Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The interaction of morphology and syntax in affix order

  • Chapter
Yearbook of Morphology 2002

Part of the book series: Yearbook of Morphology ((YOMO))

Summary

In this paper I have shown that the interaction of morphology and syntax in an OT grammar accounts for a wide range of facts about the order of subject agreement affixes, both crosslinguistically and in the grammar of single languages. It remains to be seen how this type of account extends to other affix types. Trommer (2002a) shows that the ordering of fused subject/object agreement also follows an alignment pattern and discusses some tentative results on object agreement pointing in the same direction. Hyman (2001) shows that affixes involved in Bantu grammatical-function changing processes (causative, passive, etc.) also show the interplay of syntactic/semantic constraints with purely morphological factors.30 Interestingly, there is independent morphological evidence that at least voice affixes form a natural class with agreement and are inserted ‘late’ after syntax (Embick 1998). This gives further support to the claim that the asymmetry between Tense/Aspect and Agreement is due to the more principled difference between syntactic and morphological affixes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abbott, M. (1991). Macushi. In D. C. Derbyshire and G. K. Pullum (eds.), Handbook of Amazonian Languages, volume 2. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 23–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abondolo, D. (1998). Khanty. In D. Abondolo (ed.), The Uralic Languages. London: Routledge, 358–386.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aissen, J.L. (1987). Tzotzil Clause Structure. Dordrecht: Reidel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersen, S.R. (1977). On Mechanisms by which languages become ergative. In C. Li (ed.), Mechanisms of Syntactic Change, volume 2. Austin: University of Texas Press, 317–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrade, M.J. (1922). Quileute. In F. Boas (ed.), Handbook of American Indian Languages, volume 2. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 40. Washington: Government Printing Office, 149–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, J.R. (1975). Introduction to Classical Nahuatl. Austin: University of Texas Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Annamalai, E. and S.B. Steever (1998). Modern Tamil. In S.B. Steever (ed.), The Dravidian Languages. London: Routledge, 100–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnott, D.W. (1970). The Nominal and Verbal Systems of Fula. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aronson, H.I. (1982). Georgian: A Reading Grammar. Bloomington: Slavica.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arregi, K. (1999). Person and number Inflection in Basque. In V. Lin, C. Krause, B. Bruening and K. Arregi (eds.), Papers on Morphology and Syntax: Cycle Two, volume 34 of MIT Working Papers in Linguistics. Cambridge Mass: MITWPL, 229–264.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, M.C. (1985). The mirror principle and morphosyntactic explanation. Linguistic Inquiry 16, 537–576.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, M.C. (1996). The Polysynthesis Parameter. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergsland, K. (1994). Aleut tenses and aspects. In C. Bache (ed.), Tense, Aspect and Action: Empirical and Theoretical Contributions to Language Typology. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 323–369.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloomfield, L. (1962). The Menomini Language. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bobaljik, J.D. (2001). Realizing Germanic inflection: Why morphology does not drive syntax. Ms., McGill University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonvillain, N. (1973). A Grammar of Akwesasne Mohawk. Ottawa: National Museum of Man.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broadwell, G.A. (2000). Choktaw. Ms., University at Albany, State University of New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryan, M.A. and A. Tucker (1966). Linguistic Analyses: The Non-Bantu Languages of North-Eastern Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchholz, O. and W. Fiedler (1987). Albanische Grammatik. Leipzig: VEB Verlag Enzyklopäadie.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bucknell, R.S. (1994). Sanskrit Manual. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bybee, J.L. (1985). Morphology. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bybee, J.L., W. Pagliucaand R.D. Perkins (1990). On the asymmetries in the affixation of grammatical material. In W. Croft, K. Denning and S. Kemmer (eds.), Studies in Typology and Diachrony. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, G.L. (1991). Compendium of the World’s Languages, volume 1. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carmack, S. (1997). Blocking in Georgian verb morphology. Language 73, 314–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chomsky, N. (1995). The Minimalist Program. Cambridge Mass: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chung, S.(1982). Unbounded dependencies in Chamorro grammar. LinguisticInquiry 13, 39–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cinque, G. (1999). Adverbs and Functional Heads: ACross-linguistic Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corbett, G.G. (2000). Number. Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cowley, R., M.L. Bender and C.A. Ferguson (1976). The Amharic language. In M.L. Bender, J. Bowen, R. Cooper and C.A. Ferguson (eds.), Language in Ethiopia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 63–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Creider, C.A. and J.T. Creider (1989). A Grammar of Nandi. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cutler, A., J.A. Hawkinsand G. Gilligan (1985). The suffixing preference: A processing explanation. Linguistics 23, 723–758.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cyffer, N. (1992). We Learn Kanuri. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, J. (1989). Kobon. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Day, C. (1973). The Jacaltec Language. Bloomington: Indiana University Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Degener, A. (1998). Die Sprache von Nisheygram im afghanischen Hindukush. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeLancey, S. (1985). Aninterpretation of split ergativity and related patterns. Language 51, 626–657.

    Google Scholar 

  • Derbyshire, D.C. (1979). Hixkaryana. Amsterdam: North Holland Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dimmendaal, G.J. (1983). The Turkana Language. Dordrecht: Foris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donohue, M. (1998). A note on verbal agreement in Maung. Ms., University of Manchester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dryer, M.S. (1989). Plural words. Linguistics 27, 865–895.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dryer, M.S. (1992). The Greenbergian word order correlations. Language 68, 81–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durie, M. (1986). The grammaticization of number as a verbal category. In Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 355–370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eckert, R., Bukevificičūtė E.-J. and F. Hinze (1994). Die baltischen Sprachen. Leipzig: Langenscheidt Verlag Enzyklopadie.

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Solami-Mewis, C. (1987). Lehrbuch des Somali. Leipzig: VEB Verlag Enzyklopadie.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elfenbein, J.(1998). Brahui. In S.B. Steever (ed.), The Dravidian Languages. London: Routledge, 388–414.

    Google Scholar 

  • Embick, D. (1998). Voice systemsand the syntax/morphology interface. In H. Harley (ed.), Papers from the UPenn/MIT Roundtable on Argument Structure and Aspect, volume 34 of MIT Working Papers in Linguistics. Cambridge Mass: MITWPL, 41–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Filip, H. (2002). Prefixes and the delimitation of events. Ms., Northwestern University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foley, W.A. (1986). The Papuan Languages of New Guinea. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foley, W.A. (1991). The Yimas Language of New Guinea. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frajzyngier, Z. (1997). Grammaticalization of number: from demonstratives to nominal and verbal plural. Journal of Linguistic Typology 1, 193–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Givón, T. (1975). Serial verbs and syntactic change: Niger-Congo. In C. Li (ed.), Word Order and Word Order Change. Austin: University of Texas Press, 47–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, L. (1986). Maricopa Morphology and Syntax. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Granberry, J. (1993). A Grammar and Dictionary of the Timucua Language. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, J.H. (1988). The first person inclusive dual as an ambiguouscategory. In J.H. Greenberg (ed.), Studies in Language. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grimes, J.E. (1985). Topic Inflection in Mapudungun verbs. IJAL 51, 141–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grimshaw, J. (2000). Optimal clitic positions and the lexicon in romance clitic systems. In G. Legendre, J. Grimshaw and S. Vikner (eds.), OT Syntax. Cambridge Mass: MIT Press, 205–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, D. (1971). An Introduction to the Nocte Language. Shillong: North-East Frontier Agency.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hale, K. (1973). Person marking in Walbiri. In S. Anderson and P. Kiparsky (eds.), A Festschrift for Morris Halle. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 308–344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halle, M. and A. Marantz. (1993). Distributed morphology and the pieces of inflection. In K. Hale and S.J. Keyser (eds.), The View from Building 20. Cambridge Mass: MIT Press, 111–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardman, M.J. (1966). Jaqaru: Outline of Phonological and Morphological Structure. The Hague: Mouton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardman, M.J. (2000). Jaqaru. München: Lincom Europa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins, J. and G. Gilligans (1988). Left-right asymmetries in morphological universals. In J. Hawkins and H. Holmback (eds.), Papers in Universal Grammar. Lingua (special issue), 221–244.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins, J.A. and G. Gilligan (1988). Prefixing and suffixing universals in relation to basic word order. Lingua 74, 219–259.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heath, J. (1984). Functional Grammar of Nunggubuyu. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoard, J.E. and G.N. O’Grady. (1976). Nyangumarda phonology: A preliminary report. In R.M. Dixon (ed.), Grammatical Categories in Australian Languages. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, 51–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoddinott, W.G. and F.M. Kofod (1976). Djamidjungan. In R.M. Dixon (ed.), Grammatical Categories in Australian Languages. Canberra: Humanities Press, 397–401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hudson, R.A. (1976). Beja. In M.L. Bender (ed.), The Non-Semitic Languages of Ethiopia, number 5 in Occasional Papers Series. East Lansing: African Studies Center, Michigan State University, 97–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hyman, L.M. (2001). Templatic and/or compositional morphology: Suffix ordering in Bantu. Paper presented at the Bay Area Typology Workshop, March 17, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iliescu, M. and L. Mourin (1991). Typologie de la Morphologie Verbale Romance. Innsbruck: Verlag des Instituts für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inkelas, S. (1993). Nimboran position class morphology. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 11, 559–624.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jakobi, A. (1972). A Fur Grammar. The Hague: Mouton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jelinek, E. and R.A. Demers (1994). Predicates and pronominal arguments in Straits Salish. Language 16, 697–735.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johanson, L. and E.A. Csató (1998). Chuvash. In S.B. Steever (ed.), The Turkic Languages. London: Routledge, 434–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, A. (1998). Towards a Lexicogrammar of Mekeo. Canberra: Australian National University Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Julien, M. (2000). Syntactic Heads and Word-Formation: A Study of Verbal Inflection. PhD thesis, University of Tromsø.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kakumasu, J. (1991). Urubu-Kaapor. In D.C. Derbyshire and G.K. Pullum (eds.), Handbook of Amazonian Languages, volume 1. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 326–406.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kayne, R.S. (1994). The Antisymmetry of Syntax. Cambridge Mass: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keresztes, L. (1998). Mansi. In D. Abondolo (ed.), The Uralic Languages. London: Routledge, 387–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Key, H.H. (1967). Morphology of Cayuvava. The Hague: Mouton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koehn, E. and S. Koehn (1986). Apalai. In D.C. Derbyshire and G.K. Pullum (eds.), Handbook of Amazonian Languages, volume 1. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 33–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krause, S.R. (1976). Topics in Chukchee Phonology and Morphology. PhD thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakämper, R. and D. Wunderlich (1998). Person marking in Quechua–a Constraint-based minimalist analysis. Lingua 105, 113–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehmann, C. (1995). Thoughts on Grammaticalization, volume 1 of Lincom Studies in Theoretical Linguistics. München: Lincom Europa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leslau, W. (1995). Reference Grammar of Amharic. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahapatra, B.P. (1976). Comparative notes on Juang and Kharia finite verbs. In P.N. Jenner, L.C. Thompson and S. Starosta (eds.), Austroasiatic Studies, volume 2. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, 801–814.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mallon, M. (1991). Introductory Inuktitut: Reference Grammar. Montreal: Arctic College–McGill University Inuktitut Text Project.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marlett, S.A. (1990). Person and number inflection in Seri. IJAL 56, 503–541.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matteson, E. (1965). The Piro (Arawakan) Language. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, J. and A. Prince. (1993). Generalized alignment. In G. Booij and J. van Marie (eds.), Yearbook of Morphology 1993. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 79–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, J. and A. Prince (1994). The emergence of the unmarked: Optimality in prosodic morphology. In Proceedings of the North East Linguistic Society 24, 333–379.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merlan, F.C. (1994). A Grammar of Wardaman. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, W.R. (1965). Acoma Grammar and Texts. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mithun, M. (1991). The development of bound pronominal paradigms. In W.P. Lehmann and H.-J.J. Hewitt (eds.), Language Typology 1988: Typological Models in Reconstruction, volume 81 of Current Issues in Linguistic Theory. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 85–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nedyalkov, I. (1994). Evenki. In P. Kahrel and R. van den Berg (eds.), Typological Studies in Negation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noyer, R.R. (1992). Features, Positions and Affixes in Autonomous Morphological Structure. PhD thesis, MIT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ouhalla, J. (1991). Functional Categories and Parametric Variation. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandharipande, R.V. (1997). Marathi. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, G. (1976). Gramaticá Quechua: Ancash-Huailas. Lima: Ministerio de Educación, Instituto de Estudios Peruanos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Payne, D.L. (1981). The Phonology and Morphology of Axininca Campa. Dallas: The Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pickett, V. (1955). Isthmus Zapotec verb analysis II. IJAL 21, 217–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Press, I. (1986). A Grammar of Modern Breton. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prince, A. and P. Smolensky (1993). Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar. Technical Reports of the Rutgers University Center of Cognitive Science. RUCCS TR-2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Redden, J.E. (1966). Walapai II: Morphology. IJAL 32, 141–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reh, M. (1993). Anywa Language. Koln: Rudiger Koppe Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiner, E. (1969). The Elamite language. In B. Spuler (ed.), Altkleinasiatische Sprachen, Handbuch der Orientalistik. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 54–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robins, R.H. (1958). The Yurok Language. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, C. (1990). Rethinking Southern Tiwa: The geometry of a triple-agreement language. Language 66, 669–709

    Google Scholar 

  • Rottland, F. (1990). A sketch of Shinasha morphology. In R.J. Hayward (ed.), Omotic Language Studies. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 185–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruhlen, M. (1987). A Guide to the Worlďs Languages: Classification, volume 1. Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salminen, T. (1998). Nenets. In D. Abondolo (ed.), The Uralic Languages. London: Routledge, 516–547.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samek-Lodovici, V. and A. Prince. (1999). Optima. Technical Reports of the Rutgers University Center of Cognitive Science. RUCCS TR-57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sammallahti, P. (1998). Saamic. In D. Abondolo (ed.), The Uralic Languages. London: Routledge, 387–427.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schönig, C. (1998). Azerbaijanian. In S.B. Steever (ed.), The Turkic Languages. London: Routledge, 248–260.

    Google Scholar 

  • Selkirk, E. (1995). The prosodic structure of function words. In Papers in Optimality Theory, volume 18 of University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers. Amherst: University of Massachusetts, 439–469.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senft, G. (1986). Kilivila: The Language of the Trobriand Islanders. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shibatani, M. (1990). The Languages of Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siewierska, A. (1993). The relationship between affix and main clause constituent order. In C. Wilder and D. Cavar (eds.), Word Order Variation, Verb Movement and Economy Principles. Frankfurt a. M.: Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität, 63–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siewierska, A. and D. Bakker (1996). The distribution of subject and object agreement and word order type. Studies in Language 20,115–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer, A. (1991). Morphological Theory. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stachowski, M. and A. Menz (1998). Yakut. In S.B. Steever (ed.), The Turkic Languages. London: Routledge, 417–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stairs, E.F. and B.E. Hollenbach (1969). Huave verb morphology. IJAL, 38–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trommer, J. (2002a). Distributed Optimality. PhD thesis, University of Potsdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trommer, J. (2002b). Modularity in OT-morphosyntax. In G. Fanselow and C. Féry (eds.), Resolving Conflicts in Grammar: Optimality Theory in Syntax, Morphology and Phonology. Special Issue 11 of Linguistische Berichte.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tryon, D.T. (1973). Linguistic subgrouping in the New Hebridies: A preliminary approach. Oceanic Linguistics 12, 303–351.

    Google Scholar 

  • van den Berg, R. (1989). A Grammar of the Muna Language. Dordrecht: Foris.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Driem, G. (1993). A Grammar of Dumi. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vitale, A.J. (1981). Swahili Syntax. Dordrecht: Foris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wunderlich, D. (1996). Minimalist morphology: The role of paradigms. In G. Booij and J. van Marie (eds.), Yearbook of Morphology 1995. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 93–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wurm, S.A. (1975). The trans-fly stock. In S.A. Wurm (ed.), New Guinea Area Languages and Language Study: Papua Languages and the New Guinea Linguistic Scene, volume 1 of Pacific Linguistics, Series C, 38. Canberra: Australian National University, 323–344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, R.W. and W. Morgan. (1998). The Navajo Language: A Grammar and Colloquial Dictionary. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Katharinenstrasse 24, 49078, Osnabrück, Germany

    Jochen Trommer

Authors
  1. Jochen Trommer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Geert Booij

  2. Open Universiteit Nederland, Heerlen, The Netherlands

    Jaap van Marle

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Trommer, J. (2003). The interaction of morphology and syntax in affix order. In: Booij, G., van Marle, J. (eds) Yearbook of Morphology 2002. Yearbook of Morphology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48223-1_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48223-1_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-1150-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-306-48223-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation