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Brown Adipose Tissue Development and Metabolism

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Brown Adipose Tissue

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 251))

Abstract

Brown adipose tissue is well known to be a thermoregulatory organ particularly important in small rodents and human infants, but it was only recently that its existence and significance to metabolic fitness in adult humans have been widely realized. The ability of active brown fat to expend high amounts of energy has raised interest in stimulating thermogenesis therapeutically to treat metabolic diseases related to obesity and type 2 diabetes. In parallel, there has been a surge of research aimed at understanding the biology of rodent and human brown fat development, its remarkable metabolic properties, and the phenomenon of white fat browning, in which white adipocytes can be converted into brown like adipocytes with similar thermogenic properties. Here, we review the current understanding of the developmental and metabolic pathways involved in forming thermogenic adipocytes, and highlight some of the many unknown functions of brown fat that make its study a rich and exciting area for future research.

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Acknowledgments

SMJ is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship award from the American Diabetes Association (1-18-PDF-128). JSG is supported by an American Heart Association Career Development award (18CDA34080527). DAG is supported by grants from the NIH (R01DK094004 and R01CA196986) and a Leukemia and Lymphoma Society Career Development Award.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA

    Su Myung Jung & David A. Guertin

  2. Division of Endocrinology, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Joan Sanchez-Gurmaches

  3. Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Joan Sanchez-Gurmaches

  4. Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA

    David A. Guertin

  5. Lei Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA

    David A. Guertin

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  1. Su Myung Jung
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Correspondence to Joan Sanchez-Gurmaches or David A. Guertin .

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  1. Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

    Alexander Pfeifer

  2. Institute of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TU München, Freising, Bayern, Germany

    Martin Klingenspor

  3. Institute for Diabetes and Cancer IDC, Helmholtz Center München, Neuherberg, Germany

    Stephan Herzig

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Jung, S.M., Sanchez-Gurmaches, J., Guertin, D.A. (2018). Brown Adipose Tissue Development and Metabolism. In: Pfeifer, A., Klingenspor, M., Herzig, S. (eds) Brown Adipose Tissue. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 251. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2018_168

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