Abstract
Privacy is a basic human need. It is anthropologically and psychologically rooted in the sense of shame and the need for bodily integrity, personal space, and intimacy in interpersonal relationships. Especially in modern Western cultures, it is understood as a necessary condition for individual autonomy, identity, and integrity (Altman 1975; Westin 1967; see also Margulis, this volume, Chap. 2). The desire for privacy is historically variable and has increased noticeably throughout the process of modernization. As Jürgen Habermas (1962) has shown in his seminal study The Transformation of the Public Sphere, this process led to the emergence of the private sphere as a corollary to the public sphere: the private sphere offers the protection and freedom necessary for the undisturbed growth and self-fulfillment of the modern subject, who then, as a citizen, can participate in exchanging opinions and forming public discourse in the communicative space of the public sphere.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Altman I (1975) The environment and social behavior: privacy, personal space, territory, crowding. Cole Publishing Company, Monterey, CA
Baker DJ (2008) Constitutionalizing the harm principle. Criminal Justice Ethics 27:3–28, Summer/Fall 2008
Bennett CJ, Raab CD (2006) The Governance of Privacy: Policy Instruments in Global Perspective, Cambridge, MA, London: MIT Press, 2 ed.
Bowie NE, Jamal K (2006) Privacy rights on the internet: self-regulation or government regulation? Bus Ethics Q 16(3):323–342
boyd d (2008) Facebook’s privacy trainwreck: exposure, invasion, and social convergence. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into Media Technologies 14(1):13–20
boyd d, Ellison NB (2008) Social network sites: definition, history, and scholarship. JComput-Mediat Commun 13:210–230.http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol13/issue1/boyd.ellison.html. Accessed 12 Jan 2011
Cate FH (1999) The changing face of privacy protection in the European Union and the United States. Ind L Rev 33:173–233
Christians CG (2010) The ethics of privacy. In: Meyers C (ed) Journalism ethics: a philosophical approach. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 203–214
Clark LA, Roberts SJ (2010) Employer’s use of social networking sites: a socially irresponsible practice. J Bus Ethics 95:507–525
Debatin B, Lovejoy J, Hughes B, Horn A (2009) Facebook and online privacy: attitudes, behaviors, and unintended consequences. J Comput-Mediat Commun 15(1):83–108. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01494.x/pdf Accessed 11 Jan 2011
ECHR (1950) European convention on human rights. Registry of the European Court of Human Rights 2010., http://www.echr.coe.int/NR/rdonlyres/D5CC24A7-DC13-4318-B457-5C9014916D7A/0/ENG_CONV.pdf Accessed 15 Dec 2010
Ellison N, Steinfield C, Lampe C (2007) The benefits of Facebook “friends”: exploring the relationship between college students’ use of online social networks and social capital. JComput-Mediat Commun 12, 4. http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol12/issue4/ellison.html Accessed 5 Dec 2010
EPIC (2010). Social Networking Privacy. Epic.Org Electronic Privacy Information Center. http://epic.org/privacy/socialnet/ Accessed 10 Dec 2010
European Parliament (1995). Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data. Official Journal L 281, 23/11/1995 P. 0031 – 0050. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31995L0046:en:HTML Accessed 15 Dec 2010
Fogel J, Nehmad E (2009) Internet social network communities: risk taking, trust, and privacy concerns. Comput Hum Behav 25:153–160
Gandy OH Jr (1993) The panoptic sort: a political economy of personal information. Westview Press, Boulder, CO
Gross R, Acquisti A (2005) Information revelation and privacy in online social networks. Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society (WPES). http://privacy.cs.cmu.edu/dataprivacy/projects/facebook/facebook1.pdf Accessed 22 Dec 2010
Habermas J (1962) Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit. Untersuchungen zu einer Kategorie der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft. Darmstadt: Luchterhand Verlag. English Edition: Habermas J (1989) The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a category of Bourgeois Society (trans. Burger, T.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Hodges L (2009) Privacy and the press. In: Wilkins L, Christians CG (eds) The handbook of media ethics. Routledge, New York, pp 276–287
Hornung G, Schnabel C (2009) Data protection in Germany I: the population census decision and the right to informational self-determination. Comput Law Security Review 25:84–88
Hoy MG, Milne G (2010) Gender differences in privacy-related measures for young adult facebook users. J Interactive Advertising 10(2):28–45
Ibrahim Y (2008) The new risk communities: social networking sites and risk. Int J Media Cult Polit 4(2):245–253
Jonas H (1984a) The imperative of responsibility: in search of ethics for the technological age. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
Jonas H (1984b) Warum wir heute eine Ethik der Selbstbeschränkung brauchen. In: Ströker E (ed) Ethik der Wissenschaften? Philosophische Fragen. Wilhelm Fink Verlag, München, Paderborn, Wien, Zürich, pp 75–86
Jones H, Soltren JH (2005) Facebook: threats to privacy (white paper, December 14, 2005). http://www-swiss.ai.mit.edu/6805/student-papers/fall05-papers/facebook.pdf. Accessed 12 Jan 2011
Jump K (2005) A new kind of fame: MU student garners a record 75,000 Facebook friends. Columbia Missourian, 1.9.2005. http://www.columbiamissourian.com/stories/2005/09/01/a-new-kind-of-fame/. Accessed 5 Jan 2011
Kant I (1964) Groundwork of the metaphysic of morals (trans. H.J. Paton). Harper & Row, New York (Original work published 1785 in German)
Leino-Kilpia H, Välimäki M, Dassen T, Gasull M, Lemonidou C, Scott A, Arndt M (2001) Privacy: a review of the literature. Int J Nurs Stud 38:663–671
Linklater A (2006) The harm principle and global ethics. Global Soc J Interdisciplinary Int Relat 20(3):329–343
Lombard E (2010) Bombing out: using full-body imaging to conduct airport searches in the United States and Europe amidst privacy concerns. Tul J Int Comp Law 19(1):337–367
Lynch J (2010). New FOIA documents reveal DHS social media monitoring during Obama inauguration. Electronic Frontier Foundation, 13.10.2010. http://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2010/10/new-foia-documents-reveal-dhs-social-mediaAccessed 11 Jan 2011
Mill JS (1991) On liberty and other writings. Oxford University Press, Oxford (Original work published 1841)
Mishna F, McLuckie A, Saini M (2009) Real-world dangers in an online reality: a qualitative study examining online relationships and cyber abuse. Soc Work Res 33(2):107–118
Nissenbaum H (2010) Privacy in context. technology, policy, and the integrity of social life. Stanford University Press, Stanford
OECD (1980). Guidelines on the protection of privacy and transborder flows of personal data. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Washington, DC. http://www.oecd.org/document/18/0,3343,en_2649_34255_1815186_1_1_1_1,00.html. Accessed 15 Dec 2010
Privacy International (2007) A race to the bottom: privacy ranking of internet service companies–A consultation report. Privacy International, June 9, 2007.http://www.privacyinternational.org/article.shtml?cmd[347]=x-347-553961. Accessed 22 Dec 2010
Rouvroy A, Poullet Y (2009) The right to informational self-determination and the value of self-development: reassessing the importance of privacy for democracy. In: Gutwirth S, Poullet Y, De Hert P, de Terwangne D, Nouwt S (eds) Reinventing data protection? Springer, New York, pp 45–76
Solove DJ (2008) Understanding privacy. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
Solove DJ, Rothenberg M, Schwartz PM (2006) Privacy, information, and technology. Aspen, New York
Stutzman F, Kramer-Duffield J (2010). Friends only: examining a privacy-enhancing behavior in facebook. In: CHI ‘10 Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Human factors in computing systems, ACM Digital Library. http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1753559. Accessed 26 Dec 2010
Test (2010) Soziale Netzwerke: Datenschutz oft mangelhaft. Stiftung Warentest – test.de, 25. 03. 2010. http://www.test.de/themen/computer-telefon/test/Soziale-Netzwerke-Datenschutz-oft-mangelhaft-1854798-1855785/. Accessed 3 Dec 2010
Tufekci Z (2008) Can you see me now? Audience and disclosure regulation in online social network sites. B Sci Technol Soc 28(1):20–36
United Nations (1948) The universal declaration of rights. United Nations. http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml. Accessed 15 Dec 2010
Van den Hoven Aspen J, Vermaas PE (2007) Nano-technology and privacy: on continuous surveillance outside the panopticon. J Med Philos 32:283–297
Warren S, Brandeis L (1890) The right to privacy. Harv Law Rev IV(5):193–220
WebSense (2010) Facebook used for phishing attacks and open redirects. In: WebSense Security Labs Blog, 29. 11. 2010. http://community.websense.com/blogs/securitylabs/archive/2010/11/29/facebook-used-for-phishing-attacks-and-open-redirects.aspx. Accessed 12 Jan 2011
Westin AF (1967) Privacy and freedom. Atheneum, New York
Whitehouse G (2010) Newsgathering and privacy: expanding ethics codes to reflect change in the digital media age. J Mass Media Ethics 25(4):310–327
Xu H, Dinev T, Smith HJ, Hart P (2008) Examining the formation of individual’s privacy concerns: toward an integrative view. In: International conference on information systems (ICIS) ICIS 2008 proceedings, Paris. http://faculty.ist.psu.edu/xu/papers/conference/icis08a.pdf. Accessed 22 Dec 2010
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Debatin, B. (2011). Ethics, Privacy, and Self-Restraint in Social Networking. In: Trepte, S., Reinecke, L. (eds) Privacy Online. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21521-6_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21521-6_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-21520-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-21521-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)