Introduction
The family Actinomycetaceae was created by Buchanan in 1918 and was originally used to accommodate many diverse organisms such as members of the genera Actinobacillus, Leptotrichia, Actinomyces and Nocardia. After several revisions, membership of the family was restricted to bacterial species that appeared to be linked taxonomically by the following phenotypic characteristics: ability to produce Gram-positive, branching and, later on, fragmenting filaments without aerial hyphae and spores; comparatively exacting nutritional requirements; facultatively anaerobic (capnophilic) to anaerobic growth; and fermentative carbohydrate metabolism (Slack, 1974; Slack and Gerencser, 1975).
Taking into account these common characters, the family Actinomycetaceae was thought to include the genera Actinomyces, Arachnia, Bifidobacterium, Bacterionema and Rothia (Slack, 1974). However, the validity of this family concept was increasingly questioned after modern and more relevant taxonomic...
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Schaal, K.P., Yassin, A.F., Stackebrandt, E. (2006). The Family Actinomycetaceae: The Genera Actinomyces, Actinobaculum, Arcanobacterium, Varibaculum, and Mobiluncus. In: Dworkin, M., Falkow, S., Rosenberg, E., Schleifer, KH., Stackebrandt, E. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-30743-5_21
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