Abstract
Two-pore channels, TPC1 and TPC2, are Ca2+- and Na+-permeable cation channels expressed on the membranes of endosomes and lysosomes in nearly all mammalian cells. These channels have been implicated in Ca2+ signaling initiated from the endolysosomes, vesicular trafficking, cellular metabolism, macropinocytosis, and viral infection. Although TPCs have been shown to mediate Ca2+ release from acidic organelles in response to NAADP (nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate), the most potent Ca2+ mobilizing messenger, questions remain whether NAADP is a direct ligand of these channels. In whole-endolysosomal patch clamp recordings, it has been difficult to detect NAADP-evoked currents in vacuoles that expressed TPC1 or TPC2, while PI(3,5)P2 (phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate) activated a highly Na+-selective current under the same experimental configuration. In this chapter, we summarize recent progress in this area and provide our observations on NAADP-elicited TPC2 currents from enlarged endolysosomes as well as their possible relationships with the currents evoked by PI(3,5)P2. We propose that TPCs are channels dually regulated by PI(3,5)P2 and NAADP in an interdependent manner and the two endogenous ligands may have both distinguished and cooperative roles.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported in part by US National Institutes of Health grant R01 NS102452 (to MXZ) and National Natural Science Foundation of China grant 92054102 (to QW). QW is a recipient of American Heart Association Postdoctoral Fellowship 17POST33661282.
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Wang, Q., Zhu, M.X. (2022). NAADP-Dependent TPC Current. In: Wahl-Schott, C., Biel, M. (eds) Endolysosomal Voltage-Dependent Cation Channels. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 278. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2022_606
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