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Social Life Cycle Assessment for Industrial Biotechnology

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Sustainability and Life Cycle Assessment in Industrial Biotechnology

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology ((ABE,volume 173))

Abstract

This chapter focuses on social assessment methods (known as SLCA) applied to industrial biotechnology (IB), which are part of the “life cycle” approach. IB is a heading for a set of different technologies. The first section presents a review of the literature to provide an analysis of the results and limitations of IB SLCA studies, with the main focus on the biofuel industries. Often conducted via a social performance analysis based on CSR (corporate social responsibility) criteria, most studies provide little new information. Nevertheless, there are some studies on the change caused by the emergence of an IB. These studies use national accounts input-output tables, which allow us to predict impacts. The second section suggests rules to follow in order to achieve a “good” SLCA in the field of IB, in other words, to be able to anticipate the main known impacts or at least to carry out the assessment in a rigorous and transparent fashion. The conclusion focuses on the prospects and challenges of IB SLCA, in a world which is experiencing immense upheaval.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The authors note the absence of any food security impact assessment or mitigation requirements despite the impacts of recent food crises on rural livelihoods and political stability in the Southern countries. Only one scheme goes far beyond mitigating negative impacts. The others place the main emphasis on mitigating negative socioeconomic impacts [2].

  2. 2.

    On the subject of health, it should be noted that the software used to perform an ELCA routinely offers the calculation of a “human health” impact which does not require data other than the data used to carry out the rest of the ELCA, but fails to address the social determinants of health.

  3. 3.

    This seminar cycle was launched in Montpellier in 2011 by Cirad and Irstea, who published the presentations of seminars 4 and 6 in the FruiTrop Thema collection of works (Cirad, Montpellier).

  4. 4.

    It should be noted that the first author mainly published on the assessment of microalga as a source of biofuels.

  5. 5.

    For example, allocation and tenure of land for new bioenergy production, effects of bioenergy use, and domestic production on the price and supply of a food basket, change in income, etc.

  6. 6.

    “In a world with limited (or very expensive) oil it is less clear where the chemical of the future will originate.” ([10], p. 1012).

  7. 7.

    In short, the quantity of energy obtained in relation to the amount invested.

  8. 8.

    Biofuels offer an ideal field of study in the future, because of “the expected large gap between future demand and potential domestic supply in the North” the production of biofuels for the North will increase in countries in the South ([6], p. xiii).

  9. 9.

    Such as the classification of social determinants for health developed by the WHO’s dedicated commission [81].

  10. 10.

    Rostila et al. [83] demonstrate the reversal of the link between income inequality and self-reported health, depending on whether the study is at the Stockholm municipality level or at the neighborhood level.

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  1. ITAP, University of Montpellier, IRSTEA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France

    Catherine Macombe

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  1. TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Straubing, Germany

    Magnus Fröhling

  2. Department of Business Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany

    Michael Hiete

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Macombe, C. (2019). Social Life Cycle Assessment for Industrial Biotechnology. In: Fröhling, M., Hiete, M. (eds) Sustainability and Life Cycle Assessment in Industrial Biotechnology. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, vol 173. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2019_99

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