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Developmental Changes in Phosphate Homeostasis

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Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology

Part of the book series: Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology ((REVIEWS,volume 179))

Abstract

Phosphate is a multivalent ion critical for a variety of physiological functions including bone formation, which occurs rapidly in the developing infant. In order to ensure maximal bone mineralization, young animals must maintain a positive phosphate balance. To accomplish this, intestinal absorption and renal phosphate reabsorption are greater in suckling and young animals relative to adults. This review discusses the known intestinal and renal adaptations that occur in young animals in order to achieve a positive phosphate balance. Additionally, we discuss the ontogenic changes in phosphotropic endocrine signalling as it pertains to intestinal and renal phosphate handling, including several endocrine factors not always considered in the traditional dogma of phosphotropic endocrine signalling, such as growth hormone, triiodothyronine, and glucocorticoids. Finally, a proposed model of how these factors may contribute to achieving a positive phosphate balance during development is proposed.

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Abbreviations

AA:

Arachidonic acid

ALP:

Alkaline phosphatase

BBMV:

Brush-border membrane vesicles

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

FGF23:

Fibroblast growth factor 23

GH:

Growth hormone

NaPiIIa:

Sodium-phosphate cotransporter isoform IIa

NaPiIIb:

Sodium-phosphate cotransporter isoform IIb

NaPiIIc:

Sodium-phosphate cotransporter isoform IIc

NHE3:

Sodium hydrogen exchanger isoform III

Pi:

Phosphate

PLA2:

Phospholipase A2

PTH:

Parathyroid hormone

T3:

Triiodothyronine

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Acknowledgments

Research in the Alexander laboratory is funded by grants from the Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, which is supported by the Stollery Children’s Hospital Foundation, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Kidney Foundation of Canada and the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Dr. Alexander is a Stollery Science laboratory Distinguished Researcher and the Canada Research Chair in Renal Epithelial Transport Physiology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Physiology, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

    Tate MacDonald, Matthew Saurette, Megan R. Beggs & R. Todd Alexander

  2. The Women’s and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada

    Tate MacDonald, Megan R. Beggs & R. Todd Alexander

  3. Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

    R. Todd Alexander

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  1. Tate MacDonald
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  2. Matthew Saurette
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  3. Megan R. Beggs
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  4. R. Todd Alexander
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Correspondence to R. Todd Alexander .

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  1. Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Stine Helene Falsig Pedersen

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MacDonald, T., Saurette, M., Beggs, M.R., Todd Alexander, R. (2020). Developmental Changes in Phosphate Homeostasis. In: Pedersen, S.H.F. (eds) Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology. Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, vol 179. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/112_2020_52

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