Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The auxin-induced K+ channel gene Zmk1 in maize functions in coleoptile growth and is required for embryo development

  • Published:
Plant Molecular Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The transcript level and in turn protein density of the K+-uptake channel ZMK1 in maize (Zea mays) coleoptiles is controlled by the phytohormone auxin. ZMK1 is involved in auxin-regulated coleoptile elongation as well as gravi- and phototropism. To provide unequivocal evidence for the role of ZMK1 in these elementary processes we screened for maize plants containing a Mutator-tagged Zmk1 gene. In a site-selected approach, we were able to identify three independent alleles of Mutator-transposon insertions in Zmk1. zmk1-m1::Mu1 plants were characterised by a Mu1 transposon inside intron 1 of ZMK1. When we analysed the Zmk1-transcript abundance in growing coleoptiles of these homozygous mutants, however, we found the K+-channel allele overexpressed. In consequence, elevated levels of K+-channel transcripts resulted in a growth phenotype as expected from more efficient K+-uptake, representing a central factor for turgor formation. Following Zmk1 expression during maize embryogenesis, we found this K+-channel gene constitutively expressed throughout embryo development and upregulated in late stages. In line with a vital role in embryogenesis, the mutations of exon 2 and intron 2 of Zmk1-zmk1-m2::Mu8 and zmk1-m3::MuA2-caused a lethal, defective-kernel phenotype. Thus, these results demonstrate the central role of the auxin-regulated K+-channel gene Zmk1 in coleoptile growth and embryo development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

ZMK1:

Zea mays K+ channel 1

Mutator :

Mu

IAA:

indole-3-acetic acid

TEA:

tetraethylammonium

References

  • EC Abbe OL Stein (1954) ArticleTitleThe growth of the shoot apex in maize: embryogeny Am J Bot 41 285–293 Occurrence Handle10.2307/2438600

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • RS Bandurski (1998) ArticleTitleMetabolic targets for control of IAA levels in maize Proc 25th Annu Meeting Plant Growth Regul Soc Am 26 181–186

    Google Scholar 

  • A Barkan RA Martienssen (1991) ArticleTitleInactivation of maize transposon Mu suppresses a mutant phenotype by activating an outward-reading promoter near the end of Mu1 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88 3502–3506 Occurrence Handle1849660 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXisVajsr4%3D Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.88.8.3502

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JL Bennetzen (1996) ArticleTitleThe Mutator transposable element system of maize Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 204 195–229 Occurrence Handle8556867 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XlvFOhsQ%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JL Bennetzen J Swanson WC Taylor M Freeling (1984) ArticleTitleDNA insertion in the first intron of maize Adh1 affects message levels: cloning of progenitor and mutant Adh1 alleles Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81 4125–4128 Occurrence Handle6330742 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXlt1Cjtb4%3D Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.81.13.4125

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RJ Bensen GS Johal VC Crane JT Tossberg PS Schnable RB Meeley SP Briggs (1995) ArticleTitleCloning and characterization of the maize An1 gene Plant Cell 7 75–84 Occurrence Handle7696880 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjsVyjsbs%3D Occurrence Handle10.1105/tpc.7.1.75

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SL Blauth KN Kim J Klucinec JC Shannon D Thompson M Guiltinan (2002) ArticleTitleIdentification of mutator insertional mutants of starch-branching enzyme 1 (sbe1) in Zea mays L Plant Mol Biol 48 287–297 Occurrence Handle11855730 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XhtlWrsrw%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1013335217744

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J Callis M Fromm V Walbot (1987) ArticleTitleIntrons increase gene expression in cultured maize cells Genes Dev 1 1183–1200 Occurrence Handle2828168 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXhsVCnt7k%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JG Chen H Ullah JC Young MR Sussman AM Jones (2001) ArticleTitleABP1 is required for organized cell elongation and division in Arabidopsis embryogenesis Genes Dev 15 902–911 Occurrence Handle11297513 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXivVamsLs%3D Occurrence Handle10.1101/gad.866201

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M Claussen H Lüthen M Blatt M Böttger (1997) ArticleTitleAuxin-induced growth and its linkage to potassium channels Planta 201 227–234 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXhsVCqt70%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF01007708

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • C Darwin (1880) The power of movements in plants John Murray Albemarle Street, London

    Google Scholar 

  • L Das R Martiensen (1995) ArticleTitleSite-selected transposon mutagenesis at the hcf106 locus in maize Plant Cell 7 287–294 Occurrence Handle7734963 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXks1ChsLk%3D Occurrence Handle10.1105/tpc.7.3.287

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • L Giudice ParticleDel F Manna DR Massardo M Motto P Alifano K Wolf (1990) ArticleTitleThe Mu1 transposable element of maize contains two promoter signals recognized by the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase Mol Gen Genet 222 76

    Google Scholar 

  • S Dellaporta (1994) Plant DNA miniprep and microprep: versions 2.1–2.3 M Freeling V Walbot (Eds) The maize handbook Springer-Verlag New York, Inc New York 522–525

    Google Scholar 

  • M Demarty C Morvan M Thellier (1978) ArticleTitleExchange properties of isolated cell walls of Lemna minor L Plant Phys 62 477–481 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXjt1Wg

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D Edwards J Coghill J Batley M Holdsworth KJ Edwards (2002a) ArticleTitleAmplification and detection of transposon insertion flanking sequences using fluorescent MuAFLP BioTechniques 32 1090–1097 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjsFGnurs%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D Edwards D Stevenson A Forsyth M Hegarty J Batley M Holdsworth KJ Edwards (2002b) ArticleTitleIdentification of transposon-tagged maize genes displaying homology to arrayed cDNA clones with the use of mutator insertion display Genome Lett 1 48–55 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XktFCrsr8%3D Occurrence Handle10.1166/gl.2002.001

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • H Felle W Peters K Palme (1991) ArticleTitleThe electrical response of maize to auxins Biochim Biophys Acta 1064 199–204 Occurrence Handle1827995 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXkt1Kjur0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/0005-2736(91)90302-O

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HH Felle S Hanstein R Steinmeyer R Hedrich (2000) ArticleTitleDynamics of ionic activities in the apoplast of the sub-stomatal cavity of intact Vicia faba leaves during stomatal closure evoked by ABA and darkness Plant J 24 297–304 Occurrence Handle11069703 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXoslejurg%3D Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313x.2000.00878.x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • C Fischer-Iglesias B Sundberg G Neuhaus AM Jones (2001) ArticleTitleAuxin distribution and transport during embryonic pattern formation in wheat Plant J 26 115–129 Occurrence Handle11389754 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXkvVSgu7Y%3D Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.01013.x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M Freeling V Walbot (1994) The maize handbook Springer-Verlag New York, Inc New York

    Google Scholar 

  • I Frias MT Caldeira JR Perez-Castineira JP Navarro-Avino FA Culianez-Macia O Kuppinger H Stransky M Pages A Hager R Serrano (1996) ArticleTitleA major isoform of the maize plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase: characterization and induction by auxin in coleoptiles Plant Cell 8 1533–1544 Occurrence Handle8837507 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XlvFOksro%3D Occurrence Handle10.1105/tpc.8.9.1533

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J Friml (2003) ArticleTitleAuxin transport – shaping the plant Curr Opin Plant Biol 6 7–12 Occurrence Handle12495745 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XpsFegsrc%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1369526602000031

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J Friml K Palme (2002) ArticleTitlePolar auxin transport – old questions and new concepts? Plant Mol Biol 49 273–284 Occurrence Handle12036254 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XktlSqtrc%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1015248926412

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J Friml E Benkova U Mayer K Palme G Muster (2003) ArticleTitleAutomated whole mount localisation techniques for plant seedlings Plant J 34 115–124 Occurrence Handle12662314 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjsVarsr4%3D Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01705.x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • S Fu R Meeley MJ Scanlon (2002) ArticleTitleEmpty pericarp2 encodes a negative regulator of the heat shock response and is required for maize embryogenesis Plant Cell 14 3119–3132 Occurrence Handle12468731 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhtFClsw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1105/tpc.006726

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • I Fuchs K Philippar K Ljung G Sandberg R Hedrich (2003) ArticleTitleBlue light regulates an auxin-induced K+-channel gene in the maize coleoptile Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 11795–11800 Occurrence Handle14500901 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXotFKmurY%3D Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.2032704100

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A Hager H Menzel A Krauss (1971) ArticleTitleVersuche und Hypothese zur Primärwirkung des Auxins beim Streckungswachstum Planta 100 47–75 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE3MXlt1yksr8%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00386886

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A Hager G Debus HG Edel H Stransky R Serrano (1991) ArticleTitleAuxin induces exocytosis and the rapid synthesis of a high-turnover pool of plasma-membrane proton ATPase Planta 185 527–537 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38Xjs1aq Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00202963

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M Iino C Long X Wang (2001) ArticleTitleAuxin- and abscisic acid-dependent osmoregulation in protoplasts of Phaseolus vulgaris pulvini Plant Cell Phys 42 1219–1227 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXos1Omsro%3D Occurrence Handle10.1093/pcp/pce157

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M Kawai H Uchimiya (2000) ArticleTitleColeoptile senescence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Ann Bot 86 405–414 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXltlOqsL0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1006/anbo.2000.1199

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CP Keller E Volkenburgh ParticleVan (1996) ArticleTitleOsmoregulation by oat coleoptile protoplasts – effect of auxin Plant Phys 110 1007–1016 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xhs1Gitro%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SE Lid RB Meeley Z Min S Nichols OA Olsen (2004) ArticleTitleKnock-out mutants of two members of the AGL2 subfamily of MADS-box genes expressed during maize kernel development Plant Sci 167 575–582 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXlsFOqtLk%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.04.031

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D Lisch (2002) ArticleTitleMutator transposons Trends Plant Sci 7 498–504 Occurrence Handle12417150 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xotlyltb8%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1360-1385(02)02347-6

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • G Lohse R Hedrich (1992) ArticleTitleCharacterization of the plasma membrane proton ATPase from Vicia faba guard cells modulation by extracellular factors and seasonal changes Planta 188 206–214 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38Xls1Oktbk%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00216815

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BP May H Liu E Vollbrecht L Senior PD Rabinowicz D Roh X Pan L Stein M Freeling D Alexander R Martienssen (2003) ArticleTitleMaize-targeted mutagenesis: a knockout resource for maize Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 11541–11546 Occurrence Handle12954979 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXotFKmtrs%3D Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.1831119100

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • B McClintock (1950) ArticleTitleThe origin and behavior of mutable loci in maize Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 36 344–355 Occurrence Handle15430309 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaG3c%2FjvF2nsw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.36.6.344

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RB Meeley SP Briggs (1995) ArticleTitleReverse genetics for maize Maize Genet Newslett 69 67–82

    Google Scholar 

  • M Mena BA Ambrose RB Meeley SP Briggs MF Yanofsky RJ Schmidt (1996) ArticleTitleDiversification of C-function activity in maize flower development Science 274 1537–1540 Occurrence Handle8929416 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xnt1ansb4%3D Occurrence Handle10.1126/science.274.5292.1537

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MG Neuffer WF Sheridan (1980) ArticleTitleDefective kernel mutants of maize. I. Genetic and lethality studies Genetics 95 929–944 Occurrence Handle17249053

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • OA Olsen (2001) ArticleTitleEndosperm development: cellularization and cell fate specification Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 52 233–267 Occurrence Handle11337398 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXkslWgsLg%3D Occurrence Handle10.1146/annurev.arplant.52.1.233

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • K Philippar I Fuchs H Lüthen S Hoth C Bauer K Haga G Thiel K Ljung G Sandberg M Böttger D Becker R Hedrich (1999) ArticleTitleAuxin-induced K+ channel expression represents an essential step in coleoptile growth and gravitropism Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 12186–12191 Occurrence Handle10518597 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmvVGjtL4%3D Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.96.21.12186

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • K Philippar D Becker K Ljung G Sandberg K Edwards R Hedrich (2000) ArticleTitleLiving with gravity Trends Plant Sci 5 86–87 Occurrence Handle10707070 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MvnslKnug%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1360-1385(00)01568-5

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • K Philippar K Büchsenschütz M Abshagen I Fuchs D Geiger B Lacombe R Hedrich (2003) ArticleTitleThe K+ channel KZM1 is capable to mediate potassium uptake into the phloem and guard cells of the C4 grass Zea mays J Biol Chem 278 16973–16981 Occurrence Handle12611901 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjsVKntbc%3D Occurrence Handle10.1074/jbc.M212720200

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • K Philippar N Ivashikina P Ache M Christian H Luthen K Palme R Hedrich (2004) ArticleTitleAuxin activates KAT1 and KAT2, two K+-channel genes expressed in seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana Plant J 37 815–827 Occurrence Handle14996216 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjtFChurw%3D Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1365-313X.2003.02006.x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • G Plesch T Ehrhardt B Mueller-Roeber (2001) ArticleTitleInvolvement of TAAAG elements suggests a role for Dof transcription factors in guard cell-specific gene expression Plant J 28 455–464 Occurrence Handle11737782 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XmtVGhug%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313X.2001.01166.x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DL Rayle R Cleland (1970) ArticleTitleEnhancement of wall loosening and elongation by acid solutions Plant Phys 46 250–253 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE3MXivV2i Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.46.2.250

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • N Rober-Kleber JTP Albrechtova S Fleig N Huck W Michalke E Wagner V Speth G Neuhaus C Fischer-Iglesias (2003) ArticleTitlePlasma membrane H-ATPase is involved in auxin-mediated cell elongation during wheat embryo development Plant Phys 131 1302–1312 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXisFels7w%3D Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.013466

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DS Robertson (1978) ArticleTitleCharacterization of a mutator system in maize Mutat Res/Fund Mol Mech Mutagen 51 21–28 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0027-5107(78)90004-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J Sambrook EF Fritsch T Maniatis (1989) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Cold Spring Harbor, NY

    Google Scholar 

  • MJ Scanlon PS Stinard MG James AM Myers DS Robertson (1994) ArticleTitleGenetic analysis of 63 mutations affecting maize kernel development isolated from Mutator stocks Genetics 136 281–294 Occurrence Handle8138165 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByuC1cngsFc%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MJ Scanlon DC Henderson B Bernstein (2002) ArticleTitleSEMAPHORE1 functions during the regulation of ancestrally duplicated knox genes and polar auxin transport in maize Development 129 2663–2673 Occurrence Handle12015294 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XltVyhsbs%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • G Thiel R Weise (1999) ArticleTitleAuxin augments conductance of K+ inward rectifier in maize coleoptile protoplasts Planta 208 38–45 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXit1ansrY%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/s004250050532

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • AA Very H Sentenac (2002) ArticleTitleCation channels in the Arabidopsis plasma membrane Trends Plant Sci 7 168–175 Occurrence Handle11950613 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjtVKntbw%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1360-1385(02)02262-8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • V Walbot (2000) ArticleTitleSaturation mutagenesis using maize transposons Curr Opin Plant Biol 3 103–107 Occurrence Handle10712955 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXisVKjsb4%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1369-5266(99)00051-5

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D Weijers G Jürgens (2005) ArticleTitleAuxin and embryo axis formation: the ends in sight? Curr Opin Plant Biol 8 32–37 Occurrence Handle15653397 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXkvFCrsg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.pbi.2004.11.001

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FW Went (1926) ArticleTitleOn growth-accelerating substances in the coleoptile of Avena sativa Proc Sect Sci, Koninklijke Akad Wetenschappen Amsterdam 30 10–19

    Google Scholar 

  • S Yanagisawa RJ Schmidt (1999) ArticleTitleDiversity and similarity among recognition sequences of Dof transcription factors Plant J 17 209–214 Occurrence Handle10074718 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhsV2gsLc%3D Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313X.1999.00363.x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • S Yanagisawa J Sheen (1998) ArticleTitleInvolvement of maize Dof zinc finger proteins in tissue-specific and light-regulated gene expression Plant Cell 10 75–89 Occurrence Handle9477573 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXoslGjug%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1105/tpc.10.1.75

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. Katrin Philippar

    Present address: Department für Biologie 1, Botanik III, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzingerstr. 67, D-80638, Munich, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Julius-von-Sachs-Institut, Lehrstuhl Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie und Biophysik, Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 , Wuerzburg, Germany

    Katrin Philippar, Kai Büchsenschütz & Rainer Hedrich

  2. Primary Industries Research Victoria, Department of Primary Industries, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia

    David Edwards

  3. Biozentrum Klein Flottbek und Botanischer Garten, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, D-22609, Hamburg, Germany

    Julia Löffler, Hartwig Lüthen & Erhard Kranz

  4. School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, B58 1UG, UK

    Keith J. Edwards

Authors
  1. Katrin Philippar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kai Büchsenschütz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. David Edwards
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Julia Löffler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hartwig Lüthen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Erhard Kranz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Keith J. Edwards
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Rainer Hedrich
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rainer Hedrich.

Additional information

GenBank accession numbers associated with this paper: AJ937281, X00913, X53604, X62251

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Philippar, K., Büchsenschütz, K., Edwards, D. et al. The auxin-induced K+ channel gene Zmk1 in maize functions in coleoptile growth and is required for embryo development. Plant Mol Biol 61, 757–768 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-006-0047-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-006-0047-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation