Skip to main content
Log in

Multi-detection method for the fast screening of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether conjugates in the can-coating material

  • Brief Communication
  • Published:
Journal of Coatings Technology and Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Untargeted screening high-pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the bisphenol A diglycidyl ether conjugates (BADGEs) present in the can-coating material was developed. The method was based on the detection of ions [M+H]+, [M+NH4]+, [M+Na]+ and the respective product ions formed as a result of the cone voltage-induced fragmentation, mainly those at m/z 135, 191, and 207. The method allowed the detection of the most common and most abundant BADGEs present in the can-coating materials, namely H2O, BuEtOH, and BPA adducts.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Scheme 1
Fig. 1
Fig. 2

References

  1. Poole, A, Van Herwijnen, P, Weideli, H, Thomas, MC, Ransbotyn, G, Vance, C, “Review of the Toxicology, Human Exposure and Safety Assessment for Bisphenol A Diglycidylether (BADGE).” Food Addit. Contam., 21 905–919 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Simal-Gándara, J, Paz-Abuín, S, Ahrné, L, “A Critical Review of the Quality and Safety of BADGE-Based Epoxy Coatings for Cans: Implications for Legislation on Epoxy Coatings for Food Contact.” Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 38 675–688 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Lestido-Cardama, A, Loureiro, PV, Sendón, R, Losada, PP, De Quirós, ARB, “Application of Chromatographic Analysis for Detecting Components from Polymeric Can Coatings and Further Determination in Beverage Samples.” J. Chromatogr. A, 1638 461886 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Berger, U, Oehme, M, “Identification of Derivatives of Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether and Novolac Glycidyl Ether in Can Coatings by Liquid Chromatography/Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry.” J. AOAC Int., 83 1367–1376 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Paseiro-Cerrato, R, DeVries, J, Begley, TH, “Evaluation of Short-Term and Long-Term Migration Testing from Can Coatings into Food Simulants: Epoxy and Acrylic-Phenolic Coatings.” J. Agric. Food Chem., 65 2594–2602 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. García, RS, Losada, PR, “Determination of Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether and Its Hydrolysis and Chlorohydroxy Derivatives by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.” J. Chromatogr. A, 1032 37–43 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Hwang, JB, Lee, S, Lee, JE, Choi, JC, Park, S-J, Kang, Y, “LC-MS/MS Analysis of BADGE, NOGEs, and Their Derivatives Migrated from Food and Beverage Metal Cans.” Food. Addit. Contam. Part A, 37 1974–1984 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Zhang, H, Xue, M, Zou, Y, Dai, Z, Lin, K, “Simultaneous Determination of NOGE-Related and BADGE-Related Compounds in Canned Food by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.” Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 398 3165–3174 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Lestido-Cardama, A, Sendón, R, Bustos, J, Santillana, MI, Losada, PP, De Quirós, ARB, “Multi-Analyte Method for the Quantification of Bisphenol Related Compounds in Canned Food Samples and Exposure Assessment of the Spanish Adult Population.” Food Packag. Shelf Life, 28 100671 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bradley, E, Driffield, M, Harmer, N, Oldring, PKT, Castle, L, “Identification of Potential Migrants in Epoxy Phenolic Can Coatings.” Int. J. Polym. Anal., 13 200–223 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Míguez, J, Herrero, C, Quintás, I, Rodríguez C, Gigosos PG, Mariz OC, “A LC-MS/MS Method for the Determination of BADGE-Related and BFDGE-Related Compounds in Canned Fish Food Samples Based on the Formation of [M + NH4]+ Adducts.” Food Chem., 135 1310–1315 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Yonekubo, J, Hayakawa, K, Junko Sajiki, J, “Concentrations of Bisphenol A, Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether, and Their Derivatives in Canned Foods in Japanese Markets.” J. Agric. Food Chem., 56 2041–2047 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Zou, Y, Lin, S, Chen, S, Zhang, H, “Determination of Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether, Novolac Glycidyl Ether and their Derivatives Migrated from Can Coatings Into Foodstuff by UPLC-MS/MS.” Eur. Food Res. Technol., 235 231–244 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Buré, C, Lange, C, “Comparison of Dissociation of Ions in an Electrospray Source, or a Collision Cell in Tandem Mass Spectrometry.” Curr. Org. Chem., 7 1613–1624 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Zaremba, I, Frański, R, Kasperkowiak, M, “Differentiation of Isomeric Heptylamines by In-Source Collision-Induced Dissociation of [M+H]+ Ions.” Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 33 848–856 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Zhu, P, Zhou, L, Jiang, K, Su, W, Van Schepdael, A, Adams, E, “Diastereomer Recognition of Three Pairs of Tetracyclines by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry.” Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 36 e9221 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Kasperkowiak, M, Beszterda, M, Bańczyk, I, Frański, R, “Differentiation of Bisphenol F Diglycidyl Ether Isomers and Their Derivatives by HPLC-MS and GC-MS—Comment on the Published Data.” Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 413 1893–1903 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Beszterda, M, Kasperkowiak, M, Frańska, M, Jęziołowska, S, Frański, R, “Ethoxylated Butoxyethanol-BADGE Adducts—New Potential Migrants from Epoxy Resin Can Coating Material.” Materials, 14 3682 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Biedermann, S, Zurfluh, M, Grob, K, Vedani, A, Brüschweiler, BJ, “Migration of Cyclo-diBA from Coatings into Canned Food: Method of Analysis, Concentration Determined in a Survey and In Silico Hazard Profiling.” Food Chem. Toxicol., 58 107–115 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Gallart-Ayala, H, Moyano, E, Galceran, MT, “Fast Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Bisphenol A-Diglycidyl Ether, Bisphenol F-Diglycidyl Ether and Their Derivatives in Canned Food and Beverages.” J. Chromatogr. A, 1218 1603–1610 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Paseiro Losada, P, Simal Lozano, J, Paz Abuin, S, López Mahia, P, Simal Gándara, J, “Kinetics of the Hydrolysis of Bisphenol Diglycidyl Ether (BADGE) in Water-Based Food Simulants.” J. Anal. Chem., 345 527–532 (1993)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Lestido Cardama, A, Sendón, R, Bustos, J, Santillana, MI, Paseiro Losada, P, Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós, A, “GC-MS Screening for the Identification of Potential Migrants Present in Polymeric Coatings of Food Cans.” Polymers, 11 2086 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported in part by the National Science Centre, Poland, within the frame of the grant Miniatura 3 no. 2019/03/X/NZ9/01576.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

Monika Beszterda did conceptualization; Monika Beszterda, Magdalena Tądrowska, and Rafał Frański provided methodology and formal analysis and investigation; Monika Beszterda and Rafał Frański were involved in writing—original draft preparation, writing—review and editing, and funding acquisition.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Monika Beszterda.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 205 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Beszterda, M., Tądrowska, M. & Frański, R. Multi-detection method for the fast screening of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether conjugates in the can-coating material. J Coat Technol Res 19, 1901–1907 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-022-00668-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-022-00668-0

Keywords

Navigation