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Magmatic evolution of the Cadamosto Seamount, Cape Verde: beyond the spatial extent of EM1

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Abstract

The Cadamosto Seamount is an unusual volcanic centre from Cape Verde, characterised by dominantly evolved volcanics, in contrast to the typically mafic volcanic centres at Cape Verde that exhibit only minor volumes of evolved volcanics. The magmatic evolution of Cadamosto Seamount is investigated to quantify the role of magma-crust interaction and thus provide a perspective on evolved end-member volcanism of Cape Verde. The preservation of mantle source signatures by Nd–Pb isotopes despite extensive magmatic differentiation provides new insights into the spatial distribution of mantle heterogeneity in the Cape Verde archipelago. Magmatic differentiation from nephelinite to phonolite involves fractional crystallisation of clinopyroxene, titanite, apatite, biotite and feldspathoids, with extensive feldspathoid accumulation being recorded in some evolved samples. Clinopyroxene crystallisation pressures of 0.38–0.17 GPa for the nephelinites constrain this extensive fractional crystallisation to the oceanic lithosphere, where no crustal assimilants or rafts of subcontinental lithospheric mantle are available. In turn, magma-crust interaction has influenced the Sr, O and S isotopes of the groundmass and late crystallising feldspathoids, which formed at shallow crustal depths reflecting the availability of oceanic sediments and anhydrite precipitated in the ocean crust. The Nd–Pb isotopes have not been affected by these processes of magma-crust interaction and hence preserve the mantle source signature. The Cadamosto Seamount samples have high 206Pb/204Pb (>19.5), high εNd (+6 to +7) and negative Δ8/4Pb, showing affinity with the northern Cape Verde islands as opposed to the adjacent southern islands. Hence, the Cadamosto Seamount in the west is located spatially beyond the EM1-like component found further east. This heterogeneity is not encountered in the oceanic lithosphere beneath the Cadamosto Seamount despite greater extents of fractional crystallisation at oceanic lithospheric depths than the islands of Fogo and Santiago. Our data provide new evidence for the complex geometry of the chemically zoned Cape Verde mantle source.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful for technical assistance with laboratory analyses provided by Hans Harryson, Uppsala University, Dagmar Rau, IFM-GEOMAR, Fayrooza Rawoot, University of Cape Town, Anne Kelly, Kathy Keefe and Vincent Gallagher at SUERC and Wendy Abdi and Paul Middlested, G.G. Hatch Isotope Laboratories, University of Ottawa. We would like to thank Jörg Geldmacher and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive reviews. We thank the Swedish National Research Council, Vetenskapsrådet for support via grant Dnr: 2009-4316 to Barker and Troll.

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  1. Centre of Experimental Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry (CEMPEG), Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden

    A. K. Barker, V. R. Troll & A. Andersson

  2. Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC), East Kilbride, Scotland, UK

    R. M. Ellam

  3. IFM-GEOMAR, Leibniz-Institute of Marine Sciences, Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany

    T. H. Hansteen

  4. Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, 13 University Avenue, Upper Campus, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa

    C. Harris

  5. Department of Geology, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland

    C. J. Stillman

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  1. A. K. Barker
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Correspondence to A. K. Barker.

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Communicated by J. Hoefs.

Submitted to Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 16th April 2011.

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Barker, A.K., Troll, V.R., Ellam, R.M. et al. Magmatic evolution of the Cadamosto Seamount, Cape Verde: beyond the spatial extent of EM1. Contrib Mineral Petrol 163, 949–965 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0708-2

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