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The Role of Semiochemicals in Date Pest Management

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Sustainable Pest Management in Date Palm: Current Status and Emerging Challenges

Part of the book series: Sustainability in Plant and Crop Protection ((SUPP))

Abstract

This chapter covers general concepts of semiochemical implementations in pest management and the work done on the identification and use of semiochemicals for the management of date palm pests. Within the semiochemicals, pheromones are usually species specific and non-toxic to the environment. This makes pheromones in particular valuable components of integrated pest management as indicators of pest presence and as behavior modifiers, interfering with the proliferation of target pest. Control of pest populations can be achieved by a number of methods based on attractants, such as mating disruption, mass trapping, attract-and-kill, push-pull, or attract-and-infect. For any of these control tactics knowledge of the chemical ecology of pests and the identification of cues involved are essential. Isolation and identification of semiochemicals is a complicated process requiring: solvent extraction or head space collection by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) or other means, identification of active components by coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography (GC-EAG) and finally identification of chemical composition by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). A summary of known attractants of date pests is also provided. Currently effective attractants, pheromones, and/or host volatiles are known only for some of the major date palm pests. Case studies are described on sap beetles, the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, and the lesser date moth, Batrachedra amydraula. For red palm weevil and sap beetles, implementation of pheromones in combination with plant volatiles as a tool for monitoring is well accepted but essential information for optimization of their use is still missing. Moreover, development of semiochemical application as a control strategy, for most cases, is in its infancy and will remain a major challenge in future years. For other pests of palm trees, pheromones and other semiochemicals remain to be identified. Future challenges and perspectives for the implementation of semiochemicals towards sustainable pest control in date plantations are given.

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Acknowledgments

We wish to thank Dr. Allan Cam Oehlschlager, ChemTica Internacional, Costa Rica for his advice and stimulating discussions on the use of semiochemicals in date plantations and especially for providing various formulations of LDM pheromones . We are also grateful to Yakov Nakache, Dafna Carmeli, and Nirit Ketner from Kibbutz Samar, Israel for their long term contribution in research and implementation of semiochemicals based IPM strategies in organic date palm orchards.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel

    Victoria Soroker & Ally Harari

  2. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UTF/SAU/043/SAU), Date Palm Research Center, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

    Jose Romeno Faleiro

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  1. Victoria Soroker
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  2. Ally Harari
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  3. Jose Romeno Faleiro
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Correspondence to Victoria Soroker .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

    Waqas Wakil

  2. Food and Agriculture Org. of the UN, IPM(Red Palm Weevil), Al-Hass, Saudi Arabia

    Jose Romeno Faleiro

  3. Entomology Department, University of California, RIVERSIDE, California, USA

    Thomas A. Miller

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Soroker, V., Harari, A., Faleiro, J.R. (2015). The Role of Semiochemicals in Date Pest Management. In: Wakil, W., Romeno Faleiro, J., Miller, T. (eds) Sustainable Pest Management in Date Palm: Current Status and Emerging Challenges. Sustainability in Plant and Crop Protection. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24397-9_11

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