Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Biomimetic Materials Synthesis

  • Chapter
Physics and Chemistry Basis of Biotechnology

Part of the book series: Focus on Biotechnology ((FOBI,volume 7))

Abstract

The study of mineral formation in biological systems, biomineralisation, provides inspiration for novel approaches to the synthesis of new materials. Biomineralisation relies on extensive organic-inorganic interactions to induce and control the synthesis of inorganic solids. Living systems exploit these interactions and utilise organised organic scaffolds to direct the precise patterning of inorganic materials over a wide range of length scales. Fundamental studies of biomineral and model systems have revealed some of the key interactions which take place at the organic-inorganic interface. This has led to extensive use of the principles at work in biomineralisation for the creation of novel materials. A biomimetic approach to materials synthesis affords control over the size, morphology and polymorph of the mineral under mild synthetic conditions.

In this review, we present examples of organic-inorganic systems of different kinds, employed for the synthesis of inorganic structures with a controlled size and morphology, such as individual semiconductor and metal nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution, ordered assemblies of the nanoparticles, and materials possessing complex architectures resembling biominerals. Different synthetic strategies employing organic substances of various kinds to control crystal nucleation and growth and/or particle assembly into structures organised at a larger scale are reviewed. Topics covered include synthesis of solid nanoparticles in micelles, vesicles, protein shells, organisation of nanocrystals using biomolecular recognition, synthesis of nanoparticle arrays using ordered organic templates.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Mann, S., Webb, J., Williams, R. J. P. 1989. Biomineralisation: Chemical and biochemical perspectives. New York: VCH

    Google Scholar 

  2. Mann, S. 1996. Biomimetic Materials Chemistry. New York: VCH Publishers

    Google Scholar 

  3. Lowenstam, H. A. (1981) Minerals formed by organisms, Science (Washington, 19. C., 1883-) 211, 1126–1131.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. Walsh, D., Hopwood, J. D., Mann, S. (1994) Crystal Tectonics: Construction of Reticulated Calcium Phosphate Frameworks in Bicontinuous Reverse Microemulsions, Science 264, 1576–1578.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. Addadi, L., Weiner, S. (1992) Control and design principles in biomineralisation, Angew. Chem. 104, 159–176 (See also Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1992, 1931(1992), 1153-1969).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Berman, A,, Hanson, J., Leiserowitz, L., Koetzle, T. F., Weiner, S., Addadi, L. (1993) Crystal-protein interactions: controlled anisotropic changes in crystal microtexture, J. Phys. Chem. 97, 5162–5170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Aizenberg, J., Albeck, S., Falini, G., Levi, Y., Weiner, S., Addadi, L. (1997) Design strategies in mineralised biological materials, Book of’ Abstracts, 213th ACS National Meeting, Sun Francisco, April 13–17 INOR-768.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Douglas, T., Young, M. J. (1998) Host-guest encapsulation of materials by assembled virus protein cages, Nature 393, 152–155.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. Harrison, P. M., Andrews, S. C., Artymiuk, P. J., Ford, G. C., Guest, J. R., Hirzmann, J., Lawson, D. M., Livngstone, J. C., Smith, J. M., Treffry, A., Yewdall, S. J. (1991) Probing structure-function relationships in ferritin and bacterioferritin, Adv. Inorg. Chem. 36, 449–485.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Douglas, T., Ripoll, D. (1998) Electrostatic gradients in the iron storage protein ferritin, Protein Science 7, 1083–1091.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Yang, X., Arosio, P., Chasteen, N. D. (2000) Molecular diffusion into ferritin: pathways, temperature dependence, incubation time, and concentration effects, Biophys. J. 78, 2049–2059.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Treffry, A,, Zhao, Z., Quail, M. A., Guest, J. R., Harrison, P. M. (1997) Dinuclear center of ferritin: Studies of iron binding and oxidation show differences in the two iron sites, Biochemistry 36, 432–441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Hwang, J., Krebs, C., Huynh, B. H., Edmondson, D. E., Theil, E. C., Penner-Hahn, J. E. (2000) A short Fe-Fe distance in peroxodiferric ferritin: control of Fe substrate versus cofactor decay?. [Erratum to document cited in CA132:162578], Science (Washington, D. C.) 287, 807.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Meldrum, F. C., Heywood, B. R., Mann, S. (1992) Magnetoferritin: In vitro synthesis of a novel magnetic protein, Science 257, 522–523.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Douglas, T., Bulte, J. W. M., Pankhurst, Q. A,, Dickson, D. P. E., Moskowitz, B. M., Frankel, R. B., Mann, S. 1995. In Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Composites, ed. J. E. Mark, P. Bianconi, pp. 19–28. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society

    Google Scholar 

  16. Wong, K. K. W., Douglas, T., Gider, S., Awschalom, D. D., Mann, S. (1998) Biomimetic Synthesis and Characterisation of Magnetic Proteins (Magnetoferritin), Chem. Mater. 10, 279–285.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Meldrum, F. C., Wade, V. J., Nimmo, D. L., Heywood, B. R., Mann, S. (1991) Synthesis of inorganic nanophase materials in supramolecular protein cages, Nature 349, 684–687.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. Meldrum, F. C., Douglas, T., Levi, S., Arosio, P., Mann, S. (1995) Reconstitution of manganese oxide cores in horse spleen and recombinant ferritins, J. Inorg. Biochem. 58, 59–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Douglas, T., Stark, V. T. (2000) Nanophase Cobalt Oxyhydroxide Mineral Synthesised within the Protein Cage of Ferritin, Inorg. Chem. ACS ASAP.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Douglas, T., Dickson, D. P. E., Betteridge, S., Charnock, J., Garner, C. D., Mann, S. (1995) Synthesis and structure of an iron(III) sulphide-ferritin bioinorganic nanocomposite, Science 269, 54–57.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. Wong, K. K. W., Mann, S. (1996) Biomimetic synthesis of cadmium sulphide-ferritin nanocomposites, Adv. Muter. (Weinheim, Ger.) 8, 928–932.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Sleytr, U. B., Messner, P., Pum, D., Sara, M. (1999) Crystalline bacterial cell surface layers (S-layers): From supramolecular cell structures to biomimetics and nanotechnology, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 38,1034–1054.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Shenton, W., Pum, D., Sleytr, U. B., Mann, S. (1997) Synthesis of cadmium sulphide superlattices using self-assembled bacterial S-layers, Nature 389, 585–587.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. Dieluweit, S., Pum, D., Sleytr, U. B. (1998) Formation of a gold superlattice on an S-layer with square lattice symmetry, Supramol. Sci. 5, 15–19.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Douglas, K., Devaud, G., Clark, N. A. (1992) Transfer of biologically derived nanometer-scale patterns to smooth substrates, Science 257, 642–644.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. Shenton, W., Douglas, T., Young, M., Stubbs, G., Mann, S. (1999) Inorganic-Organic Nanotube Composites from Template Mineralization of Tobacco Mosaic Virus, Adv. Mater. 11, 253–256.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Douglas, T., Young, M. (1999) Virus particles as templates for materials synthesis,Adv. Muter. (Weinheim, Ger.) 11, 679–681.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Balogh, L., Tomalia, D. A. (1998) Poly(Amidoamine) Dendrimer-Templated Nanocomposites. 1. Synthesis of Zerovalent Copper Nanoclusters, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120, 7355–7356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Zhao, M., Sun, L., Crooks, R. M. (1998) Preparation of Cu Nanoclusters within Dendrimer Templates, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120, 4877–4878.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Garcia, M. E., Baker, L. A,, Crooks, R. M. (1999) Preparation and characterisation of dendrimer-gold colloid nanocomposites, Anal. Chem. 71, 256–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Zhao, M., Crooks, R. M. (1999) Dendrimer-encapsulated Pt nanoparticles. Synthesis, characterisation, and applications to catalysis, Adv. Muter. (Weinheim, Ger.) 11, 217–220.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Sooklal, K., Hanus, L. H., Ploehn, H. J., Murphy, C. J. (1998) A blue-emitting CdS/dendrimer nanocomposite, Adv. Muter. (Weinheim, Ger.) 10, 1083–1087.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Strable, E., Butte, J. W. M., Vivekanandan, K., Moskowitz, B., Douglas, T. (2000) Synthesis and Characterisation of Soluble Iron-Oxide Dendrimer Composites, Chem. Muter. submitted

    Google Scholar 

  34. Henisch, H. K. 1988. Crystals in Gels and Liesegung Rings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

    Google Scholar 

  35. Aizenberg, J., Hanson, J., Ilan, M., Leiserowitz, L., Koetzle, T. F., Addadi, L., Weiner, S. (1995) Morphogenesis of calcitic sponge spicules: a role for specialised proteins interacting with growing crystals, Fuseb J. 9, 262–268.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Aizenberg, J., Lambert, G., Addadi, L., Weiner, S. (1996) Stabilisation of amorphous calcium carbonate by specialised macromolecules in biological and synthetic precipitates, Adv. Muter. (Weinheim, Ger.) 8, 222–226.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Addadi, L., Aizenberg, J., Albeck, S., Falini, G., Weiner, S. (1995) Structural control over the formation of calcium carbonate mineral phases in biomineralisation, NATO ASISer., Ser. C 473, 127–139.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Weiner, S., Addadi, L. (1991) Acidic macromolecules of mineralised tissues: the controllers of crystal formation, Trends Biochem. Sci. 16, 252–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Boutonnet, M., Kizling, J., Stenius, P., Maire, G. (1982) The preparation of monodisperse colloidal metal particles from microemulsions, Colloids Surf: 5, 209–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Kurihara, K., Kizling, J., Stenius, P., Fendler, J. H. (1983) Laser and pulse radiolytically induced colloidal gold formation in water and in water-in-oil microemulsions, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 105, 2574–2579.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Meyer, M., Wallberg, C., Kurihara, K., Fendler, J. H. (1984) Photosensitised charge separation and hydrogen production in reversed micelle-entrapped, platinised, colloidal, cadmium sulphide, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 90–91.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Lianos, P., Thomas, J. K. (1986) Cadmium sulphide of small dimensions produced in inverted micelles, Chem. Phys. Lett. 125, 299–302.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. Petit, C., Pileni, M. P. (1988) Synthesis of cadmium sulphide in situ in reverse micelles and in hydrocarbon gels, J. Phys. Chem. 92, 2282–2286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Steigenvald, M. L., Alivisatos, A. P., Gibson, J. M., Harris, T. D., Kortan, R., Muller, A. J., Thayer, A. M., Duncan, T. M., Douglass, D. C., Brus, L. E. (1988) Surface derivatisation and isolation of semiconductor cluster molecules, J. Am. Chem. SOC. 110, 3046–3050.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Kortan, A. R., Hull, R., Opila, R. L., Bawendi, M. G., Steigenvald, M. L., Carroll, P. J., Brus, L. E. (1990) Nucleation and growth of cadmium selendie on zinc sulphide quantum crystallite seeds, and vice versa, in inverse micelle media, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 1327–1332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Towey, T. F., Khan-Lodhi, A,, Robinson, B. H. (1990) Kinetics and mechanism of formation of quantum-sized cadmium sulphide particles in water-Aerosol OT-oil microemulsions, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 86, 3757–3762.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Petit, C., Lixon, P., Pileni, M. P. (1990) Synthesis of cadmium sulphide in situ in reverse micelles. 2. Influence of the interface on the growth of the particles, J. Phys. Chem. 94, 1598–1603.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Lisiecki, I., Pileni, M. P. (1993) Synthesis of copper metallic clusters using reverse micelles as microreactors, J. Am. Chem. SOC. 115, 3887–3896.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Petit, C., Lixon, P., Pileni, M. P. (1993) In situ synthesis of silver nanocluster in AOT reverse micelles, J. Phys. Chem. 97, 12974–12983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Chang, S.-Y., Liu, L., Asher, S. A. (1994) Preparation and Properties of Tailored Morphology, Monodisperse Colloidal Silica-Cadmium Sulphide Nanocomposites, J. Am. Chem. SOC. 116, 6739–6744.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Lianos, P., Thomas, J. K. (1987) Small cadmium sulphide particles in inverted micelles, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 117, 505–512.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Chhabra, V., Pillai, V., Mishra, B. K., Morrone, A., Shah, D. 0. (1995) Synthesis, Characterisation, and Properties of Microemulsion-Mediated Nanophase Ti02 Particles, Langmuir 11, 3307–3311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Johnson, J. A,, Saboungi, M.-L., Thiyagarajan, P., Csencsits, R., Meisel, D. (1999) Selenium Nanoparticles: A Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Study, J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 59–63.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Gobe, M., Kon-No, K., Kandori, K., Kitahara, A. (1983) Preparation and characterisation of monodisperse magnetite sols in water/oil microemulsion, J Colloid Interface Sci. 93, 293–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Pillai, V., Kumar, P., Multani, M. S., Shah, D. 0. (1993) Structure and magnetic properties of nanoparticles of barium ferrite synthesised using microemulsion processing, Colloids Surf, A 80, 69–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Feltin, N., Pileni, M. P. (1997) New Technique for Synthesising Iron Ferrite Magnetic Nanosized Particles, Langmuir 13, 3927–3933.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Chen, J. P., Sorensen, C. M., Klabunde, K. J., Hadjipanayis, G. C. (1994) Magnetic properties of nanophase cobalt particles synthesised in inversed micelles, J Appl. Phys. 76, 6316–6318.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  58. Dutta, P. K., Jakupca, M., Reddy, K. S. N., Salvati, L. (1995) Controlled growth of microporous crystals nucleated in reverse micelles, Nature (London) 374, 44–46.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  59. Hopwood, J. D., Mann, S. (1997) Synthesis of Barium Sulphate Nanoparticles and Nanofilaments in Reverse Micelles and Microemulsions, Chem. Mater. 9, 1819–1828.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Tanori, J., Pileni, M. P. (1997) Control of the Shape of Copper Metallic Particles by Using a Colloidal System as Template, Langmuir 13, 639–646.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Li, M., Schnablegger, H., Mann, S. (1999) Coupled synthesis and self-assembly of nanoparticles to give structures with controlled organisation, Nature (London) 402, 393–395.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  62. Moumen, N., Pileni, M. P. (1996) Control of the Size of Cobalt Ferrite Magnetic Fluid, J. Phys. Chem. 100,1867–1873.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Lisiecki, I., Billoudet, F., Pileni, M. P. (1996) Control of the shape and the size of copper metallic particles, J. Phys. Chem. 100, 4160–4166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Lim, G. K., Wang, J., Ng, S. C., Gan, L. M. (1999) Formation of Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite in Non-ionic Surfactant Emulsions, Langmuir 15, 7472–7477

    Google Scholar 

  65. Mann, S., Williams, R. J. P. (1983) Precipitation within unilamellar vesicles. Part 1. Studies of silver(1) oxide formation, J Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 311–316, 3 12 plates.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Mann, S., Hannington, J. P., Williams, R. J. P. (1986) Phospholipid vesicles as a model system for biomineralisation, Nature (London) 324, 565–567.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  67. Tricot, Y. M., Fendler, J. H. (1984) Colloidal catalyst-coated semiconductors in surfactant vesicles: in situ generation of rhodium-coated cadmium sulphide particles in dihexadecyl phosphate vesicles and their utilisation for photosensitised charge separation and hydrogen generation, J. Am. Chem. SOC. 106, 7359–7366.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Watzke, H. J., Fendler, J. H. (1987) Quantum size effects of in situ generated colloidal cadmium sulphide particles in dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride surfactant vesicles, J. Phys. Chem. 91, 854–861.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Korgel, B. A., Monbouquette, H. G. (1996) Synthesis of Size-Monodisperse CdS Nanocrystals Using Phosphatidylcholine Vesicles as True Reaction Compartments, J. Phys. Chem. 100, 346–351

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Chang, A. C., Pfeiffer, W. F., Guillaume, B.; Baral, S., Fendler, J. H. (1990) Preparation and characterisation of selenide semiconductor particles in surfactant vesicles, J. Phys. Chem. 94, 4284–4289.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Youn, H. C., Baral, S., Fendler, J. H. (1988) Dihexadecyl phosphate, vesicle-stabilised and in situ generated mixed cadmium sulphide and zinc sulphide semiconductor particles: preparation and utilisation for photosensitised charge separation and hydrogen generation, J. Phys. Chem. 92, 6320–6327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Bhandarkar, S., Bose, A. (1990) Synthesis of submicrometer crystals of aluminum oxide by aqueous intravesicular precipitation, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 135, 531–538.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Bhandarkar, S., Bose, A. (1990) Synthesis of nanocomposite particles by intravesicular coprecipitation, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 139, 541–550.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Markowitz, M. A,, Chow, G.-M., Singh, A. (1994) Polymerised phospholipid membrane mediated synthesis of metal nanoparticles, Langmuir 10, 4095–4102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Yaacob, I. I., Nunes, A. C., Bose, A., Shah, D. 0. (1994) Synthesis and characterisation of magnetic nanoparticles in spontaneously generated vesicles, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 168, 289–301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Rajam, S., Heywood, B. R., Walker, J. B. A,, Mann, S., Davey, R. J., Birchall, J. D. (1991) Oriented crystallisation of calcium carbonate under compressed monolayers. Part 1. Morphological studies of mature crystals, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 87, 727–734.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Heywood, B. R., Rajam, S., Mann, S. (1991) Oriented crystallisation of calcium carbonate under compressed monolayers. Part 2. Morphology, structure and growth of immature crystals, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 87, 735–743.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Heywood, B. R., Mann, S. (1992) Crystal recognition at inorganic-organic interfaces: Nucleation and growth of oriented BaS04 under compressed Langmuir Monolayers, Adv. Mater. 4, 278–282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Heywood, B. R., Mann, S. (1992) Organic template-directed inorganic crystallisation: oriented nucleation of barium sulphate under compressed Langmuir monolayers, J. Am. Chem. SOC. 114, 4681–4686.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Douglas, T., Mann, S. (1994) Oriented Nucleation of Gypsum (CaS04.2H2O) under Compressed Langmuir Monolayers, Muter. Sci. Eng. CI, 193–199.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Xu, G., Yao, N., Aksay, 1. A,, Groves, J. T. (1998) Biomimetic Synthesis of Macroscopic-Scale Calcium Carbonate Thin Films. Evidence for a Multistep Assembly Process, J. Am. Chem. SOC. 120, 11977–11985.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Xu, X., Zhao, X. K., Fendler, J. H. (1990) Ultrasmall semiconductor particles sandwiched between surfactant headgroups in Langmuir-Blodgett films, Adv. Muter. (Weinheim, Fed. Repub. Ger.) 2, 183–185.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Yi, K. C., Fendler, J. H. (1990) Template-directed semiconductor size quantitation at monolayer-water interfaces and between the headgroups of Langmuir-Blodgett films, Langmuir 6, 1519–1521.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Scoberg, D. J., Grieser, F., Furlong, D. N. (1991) Control of size and composition of chalcogenide colloids in Langmuir-Blodgett films, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 515–517.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Zhu, R., Min, G., Wei, Y., Schmitt, H. J. (1992) Scanning tunnelling microscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy studies of lead sulphide ultrafine particles synthesised in Langmuir-Blodgett films, J. Phys. Chem. 96, 8210–8211.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Yang, J.; Meldrum, F. C., Fendler, J. H. (1995) Epitaxial Growth of Size-Quantified Cadmium Sulphide Crystals Under Arachidic Acid Monolayers, J. Phys. Chem. 99, 5500–5504.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Zhao, X. K., Yang, J., McCormick, L. D., Fendler, J. H. (1992) Epitaxial formation of lead sulphide crystals under arachidic acid monolayers, J. Phys. Chem. 96, 9933–9939.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Yang, J., Fendler, J. H., Jao, T. C., Laurion, T. (1994) Electron and atomic force microscopic investigations of lead selenide crystals grown under monolayers, Microsc. Res. Tech. 27, 402–411

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Yang, J., Fendler, J. H. (1995) Morphology Control of PbS Nanocrystallites, Epitaxially Grown under Mixed Monolayers, J. Phys. Chem. 99, 5505–5511.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Kotov, N. A,, Meldrum, F. C., Fendler, J. H. (1994) Monoparticulate Layers of Titanium Dioxide Nanocrystallites with Controllable Interparticle Distances, J. Phys. Cbem. 98, 8827–8830.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Meldrum, F. C., Kotov, N. A., Fendler, J. H. (1994) Preparation of Particulate Mono-and Multilayers from Surfactant-Stabilised, Nanosized Magnetite Crystallites, J. Phys. Chem. 98, 4506–4510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Meldrum, F. C., Kotov, N. A,, Fendler, J. H. (1995) Formation of Thin Films of Platinum, Palladium, and Mixed Platinum: Palladium Nanocrystallites by the Langmuir Monolayer Technique, Chem. Mater. 7, 1112–1116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. Guo, S.: Konopny, L., Popovitz-Biro, R.: Cohen, H., Porteanu, H., Lifshitz, E., Lahav, M. (1999) Thioalkanoates as Site-Directing Nucleating Centers for the Preparation of Patterns of CdS Nanoparticles within 3-D Crystals and LB Films of Cd Alkanoates, J. Am. Chem. SOC. 121, 9589–9598.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Yamaki, T., Asai, K., Ishigure, K. (1997) RBS analysis of Langmuir-Blodgett films bearing quantumsized CdS particles, Chem. Phys. Lett. 273, 376–380.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  95. Keller, S. W., Kim, H.-N., Mallouk, T. E. (1994) Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Intercalation Compounds and Heterostructures on Surfaces: Toward Molecular “Beaker” Epitaxy, J. Am. Chem. SOC. 116, 8817–8818.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Kotov, N. A,, Dekany, I., Fendler, J. H. (1995) Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly of Polyelectrolyte— Semiconductor Nanoparticle Composite Films, J Phys. Chem. 99, 13065–13069.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Ying, J. Y., Mehnert, C. P., Wong, M. S. (1999) Synthesis and applications of supramolecular-templated mesoporous materials, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 38, 56–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Kresge, C. T., Leonowicz, M. E., Roth, W. J., Vartuli, J. C., Beck, J. S. (1992) Ordered mesoporous molecular sieves synthesised by a liquid-crystal template mechanism, Nature, 359, 710–712.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  99. Beck, J. S., Vartuli, J. C., Roth, W. J., Leonowicz, M. E., Kresge, C. T., Schmitt, K. D., Chu, C. T.-W., Olson, D. H., Sheppard, E. W., McCullen, S. B., Higgins, J. B., Schlenker, J. L. (1992) A New Family of Mesoporous Molecular Sieves Prepared with Liquid Crystal Templates, J. Am. Chem. SOC. 114; 10834–10843.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. Chen, C. Y., Burkett, S. L., Li, H. X., Davis, M. E. (1993) Studies on mesoporous materials. 11. Synthesis mechanism of MCM-41, Microporous Mater. 2, 27–34.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Regev, 0. (1996) Nucleation Events during the Synthesis of Mesoporous Materials Using Liquid Crystalline Templating, Langmuir 12, 4940–4944.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Steel, A,, Carr, S. W., Anderson, M. W. (1994) 14N NMR study of surfactant mesophases in the synthesis of mesoporous silicates, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1571–1572.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Monnier, A,, Schuth, F., Huo, Q., Kumar, D., Margolese, D., Maxwell, R. S., Stucky, G. D., Krishnamurty, M., Petroff, P., Firouzi, A,, Janicke, M., Chmelka, B. F. (1993) Cooperative Formation of Inorganic-Organic Interfaces in the Synthesis of Silicate Mesostructures, Science 261, 1299–1303.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  104. Stucky, G. D., Monnier, A,, Schueth, F., Huo, Q., Margolese, D., Kumar, D., Krishnamurty, M., Petroff, P., Firouzi, A,, et al. (1994) Molecular and atomic arrays in nano-and mesoporous materials synthesis, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol., Sect. A 240, 187–200.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Attard, G. S., Glyde, J. C., Goltner, C. G. (1995) Liquid-crystalline phases as templates for the synthesis of mesoporous silica, Nature (London) 378. 366–368.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  106. Tanev, P. T.: Pinnavaia, T. J. (1995) A neutral templating route to mesoporous molecular sieves, Science(Washington, D. C.) 267, 865–867.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  107. Tanev, P. T., Pinnavaia, T. J. (1996) Mesoporous Silica Molecular Sieves Prepared by Ionic and Neutral Surfactant Templating: A Comparison of Physical Properties, Chem. Mater. 8, 2068–2079.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  108. Tanev, P. T., Pinnavaia, T. J. (1996) Biomimetic templating of porous lamellar silicas by vesicular surfactant assemblies, Science (Washington, D. C.) 271, 1267–1269.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  109. Bagshaw, S. A,, Prouzet, E., Pinnavaia, T. J. (1995) Templating of mesoporous molecular sieves by non-ionic polyethylene oxide surfactants, Science (Washington, D. C.) 269, 1242–1244.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  110. Schmidt-Winkel, P., Glinka, C. J., Stucky, G. D. (2000) Microemulsion Templates for Mesoporous Silica, Langmuir 16, 356–361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. Feng, P., Bu, X., Stucky, G. D., Pine, D. J. (2000) Monolithic mesoporous silica templated by microemulsion liquid crystals, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 994–995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. Cha, J. N., Stucky, G. D., Morse, D. E., Deming, T. J. (2000) Biomimetic synthesis of ordered silica structures mediated by block co-polypeptides, Nuture (London) 403, 289–292.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  113. Huo, Q., Margolese, D. I., Ciesla, U., Feng, P., Gier, T. E., Sieger, P., Leon, R., Petroff, P. M., Schueth, F., Stucky, G. D. (1994) Generalised synthesis of periodic surfactanthnorganic composite materials, Nature (London) 368, 317–321.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  114. Ciesla., U., Demuth, D., Leon, R., Petroff, P., Stucky, G., Unger, K., Schueth, F. (1994) Surfactant controlled preparation of mesostructured transition-metal oxide compounds, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1387–1388.

    Google Scholar 

  115. Antonelli, D. M., Ying, J. Y. (1995) Synthesis of hexagonally packed mesoporous Ti02 by a modified sol-gel method, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 2014–2017.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  116. Yang, P., Deng, T., Zhao, D., Feng, P., Pine, D., Chmelka, B. F., Whitesides, G. M., Stucky, G. D. (1998) Hierarchically ordered oxides, Science (Washington, D. C.) 282, 2244–2247.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  117. Yang, P., Zhao, D., Margolese, D. I., Chmelka, B. F., Stucky, G. D. (1999) Block Copolymer Templating Syntheses of Mesoporous Metal Oxides with Large Ordering Lengths and Semicrystalline Framework, Chem. Mater. II, 2813–2826.

    Google Scholar 

  118. Yang, H., Ozin, G. A,, Kresge, C. T. (1998) The role of defects in the formation of mesoporous silica fibres, films and curved shapes, Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.) 10, 883–887.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  119. Oliver, S., Kuperman, A., Coombs, N., Lough, A., Ozin, G. A. (1995) Lamellar aluminophosphates with surface patterns that mimic diatom and radiolarian microskeletons, Nature (London) 378, 47–50.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  120. Ozin, G. A,, Oliver, S. (1995) Skeletons in the beaker. Synthetic hierarchical inorganic materials, Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.) 7, 943–947.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  121. Coffer, J. L., Chandler, R. R. (1991) Nucleotides as structural templates for the self-assembly of quantum-confined cadmium sulphide crystallites, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 206, 527–531.

    Google Scholar 

  122. Bigham, S. R., Coffer, J. L. (1995) The influence of adenine content on the properties of Q-CdS clusters stabilised by polynucleotides, Colloids Surf A 95, 211–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  123. Coffer, J. L., Bigham, S. R., Li, X., Pinizzotto, R. F., Rho, Y. G., Pirtle, R. M., Pirtle, I. L. (1996) Dictation of the shape of mesoscale semiconductor nanoparticle assemblies by plasmid DNA, Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 3851–3853.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  124. Braun, E., Eichen, Y., Sivan, U., Ben-Yoseph, G. (1998) DNA-templated assembly and electrode attachment of a conducting silver wire, Nature (London) 391, 775–778.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  125. Cassell, A. M., Scrivens, W. A,, Tour, J. M. (1998) Assembly of DNA/fullerene hybrid materials, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 37, 1528–1531.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  126. Seeman, N. C. (1998) DNA nanotechnology: novel DNA constructions, Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 27, 225–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  127. Shchepinov, M. S., Mir, K. U., Elder, J. K., Frank-Kamenetskii, M. D., Southern, E. M. (1999) Oligonucleotide dendrimers: stable nano-structures, Nucleic Acids Res. 27, 3035–3041

    Article  Google Scholar 

  128. Alivisatos, A. P., Johnsson, K. P., Peng, X., Wilson, T. E., Loweth, C. J., Bruchez, M. P., Jr., Schultz, P. G. (1996) Organisation of ‘nanocrystal molecules’ using DNA, Nuture (London) 382, 609–611.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  129. Loweth, C. J., Caldwell, W. B., Peng, X., Alivisatos, A. P., Schultz, P. G. (1999) DNA-based assembly of gold nanocrystals, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 38, 1808–1812.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  130. Mirkin, C. A,, Letsinger, R. L., Mucic, R. C., Storhoff, J. J. (1996) A DNA-based method for rationally assembling nanoparticles into macroscopic materials, Nature (London) 382, 607–609.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  131. Storhoff, J. J., Elghanian, R., Mucic, R. C., Mirkin, C. A,, Letsinger, R. L. (1998) One-Pot Colorimetric Differentiation of Polynucleotides with Single Base Imperfections Using Gold Nanoparticle Probes, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120, 1959–1964.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  132. Mucic, R. C., Storhoff, J. J., Mirkin, C. A,, Letsinger, R. L. (1998) DNA-Directed Synthesis of Binary Nanoparticle Network Materials, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120, 12674–12675.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  133. Mitchell, G. P., Mirkin, C. A., Letsinger, R. L. (1999) Programmed Assembly of DNA Functionalised Quantum Dots, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121, 8122–8123

    Google Scholar 

  134. Hines, M. A,, Guyot-Sionnest, P. (1996) Synthesis and Characterisation of Strongly Luminescent ZnS-Capped CdSe Nanocrystals, J. Phys. Chem. 100, 468–471.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  135. Storhoff, J. J., Mucic, R. C., Mirkin, C. A. (1997) Strategies for organising nanoparticles into aggregate structures and functional materials, J. Cluster Sei. 8, 179–216.

    Google Scholar 

  136. Storhoff, J. J., Mirkin, C. A. (1999) Programmed Materials Synthesis with DNA, Chem. Rev, (Washington, D. C.) 99, 1849–1862.

    Google Scholar 

  137. Dameron, C. T., Smith, B. R., Winge, D. R. (1989) Glutathione-coated cadmium sulphide crystallites in Candida glabrata, J. Bid Chem. 264. 17355–17360.

    Google Scholar 

  138. Dameron, C. T., Reese, R. N., Mehra, R. K., Kortan, A. R.: Carroll, P. J., Steigenvald, M. L., Brus, L. E., Winge, D. R. (1989) Biosynthesis of cadmium sulphide quantum semiconductor crystallites, Nature (London) 338, 596–597.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  139. Holmes, J., Smith, P. R., Evans-Gowing, R., Richardson, D. J., Russel, D. A,, Sodeau, J. R. (1995) Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis of the extracellular cadmium sulphide crystallites of Klebsiella aerogenes, Arch. Microbiol. 163, 143–147.

    Google Scholar 

  140. Holmes, J. D., Richardson, D. J., Saed, S.. Evans-Gowing, R., Russell, D. A., Sodeau, J. R. (1997) Cadmium-specific formation of metal sulphide “Q-particles” by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Microbiology (Reading, U. K.) 143, 2521–2530.

    Google Scholar 

  141. Holmes, J. D., Smith, P. R., Evans-Gowing, R., Richardson, D. J., Russell, D. A,, Sodeau, J. R. (1995) Bacterial photoprotection through extracellular cadmium sulphide crystallites, Photochem. Photobiol. 62, 1022–1026.

    Google Scholar 

  142. Smith, P. R., Holmes, J. D., Richardson, D. J., Russell, D. A., Sodeau, J. R. (1998) Photophysical and photochemical characterisation of bacterial semiconductor cadmium sulphide particles, J Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 94, 1235–1241.

    Google Scholar 

  143. Fritz, M., Belcher, A. M., Radmacher, M., Walters, D. A., Hansma, P. K., Stucky, G. D., Morse, D. E., Mann, S. (1994) Flat pearls from biofabrication of organised composites on inorganic substrates, Nature (London) 371, 49–51.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  144. Murray, C. B., Kagan, C. R., Bawendi, M. G. (1995) Self-organisation of CdSe nanocrystallites into three-dimensional quantum dot superlattices, Science (Washington, D. C,) 270, 1335–1338.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  145. Andres, R. P., Bielefeld, J. D., Henderson, J. I., Janes, D. B., Kolagunta, V. R., Kubiak, C. P., Mahoney, W. J., Osifchin, R. G. (1996) Self-assembly of a two-dimensional superlattice of molecularly linked metal clusters, Science (Washington, D. C.) 273, 1690–1693.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  146. Shenton, W., Davis, S. A., Mann, S. (1999) Directed self-assembly of nanoparticles into macroscopic materials using antibody-antigen recognition, Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.) 11, 449–452.

    Google Scholar 

  147. Li, M., Wong, K. K. W., Mann, S. (1999) Organisation of Inorganic Nanoparticles Using Biotin-Streptavidin Connectors, Chem. Mater. 11, 23–26.

    Google Scholar 

  148. Connolly, S., Fitzmaurice, D. (1999) Programmed assembly of gold nanocrystals in aqueous solution, Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.) 11, 1202–1205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  149. Whaley, S. R., English, D. S., Hu, E. L., Barbara, P. F., Belcher, A. M. (2000) Selection of peptides with semiconductor binding specificity for directed nanocrystal assembly, Nature (London) 405, 665–668.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  150. Fendler, J. H. (1987) Atomic and molecular clusters in membrane mimetic chemistry, Chem. Rev. 87, 877–899.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  151. Pileni, M. P. (1997) Nanosized Particles Made in Colloidal Assemblies, Langmuir 13, 3266–3276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122-2585, USA

    Aleksey Nedoluzhko & Trevor Douglas

Authors
  1. Aleksey Nedoluzhko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Trevor Douglas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Interdisciplinaire Research Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kortrijk, Belgium

    Marcel De Cuyper

  2. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Jeff W. M. Bulte

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Nedoluzhko, A., Douglas, T. (2001). Biomimetic Materials Synthesis. In: De Cuyper, M., Bulte, J.W.M. (eds) Physics and Chemistry Basis of Biotechnology. Focus on Biotechnology, vol 7. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46891-3_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46891-3_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-7091-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-306-46891-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation