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Localization of an arabinogalactan protein epitope and the effects of Yariv phenylglycoside during zygotic embryo development of Arabidopsis thaliana

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Summary.

Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are a class of highly glycosylated proteins widely distributed in higher plants and thought to be involved in plant growth and development. In the present paper, Western blotting with the monoclonal antibodies JIM4, JIM13, and LM2 showed that JIM13 reacted best with total protein extracts from flowers and siliques of Arabidopsis thaliana. This monoclonal antibody was therefore used as a probe to localize the AGP epitope in zygotic embryos at different developmental stages. Immunofluorescent labeling with JIM13 showed that AGPs were mainly distributed in the embryo proper and the top 1 to 2 cells and basal part of suspensors. The results of immunogold labeling confirmed the JIM13 epitope distribution in the different cells of the suspensor. AGP immunofluorescence was also observed at the shoot apex meristem during transition from the globular to the heart embryo stage, but this gradually disappeared after the torpedo stage. After (β-D-Glc)3 Yariv phenylglycoside (βGlcY), a synthetic reagent that specifically binds to AGPs, was added to A. thaliana ovule culture medium, the survival rate and frequency of development of ovules at the zygote stage decreased in a concentration-dependent manner, with complete inhibition at 100 μM. The frequency of embryo differentiation from the globular stage to heart or later stages also decreased sharply. When βGlcY was removed 24 h after inoculation, the inhibitory effects were reversible in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. The results show that βGlcY can inhibit embryo development and differentiation in A. thaliana, and the inhibitory effects are concentration dependent and reversible, indicating that AGPs are involved in embryo differentiation and shoot meristem formation. The possible roles of AGPs in A. thaliana zygotic embryo development are also discussed.

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Abbreviations

AGPs:

arabinogalactan proteins

βGlcY:

(β-D-Glc)3 Yariv phenylglycoside

MAb:

monoclonal antibody

βManY:

(β-D-Man)3 Yariv phenylglycoside

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Plant Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan

    Ying Hu, Yuan Qin & Jie Zhao

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  1. Ying Hu
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  2. Yuan Qin
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  3. Jie Zhao
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Correspondence to Jie Zhao.

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Correspondence and reprints: Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Plant Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China.

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Hu, Y., Qin, Y. & Zhao, J. Localization of an arabinogalactan protein epitope and the effects of Yariv phenylglycoside during zygotic embryo development of Arabidopsis thaliana . Protoplasma 229, 21–31 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-006-0185-z

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