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Therapeutic changes in the occlusal plane inclination using intermaxillary elastics

Therapeutische Veränderungen der Neigung der Okklusalebene durch intermaxilläre Gummizüge

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Abstract

Aim

The goal of the study was the evaluation of opposing intermaxillary elastics concerning potential change in the occlusal plane inclination relative to relevant vertical structures.

Patients and methods

Thirty-two late adolescent, skeletally homogeneous patients (basal-sagittal relationship: neutral; basal-vertical: neutral; no transverse discrepancies) were treated either with Class II (group A; n=16) or Class III elastics (group B; n=16) for unimaxillary space closure. Mean wearing times were 26 (A) and 24 months (B). Cephalograms at the start and end of treatment were analyzed. Changes in the inclination of the occlusal plane (BOP according to Downs) relative to three reference planes (NL, ML, NSL), as well as changes in the reference planes toward each other underwent statistical testing with a two-tailed Student t-test.

Results

The occlusal plane shift differed significantly when opposing elastics were applied (p<0.001). The induced shift with Class II elastics (A) was clockwise, while Class III elastics were counterclockwise (A: NL-BOP: +0.9°, ML-BOP: −2.1°; B: NL-BOP: −3.1°, ML-BOP: +3°). Reference planes NL and ML underwent insignificant change towards one another (A: −1.2°; B: −0.1°). The maxillo-mandibular complex itself rotated counterclockwise toward the anterior cranial base (NSL) (A: NL-NSL: −0.8°, ML-NSL: −2°; B: NL-NSL: −0.6°, ML-NSL: −0.7°). Thus, almost no change in BOP (+0.1°, n.s.) relative to NSL was detected when Class II elastics were applied, whereas the use of Class III elastics led to a significant counterclockwise rotation (−3.7°, p<0.001)

Conclusion

Class III elastics enhance the physiologic inclination of the maxillo-mandibular complex at the level of the occlusal plane, whereas Class II elastics oppose or even eliminate the process.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel

Das Ziel der Studie ist die vergleichende Evaluierung gegenläufiger intermaxillärer Gummizüge (GZ) hinsichtlich einer möglichen Veränderung der Neigung der Okklusalebene relativ zu relevanten Bezugsebenen.

Patienten und Methodik

Zweiunddreißig spätadoleszente, skeletal homogene Patienten (basal – sagittal neutral, basal – vertikal ausgeglichen, ohne transversale Diskrepanzen) wurden wegen eines projektierten unimaxillären Lückenschlusses entweder mit bilateralen Klasse-II- (Gruppe A; n=16) oder Klasse-III-GZ (Gruppe B; n=16) behandelt. Die mittlere Tragedauer betrug 26 (A) bzw. 24 Monate (B). Die Anfangs- und Abschluss-FRS-Bilder wurden einer vergleichenden Analyse unterzogen. Die Veränderungen der Neigungen der Okklusalebene (BOP nach Downs) relativ zu drei Bezugsebenen (NL, ML, NSL) sowie die Neigungen der Bezugsebenen untereinander wurden einer statistischen Überprüfung mittels zweiseitigem t-Test unterzogen.

Ergebnisse

Die Okklusalebene wurde durch gegenläufige GZ signifikant unterschiedlich geschwenkt (p<0,001). Die Schwenkungen erfolgten durch Klasse-II-GZ (A) clockwise, durch Klasse-III-GZ (B) counterclockwise (A: NL – BOP: +0,9°, ML – BOP: −2,1°; B: NL – BOP: −3,1°, ML – BOP: +3°). Die Bezugsebenen NL und ML veränderten sich zueinander nur insignifikant (A: −1,2°; B: −0,1°). Der maxillomandibuläre Komplex rotierte gleichzeitig in toto counterclockwise in Richtung auf die vordere Schädelbasis (NSL) (A: NL-NSL: −0,8°, ML-NSL: −2°; B: NL-NSL: −0,6°, ML-NSL: −0,7°). Deshalb wurde bei der Bestimmung von Winkelveränderungen zwischen BOP und NSL nahezu kein (+0,1°) Unterschied gefunden, wenn Klasse-II-GZ zur Anwendung kamen (n.s.), wohingegen die Anwendung von Klasse-III-GZ zu einer relevanten Verringerung (−3,7°) des Winkels führte (p<0,001).

Schlussfolgerungen

Klasse-III-GZ verstärken den physiologischen Schwenkungsprozess des maxillomandibulären Komplexes auf dem Niveau der Okklusalebene, während Klasse-II-GZ diesem Prozess entgegenwirken und ihn sogar aufheben können.

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On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there are no conflicts of interest.

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Zimmer, B., Nischwitz, D. Therapeutic changes in the occlusal plane inclination using intermaxillary elastics. J Orofac Orthop 73, 377–386 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-012-0100-5

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