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Sympatric lineage divergence in cryptic Neotropical sweat bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Lasioglossum)

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Abstract

Given ongoing biodiversity decline, an important concern is that a large fraction of species diversity is not yet documented. Correct delimitation of species remains a challenge, especially for small and morphologically uniform groups such as sweat bees (Halictidae). Here, we applied an integrative taxonomic approach to study diversity within the Neotropical sweat bee subgenus Dialictus (genus Lasioglossum). We used four statistical methods to delimit species based on cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene sequences: Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), two variants of the General Mixed Yule Coalescent (single-threshold (stGMYC) and Bayesian (bGMYC)) and the Refined Single Linkage analysis (RESL). We detected eight principal molecular operational taxonomic units (mOTUs). Subsequently, these lineages were evaluated using ten nuclear microsatellite loci and morphological and ecological analyses. Most mOTUs could be differentiated using microsatellites and morphology (82 % identified correctly), further supporting the status of mOTUs as independent biological units. For the two most widespread mOTUs, we analysed intra-lineage geographic variation using microsatellites but did not detect additional substructuring. We further tested if the lineages showed predictable patterns of co-occurrence and habitat preferences. While we did not find any evidence of preferential association or disassociation between taxa, we detected a slight positive effect of high crop cover favouring the abundance of some lineages. We show that integrated approaches using statistical analysis of DNA barcodes jointly with additional data can provide robust and objective means of delimiting species in morphologically difficult groups.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the CONACYT-EU project FONCICYT 94293 (Mutualismos y abejas en paisajes tropicales) and SEP-CONACyT 103341 (Conservación de las abejas sin aguijón de México) for financial support. We thank Julie Osgood for her help with microsatellite genotyping and Ricardo Ayala, Remy Vandame, Philippe Sagot and Jason Gibbs for comments, bibliography and insights to define the best characters for morphological analyses. Panagiotis Theodorou provided statistical help. Finally, we would like to thank the Deutsche Akademische Austauschdienst (DAAD) for grants provided to P.L.G. and Julie Osgood.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany

    Patricia Landaverde-González, Tomás E. Murray, Robert J. Paxton & Martin Husemann

  2. Departamento de Apicultura Tropical, Campus Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5, C.P. 97100, Mérida, Mexico

    Humberto Moo-Valle & José Javier G. Quezada-Euán

  3. National Biodiversity Data Centre, Waterford, Ireland

    Tomás E. Murray

  4. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany

    Robert J. Paxton

  5. Centrum für Naturkunde, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther King Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany

    Martin Husemann

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  1. Patricia Landaverde-González
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Landaverde-González, P., Moo-Valle, H., Murray, T.E. et al. Sympatric lineage divergence in cryptic Neotropical sweat bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Lasioglossum). Org Divers Evol 17, 251–265 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-016-0307-1

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