Abstract
The umwelt or perceptual world of odontocetes is largely defined by acoustic cues imperceptible to humans. Like bats, they use ultrasonic frequencies to echolocate. To penetrate this acoustic world, we must use indirect anatomical and psychophysical techniques. While bat research has incorporated anatomy and physiology to describe neural processing of echolocation signals, cetacean research, hampered by practical and legal restrictions, depends largely upon spectral and temporal analyses of emitted sounds coupled with behavioral observations. From these investigations, we have gained considerable information about the psycho-acoustics of dolphin echolocation, but we still know little about the receptor anatomy.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Au, W.W.L., Floyd, R.W., Penner, R.H. and Murchison, A.E., 1974, Measurement of echolocation signals of the Atlantic Bottle-nosed dolphin, Tursiops truncatus montagu, in open waters, T. Acoust. Soc. of Am., 56: 1280–1290.
Brownlee, S., 1983, Correlations between Sounds and Behavior in the Hawaiian Spinner Dolphin, Stenella longirostris, M.S. thesis, University of California, Santa Cruz.
Bruns, V., 1976, Peripheral auditory tuning in the Doppler shift compensating bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum: II. Frequency mapping in the cochlea, T. Comp. Physiol., 106: 77–86.
Bruns, V. and Schmieszek, E.T., 1980, Cochlear innervation in the greater horseshoe bat: Demonstration of an acoustic fovea, Hearing Res., 3: 27–43.
Bullock, T.H., Grinnell, A.D., Ikezono, E., Kameda, K., Katsuki, Y., Nomoto, M., Sato, O., Suga, N., and Yanagisawa, K., 1968, Electrophysiological studies of central auditory mechanisms in cetaceans, Z. vergl. Physiol., 59: 117–156.
Bullock, T., and Ridgway, S., 1972, Evoked potentials in the central auditory system of alert porpoises to their own and artificial sounds, Tour. Neurobiol., 3: 79–99,
Busnel, R-G., and Dziedzic, A., 1966, Acoustic signals of the pilot whale Globicephala melaena and of the porpoises Delphinus delphis and Phocoena phocoena, in: “Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises,” K.S. Norris, ed., University of California Press, Berkeley.
Caldwell, M.C., and Caldwell, D.K., 1967, Intraspecific transfer of information via pulsed sound in captive odontocete cetaceans, in.: “Animal Sonar Systems: Biology and Bionics, II,” R-G. Busnel, ed., Laboratoire de Physiologie Acoustique, Jouy-en-Josas.
Caldwell, M.C. and Caldwell, D. K., 1971, Statistical evidence for individual signature whistles in Pacific whitesided dolphins, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens, Cetology, 3: 1–9.
Camhi, J.M., 1984, “Neuroethology: Nerve Cells and the Natural Behavior of Animals,” Sinauer Assoc, Inc., Sunderland.
Diercks, K.J., 1972, Biological sonar systems: A bionics survey, Applied Research Laboratories, ARL-TR-72–34, University of Texas.
Diercks, K.J., Trochta, R.T., Greenlaw, R.L., and Evans, W.E., 1971, Recording and analysis of dolphin echolocation signals, T. Acoust. Soc. Am., 49: 1729–1732.
Evans, W.E., 1967, Vocalizations among marine mammals, in: “Marine Bio-Acoustics,” W.N. Tavolga, ed., Pergamon, New York.
Evans, W.E., 1973, Echolocation by marine delphinids and one species of fresh water dolphin, T. Acoust. Soc. Am., 54: 191–199.
Evans, W.E., and Prescott, J.H., 1962, Observations of the sound production capabilities of the bottlenose porpoise: A study of whistles and clicks, Zoologica, 47: 121–128.
Feng, W., Liang, C., Wang, J., and Wang, X., 1986, Morphometric and Stereoscopic Studies on the Spiral and Vestibular Ganglia of Lipotes vexillifer., (prepubl.).
Firbas, W., 1972, Über anatomische Anpassungen des Hörorgans an die Aufnahme hoher Frequenzen, Monatsschr. Ohr. Laryn.-Rhinol., 106: 105–156
Fleischer, G., 1976, Hearing in extinct cetaceans as determined by cochlear structure, Tour. Paleon., 50: 133–152.
Fraser, F., and Purves, P., 1960, Hearing in cetaceans: Evolution of the accessory air sacs in the structure and function of the outer and middle ear in Recent cetaceans, Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7: 1–140.
Graves, W.L., Carey, G.A., Benac, S.L., and Cameron, L.W., 1984, Modeling and Graphic Display System for Cardiovascular Research Using Random 3-D Data, IEEE 1984 Int. Symp. on Medical Images and Icons, 304–308.
Grinnell, A.D., 1963, The neurophysiology of audition in bats: Intensity and frequency parameters, T. Physiol., 167: 38–66.
Guild, S.R., 1921, A graphic reconstruction method for the study of the organ of Corti, Anat. Rec. 22: 141–157.
Hinchcliffe, R., and Pye, A. 1968, The cochlea in Chiroptera: A quantitative approach, Int. Audiol., 7: 259–266.
Hinchcliffe, R., and Pye, A., 1969, Variations in the middle ear of the Mammalia, T. Zool., 157: 277–288.
Iurato, S., 1962, Functional implications of the nature and submicroscopic structure of tectorial and basilar membranes, I. Acoust. Soc. of Am., 34: 1368–1395.
Kamminga, C.F., Engelsma, F.J., and Terry, R.P., 1989, Acoustic observations and comparison on wild, captive and open water Sotalia and Inia, Eighth Bienn. Conf. Biol. Mar. Mamm., 33.
Kasuya, T.. 1973, Systematic consideration of recent toothed whales based on the morphology of tympano-periotic bone, Sci. Rep. Whale Res. Inst., 25: 1–103.
Kellogg, W.N., 1959, Auditory perception of submerged objects by porpoises, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 31: 1–6.
Ketten, D. R., 1984, Correlations of Morphology with Frequency for Odontocete Cochlea: Systematics and Topology, Ph.D. thesis, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore.
Knudsen, E.I., 1981, The Hearing of the barn owl, Sei Am., 245(6): 113–125.
Long, G.R., 1980, Some psychophysical measurements of frequency in the greater horseshoe bat, in: “Psychophysical, Psychological, and Behavioural Studies in Hearing,” G. van den Brink and F. Bilsen, eds., Delft University Press, Delft.
Maue-Dickson, W., Dickson, D.R., and Pullen, F.W., 1983, “Computed Tomographic Atlas of the Head and Neck,” Little, Brown and Co., New York.
McCormick, J.G., Weaver, E.G., Palin, G., and Ridgway, S.H., 1970, Sound conduction in the dolphin ear, T. Acoust. Soc. Am., 48: 1418–1428.
Mehl, B., and Andersen, S., 1973, Echolocation: High-frequency component in the click of the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena L.), T. Acoust. Soc. Am., 57: 1368–1372.
Montali, R.J., and Migaki, G., 1980, “The Comparative Pathology of Zoo Animals,” Smithsonian Inst. Press, Wash., D.C.
Moore, P.W.B., 1990, Investigations on the control of echolocation pulses in the dolphin, (this volume).
Moran, P.R., Nickles, R.J., and Zagzebski, J.A., 1983, The physics of medical imaging, Phys. Today, July: 36–42.
Nagel, E.L., Morgane, P.J., and McFarland, W.L., 1964, Anesthesia for the bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus. Science, 146: 1591–1593.
Neuweiler, G., 1980, Auditory processing of echoes: Peripheral processing, in: “Animal Sonar Systems,” R-G Busnel and J.F. Fish, eds., Plenum Press, New York.
Norris, J., and Leatherwood, K., 1981, Hearing in the Bowhead Whale, Balaena mysticetus, as estimated by cochlear morphology, Hubbs Sea World Rsch. Inst. Tech. Rpt. no. 81–132: 15.1–15.49.
Norris, K.S., 1969, The echolocation of marine mammals, in: “The Biology of Marine Mammals,” H.J. Andersen, ed., Academic Press, New York.
Norris, K.S., and Harvey, G.W., 1974, Sound transmission in the porpoise head, T. Acoust. Soc. Am., 56: 659–664.
Norris, K.S., Harvey, G.W., Burzell, L.A., and Krishna Kartha, D.K., 1972, Sound production in the freshwater porpoise Sotalia cf. fluviatilis Gervais and Deville and Inia geoffrensis Blainville in the Rio Negro Brazil, in: “Investigations on Cetacea,” G. Pilleri, ed., 4: 251–262, University of Berne, Berne.
Norris, K.S., Prescott, J.H., Asa-Dorian, P.V., and Perkins, P., 1961, An experimental demonstration of echolocation behavior in the porpoise, Tursiops truncatus, Montagu, Biol. Bull., 120: 163–176.
Oelschlager, H. A., 1990, Evolutionary morphology and acoustics in the dolphin skull, (this volume).
Oelschlager, H. A., 1986, Comparative morphology and evolution of the otic region in toothed whales, Am T. Anat., 177: 353–368.
Pilleri, G., 1983, The sonar system of the dolphins, Endeavour, 7: 59–64.
Pollack, G.D., 1980, Organizational and encoding features of single neurons in the inferior colliculus of bats, in: “Animal Sonar Systems,” R-G Busnel and J.F. Fish, eds., Plenum Press, New York.
Popper, A.N., 1980, Sound emission and detection by delphinids, in: “Cetacean Behavior: Mechanisms and Functions,” L.M. Herman, ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Purves, P.E., and Pilleri, G.E., 1983, “Echolocation in Whales and Dolphins,” Academic Press, Inc., Ltd., London.
Reysenbach de Haan, F.W., 1956, Hearing in whales, Acta Otolaryngol., Suppl., 134: 1–114.
Ridgway, S.H., 1980, Electrophysiological experiments on hearing in odontocetes, in: “Animal Sonar Systems,” R-G. Busnel and J.F. Fish, eds., Plenum Press, New York.
Ridgway, S.H., and McCormick, J.G., 1967, Anesthetization of porpoises for major surgery, Science, 158: 510–512.
Ridgway, S.H., McCormick, J.G., and Wever, E.G., 1974, Surgical approach to the dolphin’s ear, T. Expl. Zool., 188: 265–276.
Sales, G., and Pye, D., 1974, “Ultrasonic Communication by Animals,” John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Schevill, W. E., 1964, Underwater sounds of cetaceans, in: “Marine Bio-Acoustics,” W.N. Tavolga, ed., Pergamon Press, New York.
Schuknecht, H.F., 1953, Technique for study of cochlear function and pathology in experimental animals, Arch. Otolaryngol., 58: 377–397.
Schuknecht, H.F., and Gulya, A.J., 1986, Anatomy of the Temporal Bone with Surgical Implications. Lea and Feibiger, Philadelphia.
Stinson, M.R., 1983, Implication of ear canal geometry for various acoustical measurements, T. Acoust. Soc. Am., 74(S1): 8.
Suga, N., 1983, Neural representation of bisonar (sic) information in the auditory cortex of the mustached bat, T. Acoust. Soc. Am., 74(S1): 31.
Supin, A.Y. and Popov, V.V., 1990, Frequency selectivity of the auditory system of the bottlenosed dolphin Tursiops truncatus, (this volume).
Thomas, J., Chun, N., and Au, W., 1988, Underwater audiogram of a false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens), T. Acoust. Soc. Am., 84: 936–940.
Watkins, W., and Schevill, W., 1977, Sperm whale codas, T. Acoust. Soc. Am., 62: 1485–1590.
Watkins, W.A., and Wartzok, D., 1985, Sensory biophysics of marine mammals, Mar. Mamm. Sci., 3: 219–230.
West, C. D., 1986, Cochlear length, spiral turns and hearing, 12th International Congress on Acoustics, 1: B-1.
Wever, E.G., McCormick, J.G., Palin, H., and Ridgway, S., 1971a, The cochlea of the dolphin, Tursiops truncatus: The basilar membrane, Proc. Nat. Acad, Sci., U.S.A., 68: 2708–2711.
Wever, E.G., McCormick, J.G., Palin, H., and Ridgway, S., 1971b, The cochlea of the dolphin, Tursiops truncatus: Hair cells and ganglion cells, Proc, Nat. Acad. Sci., U.S.A., 68: 2908–2912.
Wever, E.G., McCormick, J.G., Palin, H., and Ridgway, S., 1972, Cochlear structure in the dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., U.S.A., 69: 657–661.
Wood, F.G., and Evans, W.E., 1980, Adaptiveness and ecology of echolocation in toothed whales, in: “Animal Sonar Systems,” R-G Busnel and J.F. Fish, eds., Plenum Press, New York.
Zwislocki, J., 1981, Sound analyses in the ear: A history of discoveries, Amer. Sci., 69: 184–192.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ketten, D.R., Wartzok, D. (1990). Three-Dimensional Reconstructions of the Dolphin EAR. In: Thomas, J.A., Kastelein, R.A. (eds) Sensory Abilities of Cetaceans. NATO ASI Series, vol 196. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0858-2_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0858-2_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0860-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0858-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive