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Medically Important Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci

  • Reference work entry
The Prokaryotes

Introduction

Streptococci are a diverse collection of species, which are Gram-positive cocci that grow in chains or pairs. Although most are normal flora of mammalian mucous membranes, all can cause disease, and some are primary pathogens. With the exception of Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most medically relevant species are β hemolytic when grown on sheep blood agar plates. Streptococcus pyogenes and S. agalactiae are by far the most common, most dangerous and best studied human streptococcal pathogens, and are therefore the primary focus of this chapter.

Streptococci are fastidious chemoorganotrophs, which are catalase negative. All grow aerobically, but growth is more luxurious in an atmosphere that contains elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. Although unable to utilize oxygen (O2) as an electron sink, it can be metabolized to reactive oxygen radicals and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Strains within a species vary in their sensitivity to O2 and excretion of H2O2. Streptococcus...

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  1. Patrick Cleary
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  2. Qi Cheng
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Box 196, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0312, USA

    Martin Dworkin Professor Dr. (Editor-in-Chief) (Editor-in-Chief)

  2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University Medical School, 299 Campus Drive, Fairchild, D039, Stanford, CA, 94305-5124, USA

    Stanley Falkow

  3. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, 69978, Israel

    Eugene Rosenberg

  4. Department of Microbiology, Technical University Munich, 80290, Munich, Germany

    Karl-Heinz Schleifer

  5. DSMZ- German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Mascheroder Weg 1b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany

    Erko Stackebrandt

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Cleary, P., Cheng, Q. (2006). Medically Important Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci. In: Dworkin, M., Falkow, S., Rosenberg, E., Schleifer, KH., Stackebrandt, E. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-30744-3_3

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