AV, Showe LC, Zhang R, Huang Q, Conejo-Garcia JR, Lieberman PM (2015) Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) constitutes a nucleoprotein component of extracellular inflammatory exosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci 112(46):E6293–E6300. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1505962112
Wang Y, Jiang L, He J, Hu M, Zeng F, Li Y, Tian H, Luo X (2018) The adverse effects of se toxicity on inflammatory and immune responses in chicken spleens. Biol Trace Elem Res 185(1):170–176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-017-1224-7
Wang L, Yu X, Zhou J, Su C (2023) Extracellular vesicles for drug delivery in cancer treatment. Biol Proced Online 25(1):28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12575-023-00220-3
Weilner S, Keider V, Winter M, Harreither E, Salzer B, Weiss F, Schraml E, Messner P, Pietschmann P, Hildner F, Gabriel C, Redl H, Grillari-Voglauer R, Grillari J (2016) Vesicular Galectin-3 levels decrease with donor age and contribute to the reduced osteo-inductive potential of human plasma derived extracellular vesicles. Aging 8(1):16–30. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.100865
Whiteside SK, Grant FM, Gyori DS, Conti AG, Imianowski CJ, Kuo P, Nasrallah R, Sadiyah F, Lira SA, Tacke F, Eil RL, Burton OT, Dooley J, Liston A, Okkenhaug K, Yang J, Roychoudhuri R (2021) CCR8 marks highly suppressive Treg cells within tumours but is dispensable for their accumulation and suppressive function. Immunology 163(4):512–520
Wijesekera LC, Nigel Leigh P (2009) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 4:3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-1172-4-3. PMID: 19192301; PMCID: PMC2656493
Wiklander OPB, Brennan MÁ, Lötvall J, Breakefield XO, EL Andaloussi S (2019) Advances in therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles. Sci Transl Med 11(492). https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aav8521
Wood KA, Youle RJ (2006) Apoptosis and free radicals. Ann N Y Acad Sci 738(1):400–407. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb21829.x
Wu J, Gao W, Tang Q, Yu Y, You W, Wu Z, Fan Y, Zhang L, Wu C, Han G, Zuo X, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Ding W, Li X, Lin F, Shen H, Tang J, Zhang Y, Wang X (2021a) Retracted: M2 macrophage–derived exosomes facilitate HCC metastasis by transferring αMβ2 integrin to tumor cells. Hepatology 73(4):1365–1380. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.31432
Wu J-Y, Li Y-J, Hu X-B, Huang S, Xiang D-X (2021b) Preservation of small extracellular vesicles for functional analysis and therapeutic applications: a comparative evaluation of storage conditions. Drug Deliv 28(1):162–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/10717544.2020.1869866
Xavier CPR, Caires HR, Barbosa MAG, Bergantim R, Guimarães JE, Vasconcelos MH (2020) The role of extracellular vesicles in the hallmarks of cancer and drug resistance. Cells 9(5):1141. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9051141
Yáñez-Mó M, Siljander PR-M, Andreu Z, Bedina Zavec A, Borràs FE, Buzas EI, Buzas K, Casal E, Cappello F, Carvalho J, Colás E, Cordeiro-da Silva A, Fais S, Falcon-Perez JM, Ghobrial IM, Giebel B, Gimona M, Graner M, Gursel I et al (2015) Biological properties of extracellular vesicles and their physiological functions. J Extracell Vesicles 4(1):27066. https://doi.org/10.3402/jev.v4.27066
Yang P, Peng Y, Feng Y, Xu Z, Feng P, Cao J, Chen Y, Chen X, Cao X, Yang Y, Jie J (2021) Immune cell-derived extracellular vesicles – new strategies in cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.771551
Yin T, Liu Y, Ji W, Zhuang J, Chen X, Gong B, Chu J, Liang W, Gao J, Yin Y (2023) Engineered mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: a state-of-the-art multifunctional weapon against Alzheimer’s disease. Theranostics 13(4):1264–1285. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.81860
Yoshida M, Satoh A, Lin JB, Mills KF, Sasaki Y, Rensing N, Wong M, Apte RS, Imai S (2019) Extracellular vesicle-contained eNAMPT delays aging and extends lifespan in mice. Cell Metab 30(2):329–342.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2019.05.015
Zeng Y, Qiu Y, Jiang W, Shen J, Yao X, He X, Li L, Fu B, Liu X (2022) Biological features of extracellular vesicles and challenges. Front Cell Dev Biol 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.816698
Zhang L, Yu D (2019) Exosomes in cancer development, metastasis, and immunity. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 1871(2):455–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.04.004
Zhang Y, Chen L, Ye X, Wu Z, Zhang Z, Sun B, Fu H, Fu C, Liang X, Jiang H (2021a) Expression and mechanism of exosome-mediated A FOXM1 related long noncoding RNA in gastric cancer. J Nanobiotechnol 19(1):133. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-021-00873-w
Zhang Y-L, Ma Y, Zeng Y-Q, Liu Y, He E-P, Liu Y-T, Qiao F-L, Yu R, Wang Y-S, Wu X-Y, Leng P (2021b) A narrative review of research progress on FoxM1 in breast cancer carcinogenesis and therapeutics. Ann Transl Med 9(22):1704–1704. https://doi.org/10.21037/atm-21-5271
Zhang Y, Xin L, Xiang M, Shang C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Cui X, Lu Y (2022) The molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its role in cardiovascular disease. Biomed Pharmacother 145:112423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112423
Zhou Y, Dong Y, Zhang A, Wu J, Sun Q (2023) The role of mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes as a novel nanobiotechnology target in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1214190
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Aydemir, D., Ulusu, N.N. (2024). Extracellular Vesicles as the Dynamic Structural and Functional Network in Aging-Related Diseases and Cancer Treatment. In: Interdisciplinary Cancer Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/16833_2024_219
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/16833_2024_219
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham