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Polyhydroxyalkanoates in Gram-positive bacteria: insights from the genera Bacillus and Streptomyces

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Abstract

Gram-positive bacteria, notably Bacillus and Streptomyces, have been used extensively in industry. However, these microorganisms have not yet been exploited for the production of the biodegradable polymers, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Although PHAs have many potential applications, the cost of production means that medical applications are currently the main area of use. Gram-negative bacteria, currently the only commercial source of PHAs, have lipopolysaccharides (LPS) which co-purify with the PHAs and cause immunogenic reactions. On the other hand, Gram- positive bacteria lack LPS, a positive feature which justifies intensive investigation into their production of PHAs. This review summarizes currently available knowledge on PHA production by Gram- positive bacteria especially Bacillus and Streptomyces. We hope that this will form the basis of further research into developing either or both as a source of PHAs for medical applications.

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Abbreviations

dcw:

dry cell weight

HB:

hydroxybutyrate

HHp:

hydroxyheptanoate

HHx:

hydroxyhexanoate

HO:

hydroxyoctanoate

HP:

hydroxypyvalic acid

HV:

hydroxyvalerate

LPS:

lipopolysaccharide

mcl:

medium chain length

PHA:

Polyhydroxyalkanoate

phaA :

gene encoding β-ketothiolase

phaB :

gene encoding acetoacetyl-CoA reductase

phaC :

gene encoding PHA synthase

phaR :

gene encoding a subunit of the PHA synthase

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

scl:

short chain length

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the EPSRC, UK grant no. EP/C515617/1(P). S.P.Valappil was also provided financial support by the University of Westminster, London, UK.

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  1. Department of Molecular and Applied Biosciences, School of Biosciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, W1W 6UW, UK

    Sabeel P. Valappil, Christopher Bucke & Ipsita Roy

  2. Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2BP, UK

    Sabeel P. Valappil & Aldo R. Boccaccini

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  1. Sabeel P. Valappil
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Valappil, S.P., Boccaccini, A.R., Bucke, C. et al. Polyhydroxyalkanoates in Gram-positive bacteria: insights from the genera Bacillus and Streptomyces . Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 91, 1–17 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-006-9095-5

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