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AtPTR3, a wound-induced peptide transporter needed for defence against virulent bacterial pathogens in Arabidopsis

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Abstract

Mutation in the wound-induced peptide transporter gene AtPTR3 (At5g46050) of Arabidopsis thaliana has been shown to affect germination on media containing a high salt concentration. The heterologous expression in yeast was utilized to verify that the AtPTR3 protein transports di-and tripeptides. The T-DNA insert in the Atptr3-1 mutant in the Arabidopsis ecotype C24 revealed two T-DNA copies, the whole vector sequence, and the gus marker gene inserted in the second intron of the AtPTR3 gene. An almost identical insertion site was found in the Atptr3-2 mutant of the Col-0 ecotype. The AtPTR3 expression was shown to be regulated by several signalling compounds, most clearly by salicylic acid (SA), but also methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and abscisic acid. Real-time PCR experiments suggested that the wound-induction of the AtPTR3 gene was abolished in the SA and JA signalling mutants. The Atptr3 mutant plants had increased susceptibility to virulent pathogenic bacteria Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, and produced more reactive oxygen species when grown on media containing paraquat or rose bengal. Public microarray data suggest that the AtPTR3 expression was induced by Pseudomonas elicitors and by avirulent P. syringae pathovars and type III secretion mutants. This was verified experimentally for the hrpA mutant with real-time PCR. These results suggest that AtPTR3 is one of the defence-related genes whose expression is reduced by virulent bacterium by type III dependent fashion. Our results suggest that AtPTR3 protects the plant against biotic and abiotic stresses.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

coi :

Coronatine-insensitive

Col-0:

Columbia-0

DAB:

3,3′-Diaminobenzidine-4 HCl

fad :

Fatty acid desaturase

Gly:

Glycine

GS:

Glucosinolate

GUS :

β-Glucuronidase

IGS:

3-Indolylmethylglucosinolate

His:

Histidine

JA:

Jasmonic acid

hrp :

Hypersensitive response and virulence

hrc :

Hrp concerved

Leu:

Leucine

Met:

Methionine

MeJA:

Methyl jasmonate

NBT:

Nitroblue tetrazolium

npr :

Non-expressor of PR proteins

Phe:

Phenylalanine

PR:

Pathogenesis related

PTR:

Peptide transporter

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SA:

Salicylic acid

SAR:

Systemic acquired resistance

TAIR:

The Arabidopsis Information Resource

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center (Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA) for biological material, J.G. Turner (University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK) for coi1 seeds, J. Ryals (Paradigm Genetics, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA) for NahG seeds, J.A. Browse (Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA) for the triple fad seeds and Elina Roine (University of Helsinki, Finland) for the hrpA and hrcC mutant strains. Linda Strömbom and Neven Zoric at TATAA Biocenter (http://www.tataa.com) are thanked for help with the real-time PCR assays.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, University of Skövde, 54128, Skövde, Sweden

    Sazzad Karim, Kjell-Ove Holmström & Abul Mandal

  2. Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden

    Sazzad Karim

  3. Department of Cell and Molecular Biology/Microbiology, Göteborg University, Box 462, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden

    Peter Dahl & Stefan Hohmann

  4. Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Division of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Günter Brader & E. Tapio Palva

  5. Department of Applied Biology, University of Helsinki, Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Minna Pirhonen

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  1. Sazzad Karim
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Correspondence to Minna Pirhonen.

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Karim, S., Holmström, KO., Mandal, A. et al. AtPTR3, a wound-induced peptide transporter needed for defence against virulent bacterial pathogens in Arabidopsis . Planta 225, 1431–1445 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-006-0451-5

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