Abstract
Cigarette smoking increased during heroin self-administration in comparison to drug-free and methadone detoxification conditions in eight heroin addicts given naltrexone placebo (P<0.01) and three heroin addicts given buprenorphine placebo. Cigarette smoking was stable across conditions for one subject who did not use heroin during naltrexone blockade of heroin effects. Five subjects smoked significantly more (P<0.01) during the hour following a heroin injection than during the preceding hour, and two subjects in the same group smoked significantly less following a heroin injection (P<0.05). Subjects smoked significantly more during the evening and night when self-administering heroin than during baseline conditions (P<0.05), but subjects did not sleep significantly less during heroin self-administration. The peak of the intercigarette interval distribution remained between 16–30 min during baseline and heroin conditions. However, the increased smoking during heroin use appeared to reflect a higher rate of smoking rather than a generalized increase across intercigarette intervals. These data extend previous findings, that alcohol consumption is associated with increased cigarette smoking, to IV heroin self-administration.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Benvenuto, J. A., Lau, J., Cohen, R.: Patterns of nonopiate/polydrug abuse: Findings of a national collaborative research project. In: Problems of drug dependence, Proceedings of the 37th Annual Scientific Meeting, Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence, National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, pp. 234–254. Washington, D.C. 1975
Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program: Clinical depression of the central nervous system due to diazepam and chlordiazepoxide in relation to cigarette smoking and age. N. Engl. J. Med. 288, 277–280 (1973a)
Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program: Decreased clinical efficacy of propoxyphene in cigarette smokers. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 14, 259–263 (1973)
Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program: Drowsiness due to chlorpromazine in relation to cigarette smoking. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 31, 211–213 (1974)
Dreher, K. F., Fraser, J. G.: Smoking habits of alcoholic outpatients. Int. J. Addict. 2, 259–270 (1967)
Goldman, A.: Ladies and gentlemen-Lenny Bruce. New York: Random House 1974
Griffiths, R. R., Bigelow, G. E., Liebson, I.: Facilitation of human tobacco self-administration by ethanol: A behavioral analysis. J. Exp. Anal. Behav. 25, 279–292 (1976)
Gritz, E. R.: Smoking behavior and tobacco abuse. In: Advances in substance abuse, vol. 1, N.K. Mello, ed. Connecticut: JAI, in press, 1979
Gritz, E. R., Jarvik, M. E.: Nicotine and smoking. In: Handbook of psychopharmacology, vol. 3. L. L. Iversen, S. D. Iversen, S. H. Snyder, eds., pp. 425–464. New York: Plenum 1977
Jaffe, J. H.: Drug addiction and drug abuse. In: The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. L. S. Goodman, A. Gilman, eds., pp. 284–324. New York: Macmillan 1975
Jaffe, J. H.: Behavioral pharmacology of tobacco use. In: The basis of addiction, J. Fishman, ed., pp. 175–198. Berlin: Dahlem Konferenzen 1978
Jaffe, J. H., Jarvik, M. E.: Tobacco use and tobacco use disorder. In: Psychopharmacology: A generation of progress, M. A. Lipton, A. Dimascio, K. F. Killam, eds., pp. 1665–1676. New York: Raven 1978
Jarvik, M. E.: Biological factors underlying the smoking habit. Natl. Inst. Drug Abuse Res. Monogr. Ser. 17, 122–146 (1977)
Jarvik, M. E., Cullen, J. W., Gritz, E. R., Vogt, T. M., West, L. J., eds.: Research on smoking behavior. Natl. Inst. Drug Abuse Monogr. Ser. 17, pp. 381 (1977)
Jasinski, D. R., Pevnick, J. S., Griffith, J. D.: Human pharmacology and abuse potential of the analgesic buprenorphine. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 35, 601–616 (1978)
Jusko, W. J., Schentag, J. J., Clark, J. H., Gardner, M., Yurchk, A. M.: Enhanced biotransformation of theophylline in marihuana and tobacco smokers. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 24 406–410 (1978)
Kumar, R., Cooke, E. C., Lader, M. H., Russell, M. A. H.: Is nicotine important in tobacco smoking? Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 21, 520–529 (1977)
Lieber, C. S., DeCarli, L. M.: Ethanol oxidation by hepatic microsomes: Adaptive increase after ethanol feeding. Science 162, 917–918 (1968)
Maletzky, B. M., Klotter, J.: Smoking and alcoholism. Am. J. Psychiatry 131, 445–447 (1974)
Mansky, P. A.: Opiates: Human psychopharmacology. In: Handbook of psychopharmacology, vol. 12, L. L. Iversen, S. D. Iversen, S. H. Snyder, eds. pp. 95–185. New York: Plenum 1978
Marlatt, G. A., Rohsenow, D. J.: Cognitive processes in alcohol use: Expectancy and the balanced placebo design. In: Advances in substance abuse: Behavioral and biological research, N. K. Mello, ed. Connecticut: JAI, in press, 1979
Mello, N. K.: Stimulus self-administration: Some implications for the prediction of drug abuse hability. In: Predicting dependence liability of stimulant and depressant drugs, T. Thompson, K. R. Unna, eds., pp. 243–260. Baltimore: University Park 1977
Mello, N. K.: Control of drug self-administration: The role of aversive consequences. Natl. Inst. Drug Abuse Monogr. Ser. 21, 289–308 (1978)
Mello N. K., Mendelson, J. H.: Behavioral studies of sleep patterns in alcoholics during intoxication and withdrawal. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 175, 94–112 (1970)
Mello, N. K., Mendelson, J. H.: Alcohol and human behavior. In: Handbook of psychopharmacology, vol. 12, L. L. Iversen, S. D. Iversen, S. H. Snyder, eds., pp. 235–317 New York: Plenum 1978
Mello N. K., Mendelson, J. H.: Buprenorphine suppresses heroin use by heroin addicts. (Submitted for publication, 1979)
Mello, N. K., Mendelson, J. H., Kuehnle, J. C., Sellers, M. L.: Human polydrug use: Marihuana and alcohol. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 207, 922–935 (1978)
Mello, N. K., Mendelson, J. H., Sellers, M. L., Kuehnle, J. C.: Effects of alcohol and marihuana on tobacco smoking. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. in press (1979a)
Mello, N. K., Mendelson, J. H., Kuehnle, J. C., Sellers, M. S.: Operant analysis of human heroin self-administration: The effects of naltrexone. (Submitted for publication, 1979b)
Meyer, R. E., Mirin, S. M., eds.: The heroin stimulus, p. 254. New York: Plenum 1979
Parsons, W. D., Neims, A. H.: Effect of smoking on caffeine clearance. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 24, 40–45 (1978)
Rubin, E., Gang, H., Misra, P., Lieber, C. S.: Inhibition of drug metabolism by acute ethanol intoxication: A hepatic microsomal mechanism. Am. J. Med. 49, 800–806 (1970)
Russell, M. A. H.: Tobacco smoking and nicotine dependence. In: Research advances in alcohol and drug problems, R. J. Gibbins, Y. Israel, H. Kalant, R. E. Popham, W. Schmidt, R. G. Smart, eds., pp. 282–295 New York: Wiley 1976
Volle, R. L., Koelle, G. B.: Ganglionic stimulating and blocking agents. In: The pharmacological basis of therapeutics, L. S., Goodman, A. Gillman, eds., pp. 565–574. New York: Macmillan 1975
Walton, R. G.: Smoking and alcoholism: A brief report Am. J. Psychiatry 128, 1455–1459 (1972)
Wikler, A., Rasor, R. W.: Psychiatric aspects of drug addiction. Am. J. Med. 14, 566–570 (1953)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mello, N.K., Mendelson, J.H., Sellers, M.L. et al. Effects of heroin self-administration on cigarette smoking. Psychopharmacology 67, 45–52 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00427594
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00427594