Abstract
Raucourt (1945) and Slade (1945), more or less simultaneously, brought the insecticidal activity of benzene hexachloride to the attention of the world. The American Medical Association Committee on Pesticides (1951) ascribes the original manufacture of the molecule (by the photochlorination of benzene) to Michael Faraday in 1825. Papers by Rosenstiehl (1862), Heys (1871), and Bodewig (1879) present chemical information but the insecticidal effect does not appear to have been noticed until approximately 1939. A. E. Grant and Imperial Chemical Industries were granted a British patent for BHC as an insecticide in 1939, and Hardie a U. S. patent in 1940. Raucourt (1945) records that M. L. Grindaux held at that time a similar patent in France. Slade (1945) made it clear that considerable was known then about the molecular structure of BHC including recognition of the gamma isomer as the most highly insecticidal form. Later the gamma isomer became referred to as lindane. BHC was assessed for use in the control of stored product pests soon after its insecticidal nature was recognized. Slade (1945) referred to its use for cockroaches, the grain weevil (Sitophilis granarius L.), the hide beetle, and the clothes moth but reported the Mediterranean flour moth to be resistant.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Reference
Abbott, D. C., R. Goulding, and J. O’G. Tatton: Organochlorine pesticide residues in human fat in Great Britain. Brit. Med. J. 3, 146 (1968).
Abbott, D. C., R. B. Harrison, J. O’G. Tatton, and J. Thomson: Organochlorine pesticides in the atmospheric environment. Nature 208, 259 (1965).
Abbott, D. C., R. B. Harrison, J. O’G. Tatton, and J. Thomson, Organochlorine pesticides in the atmosphere. Nature 211, 259 (1966).
Abbott, D. C., D. C. Holmes, and J. O’G. Tatton: Pesticide residues in the total diet in England and Wales 1966–67. II. Organic pesticide residues in the total diet. J. Sei. Food Agr. 20, 245 (1969).
Albalhary, C., and J. Dubrisay: Pancytopenie rebelle au lindane. Arch. MaladiesProfessionelles 18, 689 (1957).
Almeida, E., D. Puzzi, and A. Orlando: Notes on C. cephalonica a pest of stored groundnuts and its control. Arquiv. Inst. Biol. 29, 55 (1962).
A.M.A. Committee on Pesticides (Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry): Toxic /effects on technical benzene hexachloride and its principle isomers. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 147, 571 (1951).
A.M.A. Committee on Pesticides (Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry) Health hazards of electric vaporizing devices for insecticides. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 149, 367 (1952).
A.M.A. Committee on Pesticides (Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry) Health problems of vaporizing and fumigating devices for insecticides. A supplementary report. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 152, 1232 (1953).
Anonymous: The use of DDT and 666 as insecticides against grain pests. H. Effect of lime on DDT when incorporated in limewash. T. Sei. Ind. Research 4, 78 (1945).
Anonymous U.S.D.A. Toxicants Bulletin. Agr. Chem. 3, 70 (1948).
Anonymous Warning on misuse of insecticide (lindane toxic to fish). Fish News letter 22 (7), 25 (1963).
Armstrong, M. T., and B. G. Hill: The use of 7/BHC and whitewash mixtures to control infestations of Ephestia elutella (Hbn.) in warehouses. J. Sci. Food Agr. 10, 79 (1959).
Ash, J. S., and A. Taylor: Trials to measure the effects of a normal mercury gamma BHC seed-dressing on breeding pheasants: Interim report. Rept. Game Research Assoc. 1963 (1964).
Ash, J. S. Further trials on the effect of BHC seed-dressings on breeding pheasants. Rept. Game Research Assoc. 1964 (1965).
Asnani, M. S.: Effectiveness of BHC smoke-generator viz BHC dust. Bull. Grain Technol. 3, 73 (1965); through Rev. Applied Entomol. A54, 476 (1966).
Atkins, W. G., and E. N. Greer: The storage of flour in jute bags treated with insecticide. J. Sci. Food Agr. 4, 155 (1953).
Bailey, J. S., W. S. Esselen, Jr., and E. H. Wheeler. Off flavors in peaches sprayed with benzene hexachloride. J. Econ. Entomol. 43, 774 (1949).
Baker, A. H., G. F. H. Whitney, and A. W. Worden: Toxic hazard associated with continuous flow heat volatilized insecticidal and acaricidal aerosols. Lab. Practice 8, 3–10, 26 (1959).
Barlow, F.: Determination of benzene hexachloride in the blood of cattle. Nature 160, 719 (1947).
Barnes, J. M., and F. A. Denz: Experimental methods used in determining chronic toxicity. Pharmacol. Rev. 6, 191 (1954).
Bastos, J. A. M.: The action of some organic synthetic insecticides on C. analis. I. The preventive action of malathion and mixtures of lindane and DDT. Turrialba 15, 145 (1965).
Battle, E. G., and R. D. Turk: Toxicity of some synthetic insecticides to dogs. J. Econ. Entomol. 41, 102 (1948).
Beckel, W. E.: Lindane applied in liquid floor wax for control of silverfish. J. Econ. Entomol. 48, 221 (1955).
Beckel, W. E. Further tests of lindane in floor wax for the control of silverfish (Thysanura). J. Econ. Entomol. 49, 271 (1956).
Best, W. R.: Drug associated blood dyscrasias. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 185, 286 (1963).
Black, B. J. G., J. Getty, H. R. Jameson, and H. Pirie: The effect of continuous ingestion by poultry of benzene hexachloride. Brit. Vet. J. 106, 386 (1950).
Block, S. S.: Insecticidal surface coatings. Parts I and n. Soap & Sanit. Chemicals 24, 138 and 151 (1948 a).
Block, S. S. Residual toxicity tests on insecticidal protective coatings. Soap & Sanit. Chemicals 24, 155 (1948 b).
Bodewig, C.: Benzene hexachloride. Ztschr fur Kristallographie 3, 401 (1879).
Bogdarina, A. A.: Penetration of hexachlorocyclohexane and its transformation in plant tissues. Fizial. Rastenii, Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 4, 254 (1956); through Chem. Abstr. 51, 15874f (1957).
Boock, O. J., S. A. Nobrega, and A. Orlando: Use of the gamma isomer of BHC in the form of a fumigant against the potato mealybug. Biologica 26, 236 (1960); through Rev. Applied Entomol. A50, 119 (1962).
Boswell, V. R.: Effects of insecticides on flavor and quality of food products. J. Econ. Entomol. 48, 498 (1955).
Boswell, V. R., W. J. Clore. B. B. Pepper, C. B. Taylor, P. M. Gilmer, and R. L. Carter: Effects of certain insecticides in soil and crop plants. U. S. Department of Agriculture Tech. Bull. 121 (1955).
Bowden, J., D. N. McNutt, and B. D. Rennison: Effects of lindane on the liquor of anabica coffee as evaluated by different liquorers. E. Afr. Agr. For. J. 30, 4 (1964).
Bowen, C. V.: A second list of publications on benzene hexachloride. U. S. Department of Agriculture E. 755 (1948).
Bradbury, F. R.: The systematic action of benzene hexachloride-seed dressings. Ann. Applied Biol. 52, 361 (1963).
Bradbury, F. R., and W. O. Whittaker: The systemic action of benzene hexachloride in plants; quantitative measurements. J. Sci. Food Agr. 4, 248 (1956).
Brass, C. L., and G. W. Ware: BHC translocation from treated soil and the effect on growth of red clover. J. Econ. Entomol. 53, 110 (1960).
Bridges, R. G.: Fate of labelled insecticide residues in food products. VI. Retention of 7-benzene hexachloride by wheat and cheese. J. Sci. Food Agr. 9, 431 (1958 a).
Bridges, R. G. Fate of labelled insecticide residues in food products. VII. The fate of 7-benzene hexachloride residues in flour during baking. J. Sci. Food Agr. 9, 439 (1958 b).
Brown, J. R.: Organoehloride pesticide residues in human depot fat. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 197, 367 (1967).
Bry, R. E., L. L. McDonald, and D. F. Davis: Preliminary evaluation of lindane and heptaehlor crystals for protection of crated furniture against insect damage. J. Econ. Entomol. 53, 966 (1960).
Bugg, J. C., Jr., J. E. Higgins, and E. R. Robertson, Jr.: Chlorinated pesticide levels in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from selected areas of the South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. Pesticides Monitoring J. 1, 9 (1967).
Burke, F.: Crickets in bakeries. Their habits and some suggestions for their control. Food 15, 37 (1946).
Busbey, R. L.: A list of publications on benzene hexachloride. U. S. Department of Agriculture E. 731 (1947).
Bushland, R. C., H. V. Claborn, H. F. Beckman, R. D. Radeleff, and R. W. Wells: Contamination of meat and milk by chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides used for livestock pest control. J. Econ. Entomol. 43, 649 (1950).
Cameron, G. R.: Risks to man and animals from the use of 2,2-bis (p-chloro- phenyl) 1,1,1-trichlorenthane (DDT) with note on the toxicology of gamma benzene hexachloride (666, Gammexane). Brit. Med. Bull. 3, 233 (1945).
Cameron, G. R., and F. Burgess: Toxicity of 666. Gr. Brit. Min. Prod. Dept. IDP 131 (44), 1 (1944).
Canada Department of Agriculture, Production and Marketing Service, Plant Products Division: Label claims acceptable for lindane under the registration provision of the pest control products act. Trade Memorandum T-68 (1970).
Canadian Agricultural Chemical Association: Pesticide safety handbook (1010 St. Catherine St., W., Montreal 2, Quebec, Can.) (1964).
Canadian Department of National Health and Welfare, Food and Drug Directorate: Modification of residue tolerances for certain agricultural chemicals. Trade Information Letter No. 340 (1970).
Cann, R. F., and D. S. Papworth: Knapsack sprayers for disinfesting ships’ holds: Pest Technol. 3, 32 (1960).
Carpenter, S. J.: Control of stored food insects with benzene hexachloride. J. Econ. Entomol. 40, 136 (1947).
Casida, J. E., and T. G. Allen: Adsorption and translocation of insecticides by plants. Agr. Chemicals 7, 41 (1952).
Cassidy, W., A. J. Fisher, J. D. Peden, and A. Parry-Jones: Organo-chlorine pesticide residues in human fats from Somerset. Monthly Bull. Min. Health & Public Health Lab. Service (London) U. K. 26, 2 (1967).
Cawnpore (India) Ordinance Laboratories: The use of DDT and 666 as insecticides against grain pests. Part 1. Incorporation of DDT -f 666 in wall washes. J. Sci. & Ind. Research 4, 73 (1945).
Cawnpore (India) Ordinance Laboratories: Use of DDT and 666 (benzene hexachloride) against grain pests. III. Persistence of toxicity of DDT and 666 applied in wall washes. J. Sci. & Ind. Research 4, 493 (1946).
Champ, B. R.: Lindane resistance in Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Queensland. J. Stored Prod. Research 1, 9 (1965).
Champ, B. R.: A test method for detecting insecticide resistance in Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J. Stored Prod. Research 4, 175 (1968); through Rev. Applied Entomol. A56, 644 (1968).
Chao, Y. C., and D. M. DeLong: The stability of lindane and pyrenone impregnated dusts and their relative toxicity to the granary weevil. J. Econ. Entomol. 46, 908 (1953).
Chatfield, H. W.: Estimating insecticide deposits from smoke generators. Int. Pest Control 6, 6 (1963).
Chaudhri, R. P., and R. C. Naithani: Resistance to BHC in the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Can.) in India. Bull. Entomol. Research 55, 405 (1964).
Chemical Corps, U. S. Army: Some observations on the pharmacology of hexa- chlorocyclohexanes. U. S. Chemical Corps Quarterly Prog. Rept. on Insects and Rodent Control. CML. C. No. 11, p. 22 (1946).
Chen, Teh-Neng, and Chung-Jen Liang: Oral toxicity of lindane and its tolerance in poultry and mice. J. Agr. Assoc. China 15, 78 (1956).
Cheremisinov, N. A.: The paths of fungal infection in maize grains and measures for its prevention. Rept. Lenin Acad. Agr. Sci. 22, 40 (1957).
Cherian, M. C., and P. R. N. Rao: Trials with DDT and 666 against pests of stored grain. Indian Farming 6, 572 (1945).
Christophers, A. J.: Hematological effect of pesticides. Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci. 160, 352 (1969).
Claborn, H. V.: Insecticide residues in meat and milk. U. S.Department of Agriculture ARS 33–25 (1956).
Claborn, H. V., J. W. Bowers, R. W. Wells, R. D. Radeleff, and W. J. Nickerson: Meat contamination from pesticides. Agr. Chemicals 8, 37 (1953).
Clifford, P. A.: Pesticide residues in fluid market milk. Public Health Rept. (Wash.) 72, 729 (1957).
Coaker, T. H.: “Insaek” treatment of maize with insecticide against stored products pests in Uganda E. Afr. E. African Agr. J. 24, 244 (1959).
Cole, M. M., J. M. Hurst, J. G. McWilliams, and L. H. Gilbert: Sleeve tests of insecticidal powders for control of body lice. J. Econ. Entomol. 62, 198 (1969).
Collett, J. N., and D. L. Harrison: Lindane residues in sheep following dipping. New Zealand J. Agr. Research 6, 39 (1963).
Collett, J. N., and D. L. Harrison: Lindane residues on pasture and in the fat of sheep grazing pasture treated with lindane prills. New Zealand J. Agr. Research 11, 589 (1968).
Conley, E.: Health hazards of electric vaporizing devices for insecticides. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 194, 367 (1952).
Conley, E.: Health problems of vaporizing and fumigating devices for insecticides. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 152, 1232 (1953).
Conley, E.: Abuse of insecticide fumigating devices. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 156, 608 (1954).
Coper, H., H. Herron, and I. Klempau: Antagonism and synergism of beta andgamma hexachlorocyclohexane. Klin. Woehschr. 29, 265 (1951); through Chem. Abstr. 45, 77 (1952).
Corneliussen, P. E.: Pesticides in total diet samples (IV). Pesticides Monitoring J. 2, 140 (1969).
Corneliussen, P. E.: Pesticide residues in total diet samples (V). Pesticides Monitoring J. 4, 89 (1970).
Coulon, J.: Comparison of the effieacity of pyrethrins with a synergist and of 7-BHC on Sitophilus granarius. Phytiat-Phytopharm. 12, 67 (1963); through Rev. Applied Entomol. A52, 580 (1964).
Cristobal, U. L.: The preservation of stored grains. A new technique with the synthetic insecticides. Rev. Fac. Agron. Eva Peron 3, 29 and 85 (1953); through Rev. Applied Entomol. A42, 344 (1954).
Cummings, J. G.: Pesticide residues in total diet samples. J. Assoc. Official Agr. Chemists 48, 1177 (1965).
Cummings, J. G.: Pesticides in total diet. Residue Reviews 16, 15 (1966).
Cummings, J. G., K. T. Zee, V. Turner, F. Quinn, and R. E. Cook: Residues in eggs from low level feeding of five chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides to hens. J. Assoc. Official Agr. Chemists 49, 354 (1966).
Cummings, J. G., M. Eedelman, V. Turner, D. Reed, K. T. Zee, and R. E. Cook: Residues in poultry tissues from low level feeding of five chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides to hens. J. Assoc. Official Agr. Chemists 50, 418 (1967).
Curley, A., F. Copeland, and R. D. Kimbrough: Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in organs of stillborn and blood of new born babies. Arch. Environ. Health 19, 628 (1969); through Biol. Abstr. 51, 3162 (1969).
Currier, H. B.: Phytotoxicity of hydrocarbons. Hilgardia 23, 155 (1954).
Cwilich, R., A. Hadani, and Y. Rechav: Residual activity of benzene hexaehlo- ride formulation on the bovine coat. J. Econ. Entomol. 62, 1 (1969).
D’Aguilar, J.: Remarquis sur Faction de l’H. H. sur diverses variétiés de pomme de terre et de pois. Rev. Path. vég. 28, 163 (1949); through Rev. Applied Entomol. A39, 362 (1950).
Dahlen, J. H., and A. O. Haugen: Acute toxicity of certain insecticides to the bob white quail (Colinus virginianus) and the mourning dove (Zenaidura macrouta). J. Wildlife Management 18, 477 (1954).
Dale, W. E., and Q. E. Quinby: Chlorinated insecticides in body fat of people in the United States. Science 142, 593 (1963).
Dale, W. E., M. F. Copeland, and W. J. Hayes, Jr.: Chlorinated insecticides in the body fat of people in India. Bull. World Health Org. 33, 471 (1965).
Dallemagne, M. J., and E. Philipott: La toxicité de Fhexachorocyclohexane pour les insects et les animaux supérieurs. Rev. Méd. Liège 3, 714 (1948 a).
Dallemagne, M. J. Recherches sur la toxicité de Fhexachloroeyclohexane. Internat. Pharmacodynamics 75, 274 (1948 b).
Dallemagne, M. J., M. A. Gerébtzoff, and E. Philipott: Surcharge lipidique de l’organisme dans l’intoxication chronique du chien, par le gamma hexachlorocyclo- hexane. Experientia 6, 274 (1950).
Danopaulos, E., K. Melissinos, and G. Katsas: Serious poisoning by hexachlo- rocyclohexane. Arch. Ind. Hyg. & Oceup. Med. 7, 582 (1953).
Dasilva, Leitao J. L., and J. A. Cruz E Silva: Toxicity study of the gamma isomer of benzene hexachloride in the cat. Anais Escola Super. Med. Vet. 9, 7 (1969); through Biol. Abstr. 51, 888 (1970).
Davidow, B., and E. P. Lang: A surface aliquot masking technique for the bioassay of lindane. J. Econ. Entomol. 48, 659 (1956).
Davidow, B., and J. P. Frawley: Tissue distribution, accumulation and elimination of the isomers of benzene hexachloride. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 76, 780 (1951).
Davidow, B., and G. Woodard: An ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for the determination of benzene hexachloride. J. Assoc. Official Agr. Chemists 32, 751 (1949).
Davies, J. C.: A note on the control of bean pests in Uganda. E. African Agr. J. 24, 174 (1959).
Davies, J. C.: Experiments in crib storage of maize in Uganda. E. African Agr. J. 26, 71 (1960); through Rev. Applied Entomol. A49, 569 (1960).
Davies, T. G.: Control of turnip flea beetles by liquid seed dressing. Plant Pathol. 12, 130 (1964).
Davis, L. L.: Benzene hexaehloride in processed peaches. Food Packer (July 1949).
Dawson, E. H., G. L. Gilpin, M. E. Kirkpatrick, and C. E. Weigel: Flavor of selected vegetables grown in soil treated with isomers of benzene hexaehloride. J. Agr. Food Chem. 1, 399 (1953).
Deema, P., E. N. Naber, and G. W. Ware: Residues in hen eggs from vaporizing insecticide tablets. J. Econ. Entomol. 58, 904 (1965).
DeMeillon, B.: Effect on some blood sucking arthropods of “Gammexane” when fed to a rabbit. Nature 158, 839 (1946).
Department of Education and Science: Report by the Advisory Committee on Pesticides and other Toxic Chemicals (G.B.): Review of the present safety arrangements for the use of toxic chemicals in agriculture and food storage. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office (1967).
Department of Education and Science: Report by the Advisory Committee on Pesticides and other Toxic Chemicals (G.B.): Further review of certain persistent organochlorine pesticides used in Great Britain. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office (1969).
De Vlieger, M., J. Robinson, M. K. Baldwin, A. N. Crabtree, and M. C. Van Dijk: The organochlorine insecticide content of human tissues. Arch. Environ. Health 17, 759 (1965).
DeWitt, J. B.: The function of the Fish and Wildlife Service in insect control progress. J. Econ. Entomol. 51, 740 (1958).
Diaz, M. D.: Toxic effects of five insecticides when applied to soil on the germination and early growth of four crops. Acta Agron. (Columbia) 4, 175 (1954).
Diemair, W., G. Maier, and K. Schlogel: The detection and determination of pesticides in vegetable foodstuffs. Thin layer chromatographic behaviour of chlorinated pesticides. Z. Lebensmittel Unters. U. Forsch. 139, 294 (1969); through Biol. Abstr. 51, 4256 (1970).
Doisy, E. A., Jr., and B. C. Bocklage: Chronic toxicity of gamma isomer of HCH in the albino rats. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 71, 490 (1949).
Dudnik, V. M.: Effects of hexachlorane on potato plants in controlling the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). Derzhsil’ hospvy dav Ukrayimis’k RS. R. Kiev., p. 300 (1963).
Duggan, R. E.: Chlorinated pesticide residues in fluid milk and other dairy products in the United States. Pesticides Monitoring J. 1, 2 (1967).
Duggan, R. E.: Pesticides residues in vegetable oil seeds, oil and by-products. Pesticides Monitoring J. 2, 2 (1968 a).
Duggan, R. E.: Residues in food July 1, 1963-June 30, 1967. Surveyance and compliance programs F.D.A. Pesticides Monitoring J. 2, 2 (1968 b).
Duggan, R. E.: Pesticide residues in food. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 160, 173 (1969).
Duggan, R. E., and G. O. Lipscombe: Dietary intake of pesticide chemicals in the United States. II. June 1966-April 1968. Pesticides Monitoring J. 2, 153 (1969).
Duggan, R. E., H. C. Barry, and L. Y. Johnson: Pesticide residues in total diet samples. Science 151, 101 (1966).
Duggan, R. E., H. C. Barry, and L. Y. Johnson Pesticide residues in total diet samples. II. Pesticides Monitoring J. 1, 2 (1967).
Durham, W. F.: Pesticide residues in foods in relation to human health. Residue Reviews 4, 33 (1963).
Durham, W. F.: Effects of pesticides on man. In C. O. Chichester (ed.): Research in pesticides. New York: Academic Press (1965).
Dyte, C. E.: The contamination of foodstuffs by insecticides from thermal vaporizers. Food Trade Rev. 33, 35 (1963).
Edwards, C. A., S. D. Beck, and E. P. P. Lightenstein: Bioassay of aldrin and lindane in soil. J. Econ. Entomol. 50, 622 (1957).
Egan, H.: Chlorinated pesticide residues in lamb and mutton fat following dipping and other treatment. J. Sci. Food Agr. 16, 489 (1965).
Egan, H., D. C. Holmes, J. Roburn, and J. O’G. Tatton: Pesticide residues in food stuffs in Great Britain. II. Pesticide residues in selected foods. J. Sei. Food Agr. 17, 563 (1966).
Ehrenhardt, H.: The effectiveness of hexachlorocyelohexanes as systemic insecticides. Anz. Schädlingskunde 27, 1 (1954).
Eidelman, M.: Determination of microquantities of some chlorinated organic pesticide residues in edible fats and oils. J. Assoc. Official Agr. Chemists 46, 182 (1963).
Ely, R. E., L. A. Moore, H. D. Mann, and R. H. Carter: The effect of various dosage levels of crystalline lindane on the concentration of lindane in cow’s milk. J. Dairy Sei. 35, 733 (1952).
Ely, R. E., L. A., B. Underwood, A. Moore, H. D. Mann, and R. H. Carter: Observations on lindane poisoning in dairy animals. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc. 123, 448 (1953).
Ernst, W.: The metabolism of pesticides in mammals. Residue Reviews 18, 132 (1967).
Erslev, A. J., and M. M. Wintrobe: Detection and prevention of drug induced blood dyscrasias. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 181, 114 (1962).
Ezhi, L.: The effect of hexachlorocyclohexane on soil fauna. Agrobilogiya 6, 135 (1958).
Fahey, J. E., M. C. Wilson, and H. W. Rusk: Persistence of BHC, lindane and thiodan residues when applied to alfalfa to control the meadow spittle bug. J. Econ. Entomol. 53, 960 (1960).
Fao-Who: Report of the second joint meeting of FAO Committee on Pesticides in Agriculture and WHO Expert Committee on Pesticide Residues. FAO Meeting Report No. Pl/1965/10/1 and WHO/Food /Add./27.65 (1965).
Fao-Who: Evaluation of some pesticide residues in food. FAO,PL,CP/15 WHO/Food/Add./67.32 (1967).
Faust, S. D.: Pollution of the water and environment by organic pesticides. Clin. Pharmacol. Therap. 5(part 1), 677 (1964).
Feursenger, M.: Über die Bestimmung von Schädlingsbekamfunsmitteln in Lebensmitteln. Bundesgesundheitsblatt 10, 149 (1960).
Feursenger, M.: Rückstandfragen bei der Anwendung von Kontaktininsektizieden in Getreideschutz. Nachrichtenbl. dstch. Pflanzenschutzdienstes 14, 189 (1962).
Fielder, O’G. H.: Lindane dust for grain weevil control. J. Entomol. Soc. S. Africa 17, 115 (1954).
Fitzhugh, O. G., A. A. Nelson, and J. P. Frawley: The chronic toxicities of technical benzene hexachloride and its alpha, beta, gamma isomers. J. Pharmacol. Exptl. Therap. 100, 59 (1950).
Floyd, E. H., and L. D. Newsom: Protection of stored corn with lindane impregnated sawdust. J. Econ. Entomol. 49, 735 (1956).
Floyd, E. H., and C. E. Smith: Pyrethrum and lindane in the protection of corn and rough rice from stored grain insects. J. Econ. Entomol. 46, 771 (1953).
Foster, A. C.: How toxic to plants are some of the new insecticides? Agr. Chemicals 5, 37 (1950).
Franco, de Amarol, S., H. Vas Arroda, A. Orlando, and A. Pigatti: An interfeiencia do BHC no bebida do café. Archos. Inst. Biol. 32, 23 (1965); through Rev. Applied Entomol. A54, 241 (1966).
Frawley, J. P., and B. Davidow: An ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for the quantitative estimation of BHC in milk. J. Assoc. Official Agr. Chemists 32, 458 (1949).
Frawley, J. P., and O. G. Fitzhugh: Rate of disappearance of isomers of benzene hexachloride from fat depots in rats. Fed. Proc. 8, 292 (1949).
Friberg, L., and J. Martensson: Case of panmyelophthisis after exposure to chlorophenothane and benzene hexachloride. Arch. Ind. Hyg. 8, 166 (1953).
Fulton, P. A., R. H. Nelson, and F. F. Smith: The toxicity of lindane vapor to insects. J. Econ. Entomol. 43, 223 (1950).
Furman, D. P.: Toxicity of benzene hexaehloride to mammals. J. Econ. Entomol. 40, 518 (1947).
Furman, D. P. Control of the northern fowl mite. J. Econ. Entomol. 45, 926 (1952).
Furman, D. P., and R. D. Bankowski: Adsorption of benzene hexaehloride in poultry. J. Econ. Entomol. 42, 980 (1949).
Furman, D. P., and W. M. Hoskins: Benzene hexaehloride in cream from cow’s milk. J. Econ. Entomol. 41, 106 (1948).
Gakstatter, J. H.: Uptake from water by several species of freshwater fish of p,p’-DDT, dieldrin and lindane, their tissue distribution and elimination rate. Diss. Abstr. B27 (11), p. 3820B (1967).
Geissler, K.: Lindane residues in carrots following seed treatment. Nachr. Bl. dtsch. Pflanzensehutz Dienst. 15, 207 (1961); through Rev. Applied Entomol. A51, 556 (1963).
Ghosh, A. K.: The use of Gammexane (666) for the control of insect pests of stored rice. Indian Farming 8, 129 (1947).
Giles, P. H.: Control of insects infesting stored sorghum in Northern Nigeria. J. Stored Prod. Research 1, 145 (1965).
Gilpin, G. L., E. H. Dawson, E. L. Geissenhainer, and H. Reynolds: Flavor of peanuts and peanut products as affected by certain insecticides used in growing peanut crops. Food Technol. 7, 132 (1953).
Gilpin, G. L., and E. L. Geissenhainer: Flavor of sweet potatoes as affected by certain agricultural chemicals used as insecticides. Food Technol. 7, 137 (1953).
Gilpin, G. L., A. B. Parks, and H. Reynolds: Flavor of selected vegetables grown in pesticide contaminated sods. J. Agr. Food Chem. 5, 44 (1957).
Ginsburg, J. M.: Accumulation of DDT in soils from spray practices. J. Agr. Food Chem. 7, 322 (1959).
Gladenko, I. N., and V. A. Fortushynyi: Toxicity of foodstuffs obtained from plants treated with BHC. Veterinariya 31, 59 (1954).
Gleason, M. H., R. E. Gosselin, and H. C. Hodge: Clinical toxicology of commercial products, 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins (1963).
Godfrey, G. F., D. E. Howell, and F. Graybill: Effect of lindane on egg production. Poultry Sci. 32, 183 (1953).
Goldenson, J., and S. Sass: Estimation of hexachlorocyelohexane (666) in impregnated cloth. U. S. Chemical Warfare Service, Tech. Div. Memo Rept. 1280 (1946).
Goldenson, J., and S. Sass: Determination of hexachlorocyelohexane in impregnated cloth. Anal. Chem. 19, 320 (1947).
Gould, W. A., J. P. Sleesman, R. W. Rings, M. Lynn, F. Krantz, Jr., and D. Brown: Flavor evaluations of canned fruits and vegetables treated with newer organic insecticides. Food Technol. 5, 129 (1951).
Grant, A. E., and imperial chemical industries ldt.: Benzene hexaehloride Brit. pat. 504,569 (Apr. 26, 1939).
Gray, H. E., and F. L. Watters: Control of spider beetles in warehouses in Canada. Nat. Millers’ Assoc. Pamphlet (1954).
Green, A. A.: The control of insects infesting groundnuts after harvest in Gambia. II. Field trials on the control of the groundnut borer, Caryedon gonagra (F.). Trop. Sci. 2, 44 (1960)., Green, A. A. and J. Kane: A comparison of lindane, DDT and malathion for the protection of bagged groundnuts from infestations by T. castaneum. Trop. Sci. 290 (1960); through Rev. Applied Entomol. A49, 502 (1960.
Greenwood, M. L., and J. M. Tice: Palatability tests on potatoes grown in soil treated with the insecticides: benzene hexaehloride, chlordane and chlorinated camphene. J. Agr. Research 78, 477 (1949).
Greichus, Y. A., A. Grachus, and E. G. Reider: Insecticide residues in grouse and pheasant in South Dakota. Pesticides Monitoring J. 2, 90 (1968).
Griffiths, J. T., Jr., H. J. Reitz, and R. W. Olsen: Off flavor produced in Florida orange juice after application of organic insecticides. Agr. Chemicals 5, 41 (1950).
Grover, P. L., and P. Sims: The metabolism of gamma-2,3,4,5,6-pentachloroeyclo- hexene and gamma-hexachlorocyelohexane in rats. Biochem. J. 96, 521 (1965).
Gunther, F. A., D. L. Lindgren, and R. C. Blinn: Biological effectiveness and persistence of malathion and lindane used for protection of stored wheat. J. Econ. Entomol. 51, 843 (1958).
Gyrisco, G., L. B. Norton, G. W. Trimberger, R. F. Holland, P. J. McEnerney, and A. A. Muka: Effects of feeding low levels of insecticide residues on hay to dairy cattle on flavor and residues in milk. J. Agr. Food Chem. 7, 707 (1959).
Haines, R. G.: Evidence of lindane translocation in corn plants. J. Econ. Entomol. 49, 563 (1956).
Haller, H. L., and C. V. Bower: Basic facts about benzene hexachloride. Agr. Chemicals 2, 15 (1947).
Haller, H. L., and C. V. Bower and s. W. Simmons: A statement on health hazards of thermal generators as used for the control of flying insects. J. Econ. Entomol. 44, 1027 (1951).
Hardie, T.: Manufacture of benzene hexachloride. U. S. pat. 2,218,148 (Oct. 15, 1940).
Harrison, D. L., W. S. H. Poole, and J. C. M. Nol: Observations on feeding lindane-fortified mash to chickens. N. Zealand Vet. J. 11, 137 (1963).
Harwood, P. D.: Benzene hexachloride and poultry meat. Science 107, 113 (1948).
Hayes, W. J., Jr.: Agricultural chemicals and public health. U. S. Public Health Repts. 69, 893 (1954).
Hayes, W. J., Jr.: Clinical handbook on economic poisons. U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Public Health Service, Communicable Disease Center, Toxicological Section, Atlanta, Ga., Pub. 476 (1963).
Hayes, W. J., Jr.: Epidemiology of pesticides. Proc. Short Course on Occupational Health Aspects of Pesticides. Univ. of Oklahoma, pp. 109–130 (1964).
Hayes, W. J., Jr.: Review of the metabolism of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides especially in mammals. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. 5, 27 (1965).
Hayes, W. J., Jr.: DDT and some other chlorinated hydrocarbons forbidden as pesticides in Sweden. WHO/VBC/TOX/69.3, p. 2 (1969).
Hayes, W. J., Jr., E. Dale, and R. L. Breton: Storage of insecticides in French people. Nature 199, 1189 (1963).
Herken, H., and I. Klempau: Zur neurotropen Wirkung Weniger Hexachloro- cyclohexane. Naturwissenschaften 37, 493 (1950); through Biol. Abstr. 26, 30952 (1952).
Herken, H., H. Kewitz, and I. Klempau: Wiskungsterluste von Krampf giften durch HCH. Arch, exptl. Pathol. U. Pharmakol. 215, 217 (1952 a); through Chem. Abstr. 46, 9710i (1952).
Herken, H., M. Monnier, H. Coper, and H. Laue: Hemmung subkortical ausgeldster Krampfpotentiale durch ßllCH. Experientia 8, 432 (1952 b); through Chem. Abstr. 47, 3464e (1953).
Herrick, G. M., J. L. Fry, W. G. Fong, and D. C. Golden: Pesticide residues in eggs resulting from the dusting and short time feeding of low levels of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides to hens. J. Agr. Food Chem. 17, 291 (1969).
Hewlett, P. S., and B. Clayton: Pyrethrum-BHC sprays for stored product insects. 1950 Rept. Pest Infestation Research Board, p. 14 (1952).
Heyndrickx, A., and R. Maes: The excretion of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in human mother milk. J. Pharm. Belg. 24, 459 (1969).
Heys, Z.: Notiz über das Benzolhexachlorid. Z. Chem. 14, 293 (1871).
Hinreiner, E., and M. Simone: Effect of soil insecticides on flavor of vegetable crops. Hilgardia 26, 76 (1956).
Hixon, E., and M. H. Muma: Effect of benzene hexachloride on the flavor of poultry meat. Science 106, 422 (1947).
Hocking, B.: Effect of crude BHC on wheat seedlings. Nature 1963, 731 (1949).
Hocking, B.: On the effect of crude benzene hexachloride on cereal seedling. Sei. Agr. 30, 183 (1950).
Hoffman, W. S.: Clinical evaluation of the effects of pesticides on man. Ind. Med. Surg. 37, 289 (1968).
Hoffman, W. S., W. I. Fishbein, and M. B. Andelman: Pesticide storage in human fat tissue. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 188, 819 (1964).
Holmes, D. C., J. H. Simmons, and J. O’G. Tatton: Pesticide residues in foodstuffs in Britain. XII. Organochlorine insecticide residues in hens’ eggs from battery, deep litter and free range systems and from houses containing insecticide thermal vaporizers. J. Sei. Food Agr. 20, 495 (1969).
Holton, C. S., and L. H. Purdy: Comparative effectiveness of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and mercury preparations in controlling soil-borne common bunt in commercial field trials. Plant Disease Reporter 39, 842 (1955).
Hornstein, I.: Report on benzene hexachloride. J. Assoc. Official Agr. Chemists 37, 623 (1954).
Hornstein, I.: Determination of lindane in mushrooms. J. Agr. Food Chem. 3, 848 (1955).
Hornstein, I., H. Reynolds, and G. L. Gilpin: Benzene hexachloride content and flavor of peanuts grown in rotation with cotton, dusted with this insecticide. J. Agr. Food Chem. 2, 776 (1954).
Hornstein, I, and W. N. Sullivan: Determination of lindane in air. Anal. Chem. 25, 496 (1953).
Horton, R. J., L. Karel, and L. F. Chadwick: Toxicity of gamma-benzene hexachloride in clothing. Science 107, 246 (1948).
Howe, R. H., L. A. W. Hayward, and G. S. Cotterell: Control measures in 1948–50 against insects attacking groundnuts stored at Kono, Northern Nigeria. Bull. Entomol. Research 43, 259 (1952).
Huguley, C. M.: Hematological reactions. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 196, 408 (1966).
Hunter, C. G.: Allowable human body concentrations of organochlorine pesticides. Med. Lavora 59, 577 (1968).
Hynes, H. R. N.: Use of “Gammexane” dust against domestic cockroaches. Nature 159, 200 (1947).
Ida, M., and S. Katsuya: Studies on the effect of lindane fumigation in the optimum period to control insect injury to stored cereals. Botyu Kagaku 21, 92 (1956).
Iordanu, N. T., and F. L. Waiters: Temperature effects on the toxicity of five insecticides against five species on stored product insects. J. Econ. Entomol. 62, 130 (1969).
Ishida, M., and P. A. Dahm: Metabolism of benzene hexachloride isomers and related compounds in vitro. I. Properties and distribution of the enzymes. J. Econ. Entomol. 58, 383 (1965 a).
Ishida, M., and P. A. Dahm: Electron affinity and animal toxicity of benzene hexachloride isomers. J. Econ. Entomol. 58, 1164 (1965 b).
Ishh, S., and C. Hirano: Translocation of gamma BHC in rice plant cultured in aqueous solution of C14 gamma BHC. Jap. J. Applied Entomol. Zool. 6, 28 (1962); through Rev. Applied Entomol. A51, 616 (1962).
Ishh, S., S. Enjoji, and K. Sekiguchi: Systemic nature of gamma BHC in plants. Mode of action of BHC. Botyu-Kagaku 24, 184 (1959).
Ivey, M. C., R. H. Roberts, H. D. Mann, and H. V. Claborn: Lindane residues in chickens and eggs following poultry house sprays. J. Econ. En- tomol. 54, 487 (1961).
Jackson, J. B., M. C. Ivey, R. H. Roberts, and R. D. Radeleff: Residue studies in sheep and goats dipped in 0.025 percent lindane. J. Econ. Entomol. 52, 1031 (1959).
Jameson, H. R., and C. C. Tanner: Taint in potatoes grown on land treated with crude benzene hexachloride against wireworms. J. Sci. Food Agr. 2, 171 (1951).
Janyska, A., and P. Laska: On dieldrin and gamma BHC residues in the roots of carrots following seed treatment. Bull. Veg. Research Inst. Olomouc 6, 68 (1962).
Jedlicka, V. L., Z. Hermanska, I. Smida, and A. Konba: Paramyebolastic leukemia appearing simultaneously in two blood cousins after simultaneous contact with gammexane (Hexachlorocyclohexane). Acta Med. Scand. 161, 447 (1958).
Johnston, M. R.: Lindane residue in cucumber fermentation. Food Research 22, 331 (1957).
Jones, F. G. W., and K. P. Humphries: The use of seed dressings containing gamma BHC in the establishment of sugar-beet seedlings. Ann. Applied Biol. 41, 562 (1954).
Joslin, E. F., R. L. Forney, R. W. Huntington, Jr., and W. J. Hayes, Jr.: A fatal case of lindane poisoning. Proc. Nat. Assoc. Coroners. Seminars: 1958–1959, p. 53 (1960).
Jungfleisch, E.: Recherches sur les dérivés chlorés de la benzine. Ann. de Chim. et de Phys. 15, 186 (1868).
Kadis, V. W., and O. J. Jonasson: The detection and persistence of chlorinated insecticides in human and animal blood. Can. J. Public Health 56, 433 (1965).
Kennedy, J. S.: A trial of residual action of DDT and benzene hexachloride smoke deposits in kitchens, mainly against flies. Gr. Brit. Min. Supply (Porton), Rept. 1642 (W3092), p. 1 (1946).
Kewitz, H., and H. Reinert: The demonstration of the functional changes in the central nervous system as a result of electrically and chemically induced seizures. Arch. Exptl. Pathol. Pharmakol. 215, 93 (1952).
Kirkpatrick, M. E., B. M. Mount-Joy, L. C. Albright, F. W. Poos, and C. A. Weigel: Flavor and odour of cooked potatoes as affected by the use of lindane and benzene hexachloride as insecticides. Amer. Potato J. 792 (1951).
Kirkpatrick, M. E, J. L. Brogdon, and R. H. Mathew: Flavors of cantaloupes as affected by treatment with lindane. J. Agr. Food Chem. 8, 57 (1960).
Klimmer, O. R.: Toxicology of insecticidal hydrocarbons. Arch. Exptl. Pathol. Pharmakol. 227, 183 (1955).
Knipling, E. F.: Recent developments in insecticides of interest to pest control operators. Pests 15, 10 (1947).
Knipling, E. F.: New developments concerning residues in dairy, meat and other food products. Proc. N. Central States Br. Amer. Assoc. Econ. Entomol. 1950, 4 (1950).
Kockum, S.: Control of insects attacking maize on the cob in crib stores. E. African Agr. J. 23, 275 (1958).
Kockum, S.: Crib storage of maize. A trial with pyrethrin and lindane formulations. E. Afr. Agr. Forestry J. 31, 8 (1965); through Rev. Applied Entomol. A54, 442 (1966).
Kohn, G. K.: Attenuation of pesticidal residues on seeds. Residue Reviews 3 (1969).
Kok, L. T., and M. D. Pathak: Toxicity of lindane used for Asiatic rice borer control to three species of fish. J. Econ. Entomol. 59, 659 (1966).
Koransky, W., and J. Portig: Resorption, Verteilung and ausscheidwig von alpha und gamma hexachlorocyclohexane. Arch. Exptl. Pathol. Pharmacol. 244, 564 (1963).
Koransky, W., and J. Portig, H. W. Vohland, and J. Klempau: Die Elimination von alpha und gamma HCH und ihr Beeinflussimg durch Enzyme der Lebermicrosomen. Arch. Exptl. Pathol. Pharmacol. 247, 49 (1964 a).
Koransky, W., and J. Portig, H. W. Vohland, and J. Klempau: Activierung von Milrosomenenzymen durch Hexa-ehloroeyelohexane-lsomere. Ihr Einfluss auf die scillirosidver Giftung der Ratte. Arch. Exptl. Pathol. Pharmacol. 247, 61 (1964 b).
Koshekara, T.: Adsorption and translocation of gamma BHG in the rice plants through the root systems. Jap. J. Applied Entomol. Zool. 9, 13 (1965); through Rev. Applied Entomol. A53, 489 (1965).
Koslova, E. N., and E. C. Dvoritzova: Rendering plants toxic with organic insecticides. Dokl. vsesoyuz. Akad. Sch-khoz. Nauk Lenina 17, 41 (L953); through Rev. Applied Entomol. 41 A, 293 (1953).
Krishnaswami, S.: Studies on the insecticidal and adverse effects of DDT and BHC on vegetables. Indian J. Entomol. 16, 271 (1954).
Kwoczek, J.: Uber die Toxizität der DDT und Hexachlorzyklohexapraparate. Med. Mschr. 4, 25 (1950).
LaHue, D. W., B. W. Clements, Jr., and H. Womack: In storage treatments for the protection of farmers’ stock peanuts from insect damage-exploratory tests. U. S. Department of Agriculture Marketing Research Rept. No. 363 (1959).
Langlois, B. E., B. J. Liska, and D. L. Hill: The effects of processing and storage of dairy products on chlorinated insecticide residues. I. DDT and lindane. J. Milk Food Technol. 27, 264 (1964).
Koransky, W., and J. Portig, H. W. Vohland, and J. Klempau:: Methods for the protection of woolen materials tested by the U.S.D.A. Savannah Laboratory. Proc. 10th Internat. Congress Entomol., Montreal, Can. 4, 35 (1958).
Koransky, W., R. E. Bry, and L. L. McDonald: A new method of using lindane crystals for protecting boxed woolens against fabric insect damage. J. Econ. Entomol. 52, 525 (1959).
Lee, Sung-Yang: Laboratory studies of the translocation of benzene hexachloride in rice for control of the Asiatic rice borer Chilo suppressalis. J. Econ. Entomol. 58, 331 (1965).
Lee, Sung-Yang: Further studies of the translocation of benzene hexachloride in rice for control of the Asiatic rice borer. J. Econ. Entomol. 59, 1281 (1966).
Lehman, A. J.: The toxicology of the newer agricultural chemicals. Quart. Bull. Assoc. Food Drug Officials U. S. 12, 82 (1948).
Lehman, A. J.: The major toxic actions of insecticides. Amer Profess. Pharmacist 15, 907 (1949).
Lehman, A. J.: Classified pesticides from public hazard standpoint. Food Packer 31, 34 (1950
Lehman, A. J.: Some toxicologieal reasons why certain chemicals may or may not be permitted as food additives 1950. Quart. Bull. Assoc. Food Drug Officials of the U. S. 14, 82 (1950 b).
Lehman, A. J.: Chemicals in food. II. Pesticides. Quart. Bull. Assoc. Food Drug Officials of the U. S. 15, 1 (1951); 16, 3 (1952); 17, 3 (1953).
Lehman, A. J, F. A. Vorhes, L. L. Ramsey, E. C. Hagan, O. G. Fitzhugh, P. J. Schouboe, J. H. Draize, E. I. Goldenthal, W. D’Aguanno, E. P. Laug, E. J. Umberger, O. H. Gass, R. E. Zwickey, K. J. Davis, H. A. Braun, A. A. Nelson, and B. J. Voss: Appraisal of the safety of chemicals in foods, drugs and cosmetics. Editorial Committee, Assoc. Food Drug Officials of the U. S., Austin, Texas, p. 107 (1959).
Leigh, G. M.: Degradation of selected chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides. J. Water Pollution Control. Fed. 41, (11 Part 2), 450 (1969); through Biol. Abstr. 51, 3264 (1970).
Lichtenstein, E. P.: Absorption of some chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides from soils into various crops. J. Agr. Food Chem. 7, 530 (1950).
Lichtenstein, E. P., T. W. Fuhremann, N. E. A. Scopes, and R. F. Skrentny: Translocation of insecticides from soils into pea plants. J. Agr. Food Chem. 15, 864 (1967).
Lichtenstein, E. P., and K. R. Schulz: Translocation of some chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides into aerial parts of pea plants. J. Agr. Food Chem. 8, 452 (1960).
Lilly, J. H., and J. E. Fahey: Translocation of BHC from high-dosage soil treatments applied before planting. J. Econ. Entomol. 49, 815 (1956).
Lin, T.: Residual persistence on the control of granary insects with insecticide dust. Agr. Research 9, 24 (1960).
Linder, R. L., and R. B. Dalgren: Occurrence of organochlorine insecticides in pheasants of South Dakota. Pesticides Monitoring J. 3, 227 (1970).
Lindquist, H. G., and R. W. Donaldson: Benzene hexachloride flavored milk from feeding potatoes grown in soils treated with the chemical. J. Milk Food Technol. 11, 325 (1948).
Lipscombe, S. O.: Residues in food and feed. Pesticides Monitoring J. 2, 104 (1968).
Liska, B. J., G. C. Mostert, B. E. Langlois, and W. J. Stadelman: Problems resulting from the misuse of lindane for ehigger control on turkey ranges as related to residue in edible tissues. J. Econ. Entomol. 57, 682 (1964).
Liska, B. J., and W. J. Stadelman: Effects of processing on pesticides in foods. Residue Reviews 29, 61 (1969).
Lodha, B. K., and P. B. Lal: Effect of pesticide treatments of seeds on the rhizosphere microflora of some field crops. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sei. 17, 75 (1969).
Loge, J. P.: Aplastic anemia following exposure to benzene hexachloride (lindane). J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 193, 110 (1965).
MacLinn, W. A., J. P. Reed, and J. C. Campbell: Flavors of potatoes as influenced by organic insecticides. Amer. Potato J. 27, 207 (1950).
Mahoney, C. H.: Flavor and quality changes in fruits and vegetables in the U. S. caused by application of pesticide chemicals. Residue Reviews 1, 10 (1962).
Maier-Bode, H.: Vergiftungen durch Pflanzenschultzmittel-Rückstände-Pflanzen- sehutzberichte (Wien) 30, 49 (1963).
Maier-Bode, H.: Pflanzenschutzmittel-Rückstände. Insektizide. Stuttgart: Verlag Eugen Ulmer (1964).
Manolache, F., and I. Morlova: The action of BHC preparations on the root structure of beet. Incrarile Stiint. Inst. Agron “N Balasau” 1961, 90 (1961); through Rev. Applied Entomol. A51, 320 (1962).
Marchand, M., P. Dubrulle, and M. Goudenard: A granulocytosis in a patient exposed to hexachlorocyclohexane vapors. Arch, des Maladies Professionelles 17, 256 (1956).
Marearían, H., J. J. Pratt, Jr., F. Kane, and B. H. Kantack: Insecticide residue in foods subjected to aerosols under simulated warehouse conditions. J. Econ. Entomol. 59, 844 (1966).
Martin, R. J., and R. E. Duggan: Pesticide residues in total diet samples. III. Pesticides Monitoring J. 1, 11 (1968).
Martin, W. E.: Organochlorine insecticide residues in starlings. Pesticides Monitoring J. 3, 102 (1969).
Mathlein, R.: The effect of DDT and benzene hexachloride preparations on flour. Vaztsjtddsbituser 1947 3, 36 (1947); through Rev. Applied Entomol. A37, 322 (1949).
Mathur, D. S.: Histopathological changes in the liver of certain fishes as induced by BHC and lindane. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. (India) Sect. B32, 429 (1962).
McCully, K. A., and W. P. McKinley: Determination of chlorinated pesticide residues in fat by electron capture gas chromatography. J. Assoc. Official Agr. Chemists 47, 652 (1964).
McLeod, W. S.: The effect of hexachlorocyclohexane on onion seedlings. J. Econ. Entomol. 39, 815 (1946).
McGee, L. C.: The toxicology of some agricultural chemicals: A review of accidental poisoning of human beings by chlorinated insecticides. Trans. Amer. Clin. Climat. Assoc. 68, 69 (1956).
McNamara, B. P., and S. Krop: Observations on the pharmacology of the isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane. J. Pharmacol. Exptl. Therap. 92, 140 (1948).
Melis, R.: Tolerability of small doses of lindane by warm-blooded animals. Nuovi ann. igiene e microbiol. 6, 90 (1955).
Milby, T. T., and M. F. Lawatsch: The effect of benzene hexachloride on the flavor of poultry meat and notes on its use for the control of external poultry parasites. Poultry Sei. 27, 245 (1948).
Milby, T. T., A. J. Samuels, and F. Ottoboni: Human exposure to lindane: Blood lindane levels as a function of exposure. J. Occupât. Med. 10, 584 (1969).
Miller, M. W., L. O. Boggs, and G. E. Beajrse: The effect of hexachlorocyclohexane roost paints on flavor and odor of chicken meat and eggs. Poultry Sei. 27, 676 (1948).
Milhaud, G., and L. Richou: Toxicology des insecticides organochlorés. Ann. Hyg. Langue Française 2, 31 (1966).
Milne, F. N. J.: The effect of benzene hexachloride in poultry feed on meat and egg quality. Queensland J. Agr. Sei. 10, 214 (1953).
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (Gr. Br.): Review of the persistent organoehlorine pesticides. Rept. of Advisory Committee on Poisonous Substances Used in Agriculture and Food Storage, London (1964).
Minyard, J. P., and E. R. Jackson: Pesticide residues in commercial animal feeds. J. Assoc. Official Agr. Chemists 46, 843 (1963).
Moore, C.: Exposure to insecticides, bone marrow failure, gastrointestinal bleeding and uncontrollable infections (Clinical-Pathological Conference) Amer. J. Med. 19, 274 (1955).
Moore, S., III.: The effect of lindane vapor on canaries and pigeons. J. Econ. Entomol. 45, 1092 (1952).
Moore, S., and H. L. Sweetman: Laboratory and field tests with vaporized lindane against four species of roaches. J. Econ. Entomol. 45, 655 (1952).
Moore, S., A. H. Toczydlowki, and H. L. Sweetman: Fly control experiments in Massachusetts in 1950. J. Econ. Entomol. 44, 731 (1951).
Morrison, F. O.: The effect of hexachlorocyclohexane added to the soil on seed germination, crop growth and barley yield. 31st Rept. Quebec Soc. Prot. Plants 1948–49, 122 (1950).
Morrison, F. O.: Effect of soil treatment with BHC and lindane on barley yields. J. Econ. Entomol. 46, 173 (1953).
Moubry, P. R. J., G. R. Mydral, and A. Storges: Rate of decline of chlorinated hydrocarbons pesticides in dairy milk. Pesticides Monitoring J. 2, 72 (1968).
Mrak, E. M.: Report of the secretary’s commission on pesticides and their relationship to environmental health. Parts I and II. U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, p. 677 (1969).
Müller, W.: Die Giftigkeit von Hexapraparaten (Hexachlorocyclohexane) beim Geflügel. Geflügelhof 15, 299 (1952); through Biol. Abstr. 26, 31348 (1952).
Muthu, M. Y., and S. V. Pingale: Control of insect pests in grains stored in insecticide impregnated jute bags. J. Sei. Food Agr. 6, 637 (1955).
Nalbandov, D., R. T. Yamamoto, and G. S. Fraenkel: Recommended methods of analysis of pesticide residues in foodstuffs. Rept. BHC panel ofScientific Sub-committee of the Advisory Committee on Poisonous Substances used in Agriculture and Food Storage, Analytical Methods Committee of the Society for Analytical Chemistry and Association of British manufacturers of Agricultural Chemicals: The determination of small amounts of BHC in flour and edible oils. Analyst 87, 220 (1962).
Nasir, M. M.: DDT, 666 and insect pests of stored grains. Current Sci. (India) 15, 98 (1946).
Nasir, M. M.: Responses of pests to fumigation. V. The toxicity of the free and sorbed vapours of BHC and DDT to some insects infesting stored products. Bull. Entomol. Research 45, 639 (1954).
Ndukwe, K. U., and M. A. Cornes: Effect of lindane on the germination of maize seed. Rept. Nigerian Stored Prod. Research Inst. 1965, 89 (1966); through Rev. Applied Entomol. A55, 392 (1967).
Negherbon, W. O.: Handbook of toxicology. Philadelphia and London: Saunders (1959).
Nicholson, H. P.: Pesticide pollution control. Science 158, 871 (1967).
Nobrega, S. A., O. J. Boock, A. Orlando, and D. Puzzi: Dusting seed potato tubers for the control of P. maritimus. Arq. Inst. Biol. 28, 127 (1961).
O’Farrell, A. F., B. M. Jones, and G. A. Brett: The persistent toxicity under standard field conditions of pyrethrum, DDT and “Gammexane” against pests of stored food. Bull. Entomol. Research 40, 135 (1949).
Ortega, P., W. J. Hayes, and W. F. Durham: Pathologic changes in the liver of rats after feeding low levels of various insecticides. Arch. Pathol. 64, 614 (1957).
Orr, J. W.: Absence of carcinogenic activity of benzene hexachloride (“Gammexane”). Nature 162, 189 (1948).
Owen, E.: Gammexane control of insect pest of grain. J. Inst. Brewing 53, 236 (1947).
Paccagnelia, B., L. Pratt, and G. Cavazzini: Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in the adipose tissue of persons of the province of Ferrara. Nuovi. Ann. Ig. Microbiol. 18, 17 (1967).
Pali, N. S.: Studies on jute bag impregnation for the control of graminivorous insects. Indian J. Entomol. 22, 211 (1961); through Rev. AppHed Entomol. A50, 500 (1962).
Parkin, E. A.: The onset of insecticide resistance among field populations of stored-products’ insects. Stored Prod. Research 1, 3 (1965).
Parkin, E. A.: The relative toxicity and persistence of insecticides applied as water-dispersible powders against stored-product beetles. Ann. Applied Biol. 57, 1 (1966).
Parkin, E. A., and G. T. Bills: Resistance of some grain insects to BHC dust. Rept. Pest Infestation Research Board, 1952 (London), p. 21 (1953).
Parkin, E. A., and B. I. C. Scott: Germination of food-crop seeds stored in contact with lindane and DDT dusts. Trop. Sci. 1, 206 (1959).
Passlow, T.: Destruction of sorghum midge in seed grain. Queensland J. Agr. Sci. 15, 37 (1958).
Pepper, B. B., J. P. Reed, and J. C. Campbell: Investigations on wireworm control with organic insecticides in New Jersey. Amer. Potato J. 26, 315 (1949).
Peru, S. L.: Control of insect infestation in foodstuffs by fumigation. Labder. J. Sci. Technol. 3, 64 (1965)
Peru, S. L., R. C. Wal, and B. S. Nigam: Toxicity of synthetic contact insecticides to food pests. Labder. J. Sci. Technol. 3, 213 (1965).
Philippot, E., and M. J. Dallemagne: The toxicity of gammexane. Experientia 3, 118 (1947).
Phillips, W. F.: Colorimetric estimation of residual benzene hexaehloride. Anal. Chem. 24, 196 (1952).
Phillips, W. F., M. C. Bowman, and R. J. Schuttheiss: Estimation of insecticide residues in food through parallel screening methods. J. Agr. Food Chem. 10, 486 (1962).
Pimental, D., and M. H. J. Weiden: Protection of stored woolens from insect damage. J. Econ. Entomol. 52, 457 (1959).
Pingale, S. V.: Impregnation of jute bag containers with insecticides for protecting stored foodstuffs. II. Efficiency of lindane. Indian J. Entomol. 17, 295 (1956).
Pintos Dos Matos, A. H., and H. F. Cicade Mourae: Recommended analytical methods for pesticides. 27 technical BHC dusts and water dispersible powders, F.A.O. Plant Prot. Bull 12, No. 5, 114 (1964).
Perez, M. do. C. V.:Carpophilus hemipterus (L). (Coleoptera-Nitidulidae) Praga Figo Armazenado (C. hemyeterus, a pest of stored figs). Rev. Agron. 42, 1 (1959).
Poos, F. W., T. N. Dobbins, E. T. Batten, and C. M. Boush: Tests with benzene hexaehloride for the control of insects attacking peanuts 1946–1949 U. S. Department of Agriculture E.820 (1951).
Popov, P. A.: Pre-sowing treatment of the seeds of some crops with BHC and its effect on yield. Rast. Zasht. 11, 18 (Sofia) (1963 a); through Rev. Applied Entomol. A51, 418 (1963).
Popov, P. A.: Pre-sowing treatment of wheat seed with BHC as a means of controlling the larvae of the cereal June beetle (Anphimallon caucasicus Gykk.) and its effect on plant development. Izv. Inst. Zasht. Rast. Kostinbrod 4, 139 (1963 b); through Rev. Applied Entomol. A53, 171 (1965).
Porter, K., and W. E. Beard: Retention and volatilization of lindane and DDT in the presence of organic colloids isolated from soils and leonardite. J. Agr. Food Chem. 16, 344 (1968).
Pradhan, A., Lal Rattan, and K. Silva Pao: Effects of carriers on the toxicity ofgamma BHC and p,p r -DDT dust formulations. Indian J. Entomol. 21, 118 (1961).
Prevett, P. F.: An investigation into storage problems of rice in Sierra Leone. Colon. Research Station No. 28, Ind. Colonial Office HMSO (1959).
Princi, F.: Hazards in the use and formulation of insecticides. Wise. Med. J. 53, 621 (1954).
Purchase, H. S.: Toxicity trials with the insecticide 666 on rabbits, sheep and a bovine. Vet. Research 57, 211 (1945).
Przezdziecki, C.: Biochemical changes occurring in the internal organs of rats under the influence of pesticides. Rocz. Pantswowego Zakl. Hig. 20, 231.
Queen, W. A.: Distribution and adsorption characteristics of vaporized lindane. Quart. Bull. Assoc. Food & Drug Officials of the U. S. 17, 127 (1953).
Radeleff, R. D.: Effects of various levels of lindane in the feed of beef cattle. Vet. Med. 46, 105 (1951).
Radeleff, R. D., R. C. Bushland, and H. V. Claborn: Toxicity to livestock. In U.S.D.A. Yearbook of Agriculture “Insects,” pp. 276–283 (1952).
Rao, T. S., S. Dutt, and K. Mangaiah: TLm values of some modern pesticides to fresh water fish Puntius puckekki. Environ. Health 9, 103 (1969).
Rasulev, I. A., K. Kh. Salikhev, and Z. E. Barabash: The clinical picture of hexachlorocyelohexane poisoning. Med. ZH. Uzbekistana 1, 14 (1965); through Biol. Abstr. 47, Item 27892 (1966).
Raucourt, M.: Revue de phytopharmaeie. Ann. Agron. (Paris) 15, 379 (1945).
Reynolds, H., G. L. Gilpin, and I. Hornstein: Palatability and chemical studies on peanuts grown in rotation with cotton dusted with insecticides containing benzene hexaehloride. J. Agr. Food Chem. 1, 772 (1958).
Reynolds, H., G. L. Gilpin, and I. Hornstein: Seed and soil treatment with insecticides. Adv. Pest Control Research 2, 153 (1958).
Richabdson, L. T., and D. M. Miller: Fungitoxicity of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in relation to water solubility and vapour pressure. Can. J. Bot. 38, 163 (1960).
Robertson, D. R., D. L. Smith, and A. J. Koback: Insecticide handbook for Manitoba pesticide dealers. Manitoba Dept. Agr. and Conservation, Winnipeg, Man. (1961).
Robinson, J.: Residues of organochlorine insecticides in dead birds in the United Kingdom. Chem. & Ind. 47, 1974 (1967).
Robinson, J., A. Richardson, C. G. Hunter, A. N. Crabtree, and H. J. Rees: Organo-chlorine insecticide content of human adipose tissue in South-Eastern England. Brit. J. Ind. Med. 22, 220 (1965).
Rodriguez, J. A., and W. A. Gould: Effect of technical benzene hexaehloride and lindane on the flavor of tomatoes and potatoes. J. Econ. Entomol. 43, 498 (1950).
Rhower, S. A.: Initial flavor and odor studies with benzene hexaehloride. Agr. Chemicals 8 (4), 35 (1949).
Rowlands, D. G.: Metabolism of insecticides on stored cereals. Residue Reviews 17, 105 (1966
Rowlands, D. G.: The metabolism of contact insecticides in stored grains. Residue Reviews 17, 105 (1966
Rosenstiehl: Benzene hexaehloride. Acad. des. Sci. Compt. Rend. 54, 178 (1962).
Rudd, R. L., and R. E. Genelly: Lindane repellant to pheasants. Calif. Agr. 8, 13 (1954).
Salas, L., and R. F. Ruppel: Effectiveness of insecticides applied as dusts for the control of the principal pest of stored beans and maize in Colombia. Agr. Trop. 15, 93 (1959); through Rev. Applied. Entomol. A50, 500 (1962).
San Antonio, J. P.: Demonstration of lindane and lindane metabolites in plants by paper chromatography. J. Agr. Food Chem. 7, 322 (1959).
Sanchez-Medal, L., J. P. Castanedo, and F. Garcias-Rojas: Insecticides and aplastic anemia. New England J. Med. 269, 1365 (1963).
Schechter, M. S., and I. Hornstein: Colorimetric determination of benzene hexaehloride. Anal. Chem. 24, 544 (1952).
Schesser, J. H., W. E. Peiddle, and E. P. Farrel: Insecticidal residues in milling fractions from wheat treated with methoxyehlor, malathion and lindane. J. Econ. Entomol. 51, 516 (1958).
Schmideberg, J., and H. J. Wasserburger: The acute toxicity of BHC to man. Anz. Sehadhengsk 26, 129 (1953); through Rev. Applied Entomol. A43, 148 (1951).
Schulze, F., H. L. Sweetman, and P. J. Spear: Toxicity of lindane vapor to tropical fish. J. Econ. Entomol. 45, 1094 (1952).
Schuttmann, W.: Chronic liver diseases after occupational exposure to diehloro- phenyltriehlorethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). Internat. Arch. Gewerbepath. Gewerbehyg. 24, 193 (1968).
Schwartz, F.: Further physiological investigations on the action of gamma benzene hexaehloride. Arch. Exptl. Pathol. Pharmacol. 217, 194 (1953).
Scott, J. H., G. E. Cartwright, and M. Wintrobe: Acquired aplastic anemia; Analysis of 39 cases and review of pertinent literature. Meaicine 38, 119 (1959).
Sedlak, V. A.: Solubility of benzene hexaehloride isomers in rat fat. Toxicol. Applied Pharmacol. 7, 78 (1965).
Selby, Lloyd A., K. W. Newell, G. A. Hauser, and Gladys Junker: Comparison of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides in maternal blood and placental tissues. Environ. Research 2, 247 (1969).
Shapiro, I. D.: On the toxic action of hexachlorane on insects through the plant. Doki, Akad. Nauk. SSR(NS) 80, 481 (1951).
Siakotos, A. N.: Contamination of food and air by lindane vapor. J. Econ. Entomol. 49, 212 (1956 a).
Siakotos, A. N. Package exposure to continuously vaporized lindane. J. Econ. Entomol. 49, 481 (1956 b).
Silberschmidt, K.: Influences of high dosages of BHC on the development of coffee plants in pots. Arq. Inst. Biol. 20, 217 (1951).
Silva e Sousa, M. E.: Losses in effectiveness found in treatments of wheat with insecticidal powders containing DDT, lindane and malathion. Agricultura Lisb. 27 28 (1965); through Rev. Applied Entomol. 56A, 43 (1968).
Simkover, H. G., and R. D. Shenefelt: Phytotoxicity of some insecticides to coniferous seedlings with particular reference to benzene hexachloride. J. Econ. Entomol. 45, 11 (1952).
Simmons, J. H., and J. O’G. Tatton: Organoehlorine pesticides in gallstones. Clin. Chem. 12, 690 (1966). Slade, R.: A new British insecticide the gamma isomer of benzene hexachloride. Chem. Trade J. 116, 279 (1945).
Smallman, B. N.: Effectiveness of residual insecticides for the control of spider beetles (Ptinidae) in flour warehouses. J. Econ. Entomol. 41, 869 (1948).
Smith, C. F., I. D. Jones, and J. A. Rigney: Effect of insecticides on the flavor of peaches—1948. J. Econ. Entomol. 42, 618 (1949).
Soares de Gouveia, A. J.: First results of tests with insecticide dusts for the control of Z. subfasciatus. Bol. Pet. Veg. Entomol. Agr. 24, 201 (1960).
somme, L.: Investigations on the control of the Mediterranean flour moth (Anagasta kuehniella). Forskn. Fors. Landbr. 13, 169 (1962).
Srivastava, A. S., and H. F. Wilson: Benzene hexachloride as a fumigant and a contact insecticide. J. Econ. Entomol. 40, 569 (1947).
Stadelman, W. J., B. J. Liska, G. E. Langlois, G. C. Mostert, and A. R. Stemp: Persistence of chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in chicken tissues and eggs. Poultry Sei. 43, 1365 (1964).
Starks, K. J., and J. H. Lilly: Some effects of insecticide seed treatment on dent corn. J. Econ. Entomol. 48, 549 (1955).
Starnes, O.: Adsorption and translocation of insecticides through the root systems of plants. J. Econ. Entomol. 43, 338 (1950).
utt, L. L., and J. Evanson: Phytotoxicity and off-quality of vegetables grown in soil treated with insecticides. J. Econ. Entomol. 42, 612 (1949).
Stoker, R. I.: The phytotoxicity of DDT and of benzene hexachloride. Ann. Applied Biol. 34, 110 (1948).
Stören, G.: A case of fatal poisoning by Jacutin (lindane) insecticide and moth protective agent. Nord. Hyg. J. 36, 77 (1955).
Strong, R. G., and D. E. Sbur: Evaluation of insecticides as protectants against pests of stored grain and seed. J. Econ. Entomol. 54, 235 (1961).
Sugimoto, A.: Bioassay of 7-BHC residues in rice grains and straws. Jap. J. Applied Entomol. Zool. 10, 156 (1966); through Rev. Applied Entomol A55, 184 (1967).
Sullivan, W. N.: A method of dispersing lindane vapor in air. J. Econ. Entomol. 44, 125 (1951).
Sullivan, W. N.: Tests with lindane vapor for freeing aircraft from insects. J. Econ. Entomol. 45, 544 (1952). Swackhammer, A. B.: Report on pesticide residues in restaurant meals in Canada. Pesticide Progress 3, 108 (1965).
Sweetman, H. L., L. F. Wells, Jr., A. H. Toxzydlowski, and S. Moore III: Mange and fly control with lindane in a piggery. J. Econ. Entomol. 44, 112 (1951).
Sweetman, H. L., and F. J. Spear: Vaporization of insecticides. Trans. IX Internat. Congress Entomol. (Amsterdam, 1951), p. 1030 (1952).
Sykes, R. L.: Effectiveness of various inseeticidal preparations for controlling Dermestidae (Coleoptera) on skins. J. Entomol. Soc. S. Africa 23, 317 (1960).
Tan, Hsien-Chang, Li Yen-Sheng, Ma Yu-Lien, Hsu Shu-I, Lu Chim-Tsung, Chang Kuo-Lian, Fan T’Ien, and ChiangJe-Lan: Evaluation of lindane dust as a protectant for stored grain-effectiveness and residues of various methods of mixing. Acta Phytophyl. Sin. 4, 93 (1965).
Taylor, H., and J. Frodsham: Assay of toxic effect of “gammexane” on man and animals. Nature 158, 558 (1946).
Telford, H. S.: Benzene hexachloride to control certain insects affecting domestic animals. J. Econ. Entomol. 40, 918 (1947).
Teotia, T. P. S., and S. Rajendra: Relative toxicity of some modern insecticides to two species of storage pests. Labdev. J. Sci. Technol. 7(b), 1 and 50 (1969); through Biol. Abstr. 51, 535 (1970).
Terriere, L. C., and D. W. Ingalsbe: Translocation and residual action of soil insecticides. J. Econ. Entomol. 46, 751 (1953).
Tiittanen, K., and A. L. Varis: The effect of storage on the germination of lindane treated seeds and on the efficacy of such treatment in controlling flea beetles (Phyllotreta spp.) and cabbage root flies (Hylemyia spp.). Ann. Agr. Fenn. 2, 44 (1963); through Rev. Applied Entomol. A53, 410 (1965).
Tiromalaroo, V., and K. R. Nagarajarao: A note on the control of Lasioderma serricorne (F). A pest of stored dry ginger. Indian J. Entomol. 16, 416 (1955).
Toczydlowski, A. H., and S. Moore, III: Prevention and eradication of wool pests with continuously dispersed insecticide. J. Econ. Entomol. 44, 1016 (1951).
Tolot, F., J. P. Lenglet, G. Frost, and J. Bertholon: Polyneurite due au lindane. Arch. Maladies Professionalles 30, 443 (1969).
Torii, T.: Penetration and translocation of gamma-BHC topically applied to some plants with insect galls. (A supplement to and general considerations on studies on the biological control of the chestnut gall wasp.) J. Faculty Agr. Shinshu Univ. 2, 161 (1960).
Torii, T.: Girdling experiments on the translocation of topically applied radio active gamma-BHC (labelled C14) in certain woody plants with insect galls. J. Faculty Agr. Shinshu Univ. 4, 355 (1961).
Trautmann, W. L., G. Chesters, and H. B. Pionke: Pesticides in soils. Pesticides Monitoring J. 2, 93 (1968).
Treece, R. E., and G. W. Ware: Lindane residues on alfalfa and in milk. J. Econ. Entomol. 58, 218 (1965).
Tremblay, E.: A study of the morphology and bionomics of Necrobia rufipes DeG. Boll. Lab. Entomol. Agr. Portia 16, 49 (1958).
Treon, J. F., F. E. Shafer, F. R. Dutra. J. Cappel, T. Gahegan, and N. Nedderman: The effects of repetitive exposure of animals to lindane vapor with some observations on distribution of lindane in their tissues. Rept. Kettering Lab., Univ. Cincinnati (1951).
Tressler, C.: Off flavor in processed foods from use of insecticides. Exhibits 1270 and 1271, U. S. Food and Drug Hearings (1950).
Truhaut, R.: Communication au symposium internationale de la prevention du cancer, Sao Paulo (1954).
Tsvetkov, D., and V. Bogdanov: Tests on the control of the granary weevil Sitophilus granarius L. with chemicals for fumigating and dusting wheat grain. Izv. Tsentr. Nauehnoizsled. Inst. Zasht. Rast 1, 153 (1961)
Tsukano, Y., and T. Suzuki: Deposition and persistence ofgamma-BHC sprayed on rice plants in different formulations. Botyu-Kagaku 27, 6 (1962 a).
Tsukano, Y., and T. Suzuki: Adsorption and translocation of gamma-BHC by rice plants. Botyu-Kagaku 27, 12 (1962 b), through Rev. Applied Entomol. A52, 191 (1964).
Turner, N.: Counteracting the effect of benzene hexachloride on flavor of potatoes. J. Econ. Entomol. 43, 109 (1950).
Turtle, E. E., A. Taylor, E. N. Wright, R. J. P. Hearle, H. Egan, W. H. Evans, and N. M. Soutar: Effects on birds of certain chlorinated insecticides used as seed dressings. J. Sci. Food Agr. 14, 567 (1963).
U.S.D.A.-A.R.S.-Pesticide Regulation Division: Interpretation number 13 of the regulations for the enforcement of the Federal Insecticide. Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act. Interpretation with respect to liquid, powdered and pressurized household insecticides acceptable for depositing inseeticidal chemical residues. (1964 a).
U.S.D.A.-A.R.S.-Pesticide Regulation Division: Interpretation number 15 of the regulations for the enforcement of the Federal Insecticide. Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act. Interpretation with respect to liquid and pressurized household insecticides acceptable for gener- eralized application. (Primarily non-deposit forming). Review 1 (1964 b).
U. S. Department of the Interior: Water quality criteria. Report of the National Technical Advisory Committee to the Secretary of the Interior. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Washington, D. C. (1968).
U. S. Production and Marketing Administration, Insecticide Division: Caution statements for insecticides containing benzene hexachloride (May 2, 1947).
U. S. Public Health Service, Savannah, Ga.: Method for the determination of lindane. Chem. No. 2 TDL 6–30-53 (1949).
U. S. Public Health Service, Savannah, Ga.: Clinical memoranda on economic poisons (1956).
Van Asperen, K.: Interaction of the isomers of benzene hexachloride in mice. Arch. Internat. Pharmacodynamics 99, 368 (1954).
Van Asperen, K.: Distribution and metabolism of hexaehlorocyclohexane in mammals. Proc. IVth Intemat Congress Crop Protection, Hamburg, Sept. 1957; Section XVII, 1619 (1960); through Rev. Applied Entomol. A51, 467 (1963).
Van Blaricom, Q. O.: Outline of testimony presented on the effect of various organic insecticides on the flavor of peaches. U. S. Food and Drug Hearings (1950).
Van Der Helm, G. W., and J. G. Klapwijk: The influence of some insecticides on the flavor of carrots. Dir Van de Tuinbouw. Meded. 13, 260 (1950).
Van Raalte, H. G. S.: Comparative hazards for some insecticides. Ind. Med. Suggestions 34, 160 (1965).
Vashkov, V. I., and E. K. Serebryakova: Some data on the toxic features of hexaehlorocyclohexane. Med. Parasitol 16 (No. 1), 41 (1947); through Rev. Applied Entomol. A36, 129 (1948).
Veenebos, J. A. J.: Zaadbehandeling mit landaan ter bestrijiding van aardvlooien bij vlas. Landbouwvoorlichting 14, 142 (1957).
Volkova, A. P.: The toxicity of 7-BHC to warm-blooded animals. Moscow Mezh Method, kom. koloradsk. Zhuku Akad. Nank. SSR. 134, 37 (1959).
Walkden, H. H., and H. D. Nelson: Evaluation of lindane for the protection of stored wheat and shelled corn from insect attack. U.S.D.A. Amsterdam Marketing Research Report No. 234 (1958).
Ware, G. W.: BHC contamination of chicken eggs from treated litter. J. Econ. Entomol. 54, 802 (1961).
Ware, G. W., and L. O. Gilmore: Lindane in milk from sprayed cows. J. Econ. Entomol. 52, 349 (1959 a).
Ware, G. W., and L. O. Gilmore: Excretion of BHC in milk from dairy cows fed known amounts of BHC. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta. Research Circ. 68 (1959 b).
Ware, G. W., and E. C. Naber: Lindane in eggs and chicken tissues. J. Econ. Entomol.54, 675 (1961).
Ware, G. W., and E. C. Naber: Lindane and BHC in egg yolks following recommended uses for louse and mite control. J. Econ. Entomol. 55, 568 (1962).
Wasserman, M., G. Mihail, G. Vancea, G. Mandric, S. Iliescu, D. B. Raileaunu, Il S. Losubas, and L. Nestos: III. Correlation entre les troubles clinique chronaximetrique et biochimiques. Arch. Maladies Professionelles Med Travail Sécurité Soc. 23, 18 (1962); through Biol. Abstr. 44, Item 6673 (1964).
Wasserman, M., G. Pebdefunda, M. Merling, G. Mihail, G. Sandulescu, and G. Vancea: Recherches sur le conditions de milieu et sur la pathologie professionelle des désanophélisateurs. L’intoxication chronique par l’hexachloro- cyclohexane (H.C.H.). II2 note.—Les modification clinique déterminées par l’action de l’H.C.H. sur les agents désanophélisateurs. Arch. Maladies Professionelles Med. du Travail Sécurité Soc. 22, 308 (1961); through Biol. Abstr. 44, 176 (1964).
Wasserman, M., G. Sandulescu, S. Iliescu, and G. Mandric: Recherches sur le conditions de milieu et sur la pathologie professionelle des agent désanophélisateurs. L’intoxication chronique par Fhexachlorocyelohexane (H.C.H.). Arch. Maladies Professionelles Med. Travail Sécurité Soc. 21, 195 (1960); through Biol. Abstr. 37, 587 (1962).
Waiters, F. L.: Stored grain pests and their control in the Prairie Provinces. Line Elevators Farm Service (1959).
Waiters, F. L.: Effectiveness of lindane, malathion, methoxychlor and pyrethrins-piperonyl butoxide against the spider beetle, Ptinus filliger. J. Econ. Entomol. 54, 397 (1961).
Waiters, F. L., and O. W. Grussendorf: Toxicity and persistence of lindane and methoxychlor on building surfaces for stored grain insect control. J. Econ. EntomoL 62, 1101 (1969).
Way, M. J.: Experiments on the mode of action of insecticidal seed dressings especially againstLeptohylemyria coaretata Fall., Muscidae, the wheat bulb fly. Ann. Applied Biol. 47, 783 (1959).
Weikel, J. H., E. P. Lang, and R. Tomchich: Ion movement across the rabbit erythrocyte membrane as affected by chlorinated insecticides. Arch. Internat. Pharmacodynamics 113, (314), 261 (1958).
West, I.: Lindane and hematologic reactions. Arch. Environ. Health 15, 97 (1967).
West, I., and T. H. Milby: Public health problems arising from the use of pesticides. Residue Reviews 11, 141 (1965).
Wheatley, G. H., and J. A. Hardman: Indication of the presence of organo- chlorine insecticides in rainwater in central England. Nature 207, 486 (1965).
Whitacre, D. M., and G. W. Ware: Retention of vaporized lindane by plants and animals. J. Agr. Food Chem. 15, 492 (1967).
W.H.O.: Toxic hazards of pesticides to man. Tech. Rept. 114 (1956).
W.H.O.: Toxic hazards of pesticides to man. Tech. Rept. 227 (1962).
W.H.O.: Information circular on the toxicity of pesticides to man WHO /VBC/
Tox. 705, 8 (1970).
Williams, S.: Pesticide residues in total diet samples. T. Assoc. Official Agr Chemists 47, 5 (1964).
Williams, J., P. A. Mills, and R. E. McDowell: Residues in milk of cows fed rations containing low concentrations of five chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides. J. Assoc. Official Agr. Chemists 47, 1124 (1964).
Winteringham, F. P. W., and J. M. Barnes: Comparative response of insects and mammals to certain halogenated hydrocarbons used as insecticides Physiol. Rev. 35, 701 (1955).
Woodard, G., and E. C. Hagan. Toxieological studies on the isomers and mixtures of isomers of benzene hexaehloride. Fed Proc. 6, 386 (1947).
Woodard, G., B. Davidow, and H. L. Lehman: Metabolism of chlorinated hydro-carbon insecticides. Ind. Eng. Chem., Anal. ed. 40, 711 (1948).
Zeumer, H., and K. Neuhaus: Die Bestimmung von Kontakinsektizieden, Getreide und Mehl. 8, Beilage 2. Wochenschrift Die Muhl, Detmold (1953).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer
About this paper
Cite this paper
Morrison, F.O. (1999). A review of the use and place of lindane in the protection of stored products from the ravages of insect pests. In: Gunther, F.A. (eds) Residue Reviews / Rückstands-Berichte. Residue Reviews, vol 41. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8479-7_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8479-7_5
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-8481-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-8479-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive