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Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS)-Containing Nanohybrid Polymers

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Supramolecular Polymers Polymeric Betains Oligomers

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 201))

Abstract

Polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS)-based hybrid polymers have generated much interest recently, both from the academic and industrial points of view. POSS are completely defined molecules of nanoscale dimensions that may be functionalized with reactive groups suitable for the synthesis of new organic–inorganic hybrids, thus providing the opportunity to design and build materials with extremely well-defined dimensions possessing nanophase behavior. POSS have been successfully incorporated into common polymers via copolymerization, grafting or blending. A variety of POSS-containing copolymers have been prepared and they have displayed great potential in the development of a wide range of hybrid nanomaterials with diverse properties. This work has critically evaluated the recent developments in syntheses of POSS polymer materials leading to POSS nanocomposites. The syntheses of POSS cages, monomers containing POSS cages, POSS-dendrimers' cores, POSS-containing polymers (nanobuilding blocks) and POSS nanocomposites are described in detail. This work also assesses the properties of POSS nanobuilding blocks that can be otherwise used for developing nanocomposites. Such properties include mechanical, thermal, flame-retardant and viscoelastic properties. Investigations into the structure, morphology and compatibility of POSS nanobuilding blocks have been reviewed. Other properties covered include the ion-mobility and swelling characteristics as well as porosity of POSS nanobuilding blocks. Lastly, existing and possible future applications are highlighted and final conclusions are drawn.

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Abbreviations

AIBN:

2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile

ATRP:

atom-transfer radical polymerization

BDGE:

1,4-butandiol diglycidyl ether

BSA:

4,4′-[1,3-phenylenebis-(1-methylethylidene)]bisaniline

c-C5H9:

cyclopentyl

c-C6H11:

cyclohexyl

c-C7H13:

cycloheptyl

m-CPBA:

meta-chloroperbenzoic acid

DCPD:

dicyclopentadiene

DDM:

diaminodiphenylmethane

DGEBA:

diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A

DMA or DMTA:

dynamic mechanical analysis

DP:

degree of polymerization

DRIFTS:

diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (spectroscopy)

DSC:

differential scanning calorimetry

EtO:

ethoxyl

EXAFS:

extended X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy

E′:

storage modulus

FTIR:

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

G′:

shear storage modulus

G′′:

loss modulus

GPC:

gel permeation chromatography

MALDI-TOF:

matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization—time of flight (spectroscopy)

MDI:

4,4′-methylenebis(phenylisocyanate)

Me:

methyl group

MPDA:

2-methyl-1,5-pentadiamine

MSD:

mean square displacement

MW:

molecular weight

1NB-POSS:

norbornenylethyl-POSS

3NB-POSS:

tris(norbornenylethyl)-POSS

NMR:

nuclear magnetic resonance

OAPS:

octaaminophenylsilsesquioxane

ODA:

oxydianiline

ODPA:

oxydiphthalic anhydride

OG:

octaglycidyldimethylsiloxyoctasilsesquioxane

OHPS:

octakis(3-hydroxypropyldimethylsiloxy)octasilsesquioxane

OMPS:

octakis(3-methacryloxypropyldimethylsiloxy)octasilsesquioxane

PAA:

poly(amic acid)

PALS:

positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy

PAPS:

polyaminophenylsilsesquioxane

PAS:

polyacetoxystyrene

PDMA:

pyromellitic dianhydride

PDMAm:

poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)

PEO:

poly(ethylene oxide)

PMMA:

poly(methyl methacrylate)

PN:

polynorbornene

PPh3 :

triphenylphosphine

PPO:

poly(propylene oxide)

POSS:

polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes

POZO:

poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)

PPSQ:

polyphenylsilsesquioxane

PS:

polystyrene

Pt(dvs):

platinum divinyltetramethyldisiloxane

PTMG:

polytetramethylene glycol

PU:

polyurethane

PVP:

polyvinylpyrrolidone

ROMP:

ring-opening metathesis polymerization

SAXS:

small-angle X-ray scattering

SEM:

scanning electron microscopy

SPM:

scanning probe microscopy

SSA:

specific surface area

STXM:

scanning transmission X-ray microscopy

tanδ:

mechanical loss factor

tert-Boc:

tert-butoxycarbonyl

TEM:

transmission electron microscopy

TG:

thermogravimetry

T g :

glass temperature

TGDDM:

tetraglycidyldiaminodiphenylmethane

THF:

tetrahydrofuran

m-TMI:

meta-isopropenyl-α,α′-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate

T :

temperature

T ODT :

order-disorder transition temperature

Ts:

tosyl (4-toluenesulfonyl) group

WAXD:

wide angle X-ray diffraction

VMB:

4-vinyl-4′-methyl-2,2′-bipyridine

ω:

shear frequency

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155, Kraków, Poland

    K. Pielichowski, B. Janowski & J. Pielichowski

  2. School of Industrial and Manufacturing Science, Cranfield University, MK43 0AL, Cranfield, Bedfordshire,, UK

    J. Njuguna

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Pielichowski, K., Njuguna, J., Janowski, B., Pielichowski, J. (2006 ). Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS)-Containing Nanohybrid Polymers. In: Supramolecular Polymers Polymeric Betains Oligomers. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 201. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_077

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