Abstract
Bacterial strain Eg2T, an anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile, and non-spore-forming coccus, was isolated from human faeces. The optimal temperature for its growth was 37°C. Oxidase activity was negative, but catalase activity was positive. The strain was able to hydrolyze esculin and to produce acids from the fermentation of several substrates, including glucose. Lactic and acetic acids were the main products of glucose fermentation. The major fatty acids present in this strain were C16:0, C14:0, and C18:1 cis11 DMA. The G+C content was 43.4 mol%. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain Eg2T was closely related to species of the genus Ruminococcus (96.3% similarity to R. torques and 96.2% similarity to R. lactaris), and its taxonomic position was placed within the Clostridium cluster XIVa. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genotypic, and phylogenetic evidence, we propose that this novel strain be assigned to the genus Ruminococcus and be named Ruminococcus faecis sp. nov. The type strain is Eg2T (=KCTC 5757T =JCM 15917T).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Backhed, F., R.E. Ley, J.L. Sonnenburg, D.A. Peterson, and J.I. Gordon. 2005. Host-bacterial mutualism in the human intestine. Science 307, 1915–1920.
Baker, G.C., J.J. Smith, and D.A. Cowan. 2003. Review and re-analysis of domain-specific 16S primers. J. Microbiol. Methods 55, 541–555.
Chun, J., J.H. Lee, Y. Jung, M. Kim, S. Kim, B.K. Kim, and Y.W. Lim. 2007. EzTaxon: A web-based tool for the identification of prokaryotes based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 57, 2259–2261.
Collins, M.D., P.A. Lawson, A. Willems, J.J. Cordoba, J. Fernandez-Garayzabal, P. Garcia, J. Cai, H. Hippe, and J.A. Farrow. 1994. The phylogeny of the genus Clostridium: proposal of five new genera and eleven new species combinations. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44, 812–826.
Devillard, E., D.B. Goodheart, S.K. Karnati, E.A. Bayer, R. Lamed, J. Miron, K.E. Nelson, and M. Morrison. 2004. Ruminococcus albus 8 mutants defective in cellulose degradation are deficient in two processive endocellulases, Cel48A and Cel9B, both of which possess a novel modular architecture. J. Bacteriol. 186, 136–145.
Domingo, M.C., A. Huletsky, M. Boissinot, K.A. Bernard, F.J. Picard, and M.G. Bergeron. 2008. Ruminococcus gauvreauii sp. nov., a glycopeptide-resistant species isolated from a human faecal specimen. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 58, 1393–1397.
Eckburg, P.B., E.M. Bik, C.N. Bernstein, E. Purdom, L. Dethlefsen, M. Sargent, S.R. Gill, K.E. Nelson, and D.A. Relman. 2005. Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora. Science 308, 1635–1638.
Felsenstein, J. 1981. Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: A maximum likelihood approach. J. Mol. Evol. 17, 368–376.
Frank, D.N., A.L. St. Amand, R.A. Feldman, E.C. Boedeker, N. Harpaz, and N.R. Pace. 2007. Molecular-phylogenetic characterization of microbial community imbalances in human inflammatory bowel diseases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104, 13780–13785.
Gonzalez, J.M. and C. Saiz-Jimenez. 2002. A fluorimetric method for the estimation of G+C mol% content in microorganisms by thermal denaturation temperature. Environ. Microbiol. 4, 770–773.
Hattori, M. and T.D. Taylor. 2009. The human intestinal microbiome: A new frontier of human biology. DNA Res. 16, 1–12.
Kluge, A.G. and F.S. Farris. 1969. Quantitative phyletics and the evolution of anurans. Syst. Zool. 18, 1–32.
Kumar, S., M. Nei, J. Dudley, and K. Tamura. 2008. MEGA: A biologist-centric software for evolutionary analysis of DNA and protein sequences. Brief Bioinform. 9, 299–306.
Ley, R.E., M. Hamady, C. Lozupone, P.J. Turnbaugh, R.R. Ramey, J.S. Bircher, M.L. Schlegel, and et al. 2008. Evolution of mammals and their gut microbes. Science 320, 1647–1651.
MIDI. 1999. Sherlock Microbial Identification System Operating Manual, version 3.0. Newark, MIDI, Inc., DE, USA.
Moore, W.E.C., J.L. Johnson, and L.V. Holdeman. 1976. Emendation of Bacteroidaceae and Butyrivibrio and descriptions of Desulfomonas gen. nov. and ten new species in the genera Desulfomonas, Butyrivibrio, Eubacterium, Clostridium, and Ruminococcus. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 26, 238–252.
Rincon, M.T., J.C. Martin, V. Aurilia, S.I. McCrae, G.J. Rucklidge, M.D. Reid, E.A. Bayer, R. Lamed, and H.J. Flint. 2004. ScaC, an adaptor protein carrying a novel cohesin that expands the dockerin-binding repertoire of the Ruminococcus flavefaciens 17 cellulosome. J. Bacteriol. 186, 2576–2585.
Saitou, N. and M. Nei. 1987. The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol. 4, 406–425.
Sasser, M. 1990. Identification of bacteria by gas chromatography of cellular fatty acids. USFCC Newsl. 20, 16.
Simmering, R., D. Taras, A. Schwiertz, G. Le Blay, B. Gruhl, P.A. Lawson, M.D. Collins, and M. Blaut. 2002. Ruminococcus luti sp. nov., isolated from a human faecal sample. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 25, 189–193.
Stackebrandt, E. and B.M. Goebel. 1994. Taxonomic note: A place for DNA-DNA reassociation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis in the present species definition in bacteriology. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44, 846–849.
Thompson, J.D., T.J. Gibson, F. Plewniak, F. Jeanmougin, and D.G. Higgins. 1997. The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: Flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 25, 4876–4882.
Turnbaugh, P.J., R.E. Ley, M. Hamady, C.M. Fraser-Liggett, R. Knight, and J.I. Gordon. 2007. The human microbiome project. Nature 449, 804–810.
Wang, M., S. Ahrne, B. Jeppsson, and G. Molin. 2005. Comparison of bacterial diversity along the human intestinal tract by direct cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 54, 219–231.
Wayne, L.G., D.J. Brenner, and R.R. Colwell. 1987. Report of the ad hoc committee on reconciliation of approaches to bacterial systematics. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 37, 463–464.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kim, MS., Roh, S.W. & Bae, JW. Ruminococcus faecis sp. nov., isolated from human faeces. J Microbiol. 49, 487–491 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-0505-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-0505-7