Abstract
The present study tries to offer a better understanding of transdiagnostic and specific correlates of externalizing problems in preadolescence. The first goal was to investigate which of the two categories of irrational beliefs (frustration intolerance and global evaluation of human worth) is more responsible for the manifestation of externalizing behaviors. The results claimed for dissociation in the cognitive profile of specific externalizing problems, frustration intolerance beliefs specifically predict unruly and disruptive behavior, and global evaluation of human worth specifically explained conduct disorder. The second goal of this research was to examine the role of dysfunctional anger in externalizing behaviors and results supported anger as a latent trait factor specific to externalizing problems. While for the most part of previous studies, externalizing factor was associated with a males, in the present study, this association was specific only for conduct disorder.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agiurgioaei, B. (2014). Measuring irrational beliefs across culture new directions in the rational emotive behavior therapy (Psy.D.). St. John’s University, New York, NY, USA. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1543358272/abstract/1CC8CCCF60904B56PQ/1.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Bardeen, J. R., Fergus, T. A., & Orcutt, H. K. (2013). Testing a hierarchical model of distress tolerance. Journal of Psychopathological Behavioral Assessment, 35, 495–505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-013-9359-0.
Bebane, S., Flowe, H. D., & Maltby, J. (2015). Re-refining the measurement of distress intolerance. Personality and Individual Differences, 85, 159–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.05.005.
Benas, J. S., & Gibb, B. E. (2008). Weight-related teasing, dysfunctional cognitions, and symptoms of depression and eating disturbances. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32, 143–160.
Bernard, M. E., & Cronan, F. (1999). The Child and Adolescents Scale of Irrationality: Validation data and mental health correlates. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 13, 121–131.
Caspi, A., Houts, R. M., Belsky, D. W., Goldman-Mellor, S. J., Harrington, H., Israel, S., et al. (2014). The p factor: One general psychopathology factor in the structure of psychiatric dis orders? Clinical Psychological Science, 2, 119–137. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702613497473.
Castellanos-Ryan, N., Brière, F. N., O’Leary-Barrett, M., Banaschewski, T., Bokde, A., Bromberg, U., et al. (2016). The structure of psychopathology in adolescence and its common personality and cognitive correlates. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125, 1039–1052. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000193.
Crawford, T. N., Cohen, P. R., Chen, H., Anglin, D. M., & Ehrensaft, M. (2009). Early maternal separation and the trajectory of borderline personality disorder symptoms. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 1013–1030. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579409000546.
Cummings, J. R., Bornovalova, M. A., Ojanen, T., Hunt, E., MacPherson, L., & Lejuez, C. (2013). Time doesn’t change everything: The longitudinal course of distress tolerance and its relationship with externalizing and internalizing symptoms during early adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41, 735–748. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-012-9704-x.
Daughters, S. B., Gorka, S. M., Magidson, J. F., MacPherson, L., & Seitz- Brown, C. J. (2013). The role of gender and race in the relation between adolescent distress tolerance and externalizing and internalizing psychopathology. Journal of Adolescence, 36, 1053–1065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.08.008.
Daughters, S. B., Lejuez, C. W., Danielson, C., Sargeant, M. N., Reynolds, E., Bornovalova, M. A., et al. (2006). Distress tolerance as a predictor of adolescent substance use. Poster presented at the 68th annual meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Scottsdale, Arizona.
Daughters, S. B., Reynolds, E. K., MacPherson, L., Kahler, C. W., Danielson, C. K., Zvolensky, M., et al. (2009). Distress tolerance and early adolescent externalizing and internalizing symptoms: the moderating role of gender and ethnicity. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 198–205.
David, D. (2015). Psihologia poporului român (The psychology of Romanian people). Iași, RO: Polirom.
David, D., Coteț, C., Matu, S., Mogoașe, C., & Ștefan, S. (2017). 50 years of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22514.
David, D., Schnur, J., & Belloiu, A. (2002). Another search for the “hot” cognitions: Appraisal, irrational beliefs, attributions, and their relation to emotion. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 20, 93–131. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019876601693.
David, D. O., Sucală, M., Coteț, C., Șoflău, R., & Vălenaș, R. (2019). Empirical research in REBT theory and practice. In W. Bernard & W. Dryden (Eds.), Advances in REBT. Theory, practice, research, measurement, prevention and promotion (pp. 79–100). Cham: Springer.
David, D., Trip, S., Decsei-Radu, A., Bora, C. & Livinți, R. (2010). M-PACI, Millon Pre-Adolescent Clinical Inventory. Technical Manual, Bucuresti, RO: GOS.
del Barrio, V., Aluja, A., & Spielberger, Ch. (2004). Anger assessment with the STAXI-CA: psychometric properties of a new instrument for children and adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 37, 227–244.
DeLisi, M., & Vaughn, M. G. (2014). Foundation for a temperament based theory of antisocial behavior and criminal justice system involvement. Journal of Criminal Justice, 42(1), 10–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2013.11.0.
DiGiuseppe, R., Doyle, A. K., Dryden, W., & Backx, W. (2014). A practitioner’s guide to rational-emotive therapy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
DiGiuseppe, R., & Kelter, J. (2006). Treating aggressive children: A Rational-Emotive Behavior systems approach. In Rational Emotive (Ed.), Ellis A, Bernard ME (pp. 257–280). Boston, MA: Behavioral approaches to childhood disorders. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-26375-6_9.
DiGiuseppe, R., & Tafrate, C. R. (2007). Understanding anger disorder. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Dinolfo, C., & Malti, T. (2013). Interpretive understanding, sympathy, and moral emotion attribution in oppositional defiant disorder symptomatology. Child Psychiatry Human Development, 44, 633–645. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-013-0357-y.
Dryden, W. (1999). Beyond LFT and discomfort disturbance: the case for the term “non-ego disturbance”. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 17, 165–200.
Ellis, A. (1971). 22 Ways to stop putting yourself down. Rational Living, 6(1), 8–15.
Ellis, A. (1979). Discomfort anxiety: A new cognitive behavioral construct. Part 1. Rational Living, 14(2), 3–8.
Ellis, A. (1980). Discomfort anxiety: A new cognitive behavioral construct. Part 2. Rational Living, 15(1), 25–30.
Ellis, A. (1994). Reason and emotion in psychotherapy: A comprehensive method of treating human disturbances, Revised and updated. New York, NY: Birch Lane Press.
Ellis, A. (2003). Early theories and practices of rational emotive behavior therapy and how they have been augmented and revised during the last three decades. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 21, 219–243.
Faith, M. A., Storch, E. A., Roberti, J. W., & Ledley, D. R. (2008). Recalled childhood teasing among non-clinical, non-college adults. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 30, 171–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-007-9062-0.
Fives, C. J., Kong, G., Fuller, J. R., & DiGiuseppe, R. (2011). Anger, aggression, and irrational beliefs in adolescents. Cognitive Therapy Research, 35, 199–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-009-9293-3.
Fossum, S., Handegård, B. H., Adolfsen, F., Vis, S. A., & Wynn, R. (2016). A meta-analysis of long-term outpatient treatment effects for children and adolescents with conduct problems. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(1), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0221-8.
Harrington, N. (2005). The frustration discomfort scale: Development and psychometric properties. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 12, 374–387.
Harrington, N. (2011). Frustration intolerance: Therapy issues and strategies. Journal of Rational - Emotive & Cognitive - Behaviral Therapy, 29(1), 4–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-011-0126-4.
Hawkins, A. K., Macatee, J. R., Guthrie, W., & Cougle, J. R. (2013). Concurrent and prospective relations between distress tolerance, life stressors, and anger. Cognitive Therapy Research, 37, 434–445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-012-9487-y.
Lahey, B. B., Rathouz, P. J., Keenan, K., Stepp, S. D., Loeber, R., & Hipwell, A. E. (2015). Criterion validity of the general factor of psychopathology in a prospective study of girls. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56, 415–422. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12300.
Leyro, T. M., Zvolensky, M. J., & Bernstein, A. (2010). Distress tolerance and psychopathological symptoms and disorders: A review of the empirical literature among adults. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 576–600. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019712.
Loth, A. K., Drabick, D. A. G., Leibenluft, E., & Hulvershorn, L. A. (2014). Do childhood externalizing disorders predict adult depression? A metaanalysis: Erratum. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42(7), 1115–1116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-014-9876-7.
Mahon, N. E., Yarcheski, A., Yarcheski, T. J., & Hanks, M. M. (2010). A meta-analytic study of predictors of anger in adolescents. Nursing Research, 59, 178–184. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNR.0b013e3181dbba04.
McMahon, J., & Vernon, A. (Eds.). (2010). Albert Ellis evolution of a revolution. Fort Lee, NJ: Barricade Books.
Miller-Johnson, S., Coie, D. J., Maumary-Gremaud, A., Bierman, K., & Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group. (2002). Peer rejection and aggression and early starter models of conduct disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30, 217–230.
Millon, Th, Tringone, R., Millon, C., & Grossman, S. (2005). Millon Pre-Adolescent Clinical Inventory (M-PACI). San Antonio, TX: Pearson.
Okado, Y., & Bierman, L. K. (2015). Differential risk for late adolescent conduct problems and mood dysregulation among children with early externalizing behavior problems. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43, 735–747. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-014-9931-4.
R Core Team. (2016). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/.
Roth, D. A., Coles, M. E., & Heimberg, R. G. (2002). The relationship between memories for childhood teasing and anxiety and depression in adulthood. Anxiety Disorders, 16, 149–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0887-6185(01)00096-2.
Silverman, S., & DiGiuseppe, R. (2001). Cognitive-behavioral constructs and children’s behavioral and emotional problems. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 19, 119–134.
Simons, J. S., & Gaher, R. M. (2005). The distress tolerance scale: Development and validation of a self-report measure. Motivation and Emotion, 29, 83–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-005-7955-3.
Smith, M. L., & Glass, G. V. (1977). Meta-analysis of psychotherapy outcome studies. American Psychologist, 32, 752–760.
Smith, P. K., Salmivalli, C., & Cowie, H. (2012). Effectiveness of school-based programs to reduce bullying: A commentary. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 8, 433–441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-012-9142-3.
Stancović, S., & Vukosavljević-Gvozden, T. (2011). The relationship of a measure of frustration intolerance with emotional dysfunction in a student sample. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 29(1), 17–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-011-0128-2.
Stitt, N., Francis, J. P. A., Field, M. A., & Carr, N. S. (2015). Positive association between reported childhoods peer teasing and adult borderline personality disorder symptoms. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 8, 137–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-015-0045-0.
Szentagotai, A., & Jones, S. J. (2010). The behavioral consequences of irrational beliefs. In D. David, S. J. Lynn, & A. Ellis (Eds.), Rational and irrational beliefs: Research, theory, and clinical practice (pp. 73–96). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Szentagotai, A., Schnur, J., DiGiuseppe, R., Macavei, B., Kallay, E., & David, D. (2005). The organization and the nature of irrational beliefs: schemas or appraisal?. Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies, 2, 139–158.
Toohey, M. J. (2019). REBT with Anger. In W. Dryden & M. Bernard (Eds.), REBT with diverse client problems and populations. New York, NY: Springer.
Trip, S. (2007). Educaţie raţional emotivă şi comportamentală: Formarea deprinderilor de gândire raţională la copii şi adolescenţi (Rational emotive behavioral education: Developing rational thinking skills in children and adolescents). Oradea, RO: University of Oradea Press.
Trip, S., & Bora, C. (2012a). Psychometric properties of low frustration tolerance scale for students. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Science, 33, 578–582.
Trip, S., & Bora, C. (2012b). A universal primary prevention program for aggressive behavior in secondary school. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Science., 33, 573–577.
Trip, S., Bora, C., Corodeanu, A., Harja, L., & Venter, D. (2010). Increasing tolerance in adolescents through rational emotive and behavioral education. Analele Universității din Oradea – Fascicula Psihologie, 18, 48–68.
Vîslă, A., Flückiger, C., Grosse Holtforth, M., & David, D. (2016). Irrational beliefs and psychological distress: A meta-analysis. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 85(1), 8–15. https://doi.org/10.1159/000441231.
Zvolensky, M. J., Vujanovic, A. A., Bernstein, A., & Leyro, T. M. (2010). Distress tolerance: Theory, measurement, and relations to psychopathology. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 406–410. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721410388642.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
James McMahon—deceased.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Trip, S., Bora, C.H., Roseanu, G. et al. Anger, Frustration Intolerance, Global Evaluation of Human Worth and Externalizing Behaviors in Preadolescence. J Rat-Emo Cognitive-Behav Ther 39, 238–255 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-020-00369-w
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-020-00369-w