Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Lesbian perinatal depression and the heterosexism that affects knowledge about this minority population

  • Review article
  • Published:
Archives of Women's Mental Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The medical literature about homosexuality and mental health is expanding; however, a paucity of research about lesbian mental health remains. No research about lesbian perinatal depression has been published. This paper highlights the heterosexism that perpetuates research and health care disparities between heterosexual and lesbian/gay/bisexual individuals. We acknowledge barriers that distance lesbian women from research and health care, and emphasize the importance of moving beyond these barriers to fill in gaps of knowledge about the specific health care needs of this minority population. We use an analysis of stress factors as a framework to generate hypotheses about perinatal depression in lesbian women. We conclude with suggestions for future study in the form of questions that should be asked and pursued in research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Applegarth LD (1996) Emotional implications. In: Adashi EY, Rock JA, Rosenwaks Z (eds) Reproductive endocrinology, surgery, and technology. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, pp 1953–1968.

  • C Bagley AR D’Augelli (2000) ArticleTitleSuicidal behavior in gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth: it’s an international problem that is associated with homophobic legislation. BMJ 320 IssueID7250 1617–1618 Occurrence Handle10.1136/bmj.320.7250.1617 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3czhsVarsg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10856044

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • JM Bailey (1999) ArticleTitleHomosexuality and mental illness. Arch Gen Psychiatry 56 IssueID10 883–884 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1MvlvVaisg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10530627

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • JV Bailey J Kavanagh C Owen KA McLean CJ Skinner (2000) ArticleTitleLesbians and cervical screening. Br J Gen Pract 50 481–482 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvjt1Grsw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10962789

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baum MI (1996) Gays and lesbians choosing to be parents. In: Alexander CJ, Gay and lesbian mental health: a sourcebook for practitioners 6. Haworth Press, New York, 120–121.

  • DE Bontempo AR D’Augelli (2002) ArticleTitleEffects of at-school victimization and sexual orientation on lesbian, gay, or bisexual youths’ health risk behavior. J Adolesc Health 30 364–374 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1054-139X(01)00415-3 Occurrence Handle11996785

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • HMW Bos F van Balen DC van den Boom (2004) ArticleTitleExperience of parenthood, couple relationships, social support, and child-rearing goals in planned lesbian mother families. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 45 IssueID4 755–764 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00269.x Occurrence Handle15056307

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • GP Chrousos DJ Torpy PW Gold (1998) ArticleTitleInteractions between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the female reproductive system: clinical implications. Ann Intern Med 129 IssueID3 229–240 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1czkvVaqug%3D%3D Occurrence Handle9696732

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • SD Cochran VM Mays (2000) ArticleTitleRelation between psychiatric syndromes and behaviorally defined sexual orientation in a sample of the US population. Am J Epidemiol 151 IssueID5 516–523 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7ntVWqtg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10707921

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • SD Cochran JG Sullivan VM Mays (2003) ArticleTitlePrevalence of mental disorders, psychological distress, and mental health services use among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States. J Consult Clin Psychol 71 IssueID1 53–61 Occurrence Handle12602425

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • AR D’Augelli (2004) ArticleTitleHigh tobacco use among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth: mounting evidence about a hidden population’s health risk behavior. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 158 309–310 Occurrence Handle15066866

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • AR D’Augelli SL Hershberger NW Pilkington (1998) ArticleTitleLesbian, gay, and bisexual youth and their families: disclosure of sexual orientation and its consequences. Am J Orthopsychiatry 68 IssueID3 361–371 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1czltV2jtA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle9686289

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • SL Dibble SA Roberts B Nussey (2004) ArticleTitleComparing breast cancer risk between lesbians and their heterosexual sisters. Women’s Health Iss 14 60–68

    Google Scholar 

  • RG Dudley SuffixJr (2002) ArticleTitleOffering psychiatric opinion in legal proceedings when lesbian or gay sexual orientation is an issue. Ment Health Iss Lesb Gay Bisex Transgend Commun 3 37–70

    Google Scholar 

  • DM Fergusson LJ Horwood AL Beautrais (1999) ArticleTitleIs sexual orientation related to mental health problems and suicidality in young people? Arch Gen Psychiatry 56 IssueID10 876–880 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1MvlvVajuw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10530626

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • RC Friedman (1999) ArticleTitleHomosexuality, psychopathology, and suicidality. Arch Gen Psychiatry 56 IssueID10 887–888 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1MvlvVaisA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10530629

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • SE Gilman SD Cochran VM Mayes M Hughes D Ostrow RC Kessler (2001) ArticleTitleRisk of psychiatric disorders among individuals reporting same-sex sexual partners in the national comorbidity survey. Am J Public Health 91 IssueID6 933–939 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzhvVyqsg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle11392937

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • LF Gramling RL Carr NL McCain (2000) ArticleTitleFamily responses to disclosure of self-as-lesbian. Iss Ment Health Nurs 21 653–669 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD387itFGmsg%3D%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • EP Gruskin S Hart N Gordan L Ackerson (2001) ArticleTitlePatterns of cigarette smoking and alcohol use among lesbians and bisexual women enrolled in a large health maintenance organization. Am J Publ Health 91 IssueID6 976–979 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzhvVyqtQ%3D%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GM Herek DC Kimmel H Amaro GB Melton (1991) ArticleTitleAvoiding heterosexist bias in psychological research. Am Psychologist 46 IssueID9 957–963 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:By2D28jps1c%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • F Holsboer (2001) ArticleTitleStress, hypercortisolism and corticosteroid receptors in depression: implications for therapy. J Affect Disord 62 77–91 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0165-0327(00)00352-9 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlt1ykuro%3D Occurrence Handle11172875

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • KM Jordan RH Deluty (1998) ArticleTitleComing out for lesbian women: its relation to anxiety, positive affectivity, self-esteem, and social support. J Homosexuality 35 IssueID2 41–63 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1c7osFKjuw%3D%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • KS Kendler RC Kessler MC Neale AC Heath LJ Eaves (1993) ArticleTitleThe prediction of major depression in women: toward an integrated etiologic model. Am J Psychiatry 150 IssueID8 1139–1148 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByyA3Mfps1Y%3D Occurrence Handle8328557

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klinger R (2002) Lesbian Women. In: Kornstein SG, Clayton AH (eds) Women’s mental health: a comprehensive textbook. Guilford Press, New York, pp 555–567.

  • LA Kurdek (1988) ArticleTitlePerceived social support in gays and lesbians in cohabiting relationships. J Personal Soc Psychol 54 504–509 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:BieC1MbotlM%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LA Kurdek (2001) ArticleTitleDifferences between heterosexual-nonparent couples and gay, lesbian, and heterosexual-parent couples. J Fam Issues 22 IssueID6 727–754

    Google Scholar 

  • LA Kurdek JP Schmitt (1987) ArticleTitlePerceived emotional support from family and friends in members of homosexual, married, and heterosexual cohabiting couples. J Homosexuality 14 57–68 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:BieC3MnmtFI%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JB Lehmann CU Lehmann PJ Kelly (1998) ArticleTitleDevelopment and health care needs of lesbians. J Women’s Health 7 IssueID3 379–387 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1c3kt1Siuw%3D%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RJ Lewis VJ Derlega A Berndt LM Morris S Rose (2001) ArticleTitleAn empirical analysis of stressors for gay men and lesbians. J Homosexuality 41 IssueID1 63–88

    Google Scholar 

  • J Lock H Steiner (1999) ArticleTitleGay, lesbian, and bisexual youth risks for emotional, physical, and social problems: results from a community-based survey. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38 IssueID3 297–304 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1M7oslKmtw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10087691

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • AK Matthews TL Hughes T Johnson LA Razzano R Cassidy (2002) ArticleTitlePrediction of depressive distress in a community sample of women: the role of sexual orientation. Am J Publ Health 92 IssueID7 1131–1139

    Google Scholar 

  • D Merari D Feldberg A Elizur J Goldman B Modan (1992) ArticleTitlePsychological and hormonal changes in the course of in-vitro fertilization. J Assist Reprod Genet 9 161–169 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF01203757 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:By2A3s%2Fit10%3D Occurrence Handle1627933

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • EL Moses-Kolko MG Feintuch (2002) ArticleTitlePerinatal psychiatric disorders: a clinical review. Curr Probl Obstet Gynecol Fertil 25 IssueID3 61–112

    Google Scholar 

  • H Oetjen ED Rothblum (2000) ArticleTitleWhen lesbians aren’t gay: factors affecting depression among lesbians. J Homosexuality 39 IssueID1 49–73 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3czpslWjug%3D%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • KA O’Hanlan SL Dibble HJJ Hagan R Davids (2004) ArticleTitleAdvocacy for women’s health should include lesbian health. J Women’s Health 13 IssueID2 227–234

    Google Scholar 

  • MW O’Hara AM Swain (1996) ArticleTitleRates and risk of postpartum depression – a meta-analysis. Int Rev Psychiatry 8 37–54

    Google Scholar 

  • EJ Rankow (1995) ArticleTitleLesbian health issues for the primary care provider. J Fam Pract 40 486–493 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByqB2cfisFE%3D Occurrence Handle7730774

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • G Remafedi (1999) ArticleTitleSuicide and sexual orientation: nearing the end of controversy? Arch Gen Psychiatry 56 IssueID10 885–886 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1MvlvVaisw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10530628

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M Rosario EW Schrimshaw J Hunter (2004) ArticleTitlePredictors of substance use over time among gay, lesbian, and bisexual youths: an examination of three hypotheses. Addict Behav 29 1623–1631 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.02.032 Occurrence Handle15451129

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • ED Rothblum (1990) ArticleTitleDepression among lesbians: and invisible and unresearched phenomenon. J Gay Lesb Psychother 1 IssueID3 67–87

    Google Scholar 

  • SA Safren RG Heimberg (1999) ArticleTitleDepression, hopelessness, suicidality, and related factors in sexual minority and heterosexual adolescents. J Consult Clin Psychol 67 IssueID6 859–866 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2FmsVejtw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10596508

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • TG Sandfort R de Graaf RV Bijl P Schnabel (2001) ArticleTitleSame-sex sexual behavior and psychiatric disorders: findings from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Arch Gen Psychiatry 58 IssueID1 85–91 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M7jvFKiug%3D%3D Occurrence Handle11146762

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • JM Saunders SM Valente (1987) ArticleTitleSuicide risk among gay men and lesbians: a review. Death Studies 11 1–23

    Google Scholar 

  • K Skegg S Nada-Raja N Dickson C Paul S Williams (2003) ArticleTitleSexual orientation and self-harm in men and women. Am J Psychiatry 160 541–546 Occurrence Handle10.1176/appi.ajp.160.3.541 Occurrence Handle12611836

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Solarz AL, (ed) (1999) Lesbian health: current assessment and directions for the future. Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, pp 1–234.

  • L Wichstrom K Hegna (2003) ArticleTitleSexual orientation and suicide attempt: a longitudinal study of the general norwegian adolescent population. J Abnorm Psychol 112 IssueID1 144–151 Occurrence Handle10.1037/0021-843X.112.1.144 Occurrence Handle12653422

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • KL Wisner BL Parry CM Piontek (2002) ArticleTitlePostpartum depression. N Engl J Med 347 IssueID3 194–199 Occurrence Handle10.1056/NEJMcp011542 Occurrence Handle12124409

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Trettin, S., Moses-Kolko, E. & Wisner, K. Lesbian perinatal depression and the heterosexism that affects knowledge about this minority population. Arch Womens Ment Health 9, 67–73 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-005-0106-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-005-0106-8

Navigation