ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND
Clinicians have difficulty in identifying patients that are unlikely to adhere to hypertension self-management. Identifying non-adherence is essential to addressing suboptimal blood pressure control and high costs.
OBJECTIVES
1) To identify risk factors associated with non-adherence to three key self-management behaviors in patients with hypertension: proper medication use, diet, and exercise; 2) To evaluate the extent to which an instrument designed to identify the number of risk factors present for non-adherence to each of the three hypertension self-management behaviors would be associated with self-management non-adherence and blood pressure.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional analysis of randomized trial data.
PATIENTS
Six hundred and thirty-six primary care patients with hypertension.
MEASUREMENTS
1) Demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and health belief-related factors; 2) measures of self-reported adherence to recommended medication use, diet recommendations, and exercise recommendations, all collected at baseline assessment; 3) systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP).
RESULTS
We identified patient factors associated with measures of non-adherence to medications, diet, and exercise in hypertension. We then combined risk factors associated with ≥1 adherence measure into an instrument that generated three composite variables (medication, diet, and exercise composites), reflecting the number of risk factors present for non-adherence to the corresponding self-management behavior. These composite variables identified subgroups with higher likelihood of medication non-adherence, difficulty following diet recommendations, and difficulty following exercise recommendations. Composite variable levels representing the highest number of self-management non-adherence risk factors were associated with higher SBP and DBP.
CONCLUSIONS
We identified factors associated with measures of non-adherence to recommended medication use, diet, and exercise in hypertension. We then developed an instrument that was associated with non-adherence to these self-management behaviors, as well as with blood pressure. With further study, this instrument has potential to improve identification of non-adherent patients with hypertension.
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Acknowledgements
The Take Control of Your Blood Pressure study is supported by a NHLBI grant R01 HL070713, a Pfizer Foundation Health Communication Initiative award, and Established Investigator Award from the American Heart Association to the last author, who was also supported by a research career scientist award from the VA Health service research and development (VA HSR&D 08-027). The first author is supported in part by a NIDDK grant R01 DK074672 and HHSA290-2007-10066-I-TO6. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
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The authors declare that they do not have a conflict of interest.
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Crowley, M.J., Grubber, J.M., Olsen, M.K. et al. Factors Associated with Non-Adherence to Three Hypertension Self-Management Behaviors: Preliminary Data for a New Instrument. J GEN INTERN MED 28, 99–106 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-012-2195-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-012-2195-1