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Evolution of freshwater Diaporthomycetidae (Sordariomycetes) provides evidence for five new orders and six new families

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Abstract

Cancellidium is a remarkable fungal genus which has been collected from wood submerged in freshwater and has unique conidia that are important in dispersal in running streams. With such a remarkable morphology, one would have expected it to be a distinct family or order. However, due to the dearth of molecular evidence in related taxa, this genus has previously been placed in the order Hypocreales, subclass Hypocreomycetidae of Sordariomycetes. In this study, we made three new collections of this remarkable aquatic genus from streams in China and Thailand, isolated them into culture, extracted DNA and carried out multigene phylogenetic analysis and divergence time estimation which placed the genus in Diaporthomycetidae. This is one of the seven subclasses of Sordariomycetes and contains 30 lineages that are only known from freshwater. The subclass is therefore of interest when considering the evolution of freshwater fungi. Several lineages of Diaporthomycetidae are morphologically unique and taxa cluster with strong support, but have weak support at the base of the trees. The phylogenetic and MCC trees generated in this study indicate that Aquapteridospora, Barbatosphaeriaceae, Bullimyces, Cancellidium, Ceratolenta, Conlarium, Phialemoniopsis, Pseudostanjehughesia and Rhamphoriaceae are distinct genera/families that evolved in the family/order time frame. The new orders Barbatosphaeriales (177 MYA), Cancellidiales (137 MYA), Ceratolentales (147 MYA), Conlariales (138 MYA) and Rhamphoriales (133 MYA) and six new families, Aquapteridosporaceae (110 MYA), Cancellidiaceae (137 MYA), Ceratolentaceae (81 MYA), Bullimycetaceae (81 MYA), Phialemoniopsaceae (59 MYA), and Pseudostanjehughesiaceae (111 MYA) are introduced with evidence from phylogenies, divergence estimates and distinct morphologies. Of these families, Aquapteridosporaceae, Cancellidiaceae, Bullimycetaceae, and Pseudostanjehughesiaceae are only known from freshwater.

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Acknowledgments

K.D. Hyde thanks Chiang Mai University for the award of a Visiting Professor. K.D. Hyde also thanks the Thailand Research Fund for the grant RDG6130001MS, Impact of climate change on fungal diversity and biogeography in the Greater Mekong Subregion. S. Honsanan would like to thank National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project ID: 31950410548). J. Yang would like to thank Prof. Zuoyi Liu for the financial support of the lab work in China. D.F. Bao would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project ID: 31660008 and 31860006), Fungal diversity conservation and utilization innovation team of Dali University (ZKLX2019213).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand

    Kevin D. Hyde, K. W. Thilini Chethana & Jing Yang

  2. Research Centre of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Ultilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    Kevin D. Hyde, Dan-Feng Bao & Nakarin Suwannarach

  3. Innovative Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510225, PR China

    Kevin D. Hyde

  4. Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    Dan-Feng Bao

  5. College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Dali University, Dali, 671003, Yunnan, PR China

    Dan-Feng Bao

  6. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China

    Sinang Hongsanan

  7. School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand

    K. W. Thilini Chethana

  8. Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China

    Jing Yang

  9. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    Nakarin Suwannarach

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  1. Kevin D. Hyde
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Hyde, K.D., Bao, DF., Hongsanan, S. et al. Evolution of freshwater Diaporthomycetidae (Sordariomycetes) provides evidence for five new orders and six new families. Fungal Diversity 107, 71–105 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00469-7

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