Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy/wasting is a serious complication of a wide range of diseases and conditions such as aging, disuse, AIDS, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, space travel, muscular dystrophy, chronic heart failure, sepsis, and cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is one of the most important signaling pathways linked to the loss of skeletal muscle mass in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Activation of NF-κB in skeletal muscle leads to degradation of specific muscle proteins, induces inflammation and fibrosis, and blocks the regeneration of myofibers after injury/atrophy. Recent studies employing genetic mouse models have provided strong evidence that NF-κB can serve as an important molecular target for the prevention of skeletal muscle loss. In this article, we have outlined the current understanding regarding the role of NF-κB in skeletal muscle with particular reference to different models of muscle wasting and the development of novel therapy.
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Abbreviations
- AP-1:
-
activator protein-1
- CHF:
-
chronic heart failure
- COPD:
-
chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder
- DMD:
-
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- IFN:
-
interferon
- IGF:
-
insulin growth factor
- IkB:
-
I kappa B
- IKK:
-
IkB kinase
- IL:
-
interleukin
- LGMD2A:
-
limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A
- LLC:
-
Lewis lung carcinoma
- MMP:
-
matrix metalloproteinase
- MuRF1:
-
muscle RING finger protein 1
- NF-κB:
-
nuclear factor-kappa B
- NIK:
-
NF-κB-inducing kinase
- iNOS:
-
inducible nitric oxide synthase
- PDTC:
-
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate
- PIF:
-
proteolysis-inducing factor
- TNF:
-
tumor necrosis factor
- TWEAK:
-
TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis
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Acknowledgments
We would like to apologize to the many researchers whose contributions were not cited due to our oversight or space limitation. This work was supported by RO1 grant AG029623 from National Institute of Health (to AK).
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Li, H., Malhotra, S. & Kumar, A. Nuclear factor-kappa B signaling in skeletal muscle atrophy. J Mol Med 86, 1113–1126 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-008-0373-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-008-0373-8