Regular ArticleA Toxicokinetic Model for Predicting the Tissue Distribution and Elimination of Organic and Inorganic Mercury Following Exposure to Methyl Mercury in Animals and Humans. I. Development and Validation of the Model Using Experimental Data in Rats
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2019, Science of the Total EnvironmentCitation Excerpt :Low molecular weight, thiol-containing molecule – HgII complexes are thought to be transported into target cells, where some HgII binds to proteins such as metallothionein and glutathione, resulting in HgII accumulation in target tissues such as the kidney (Bridges and Zalups, 2010). The highest total Hg concentrations are typically found in the liver of mature marine mammals (Arai et al., 2004; Frodello et al., 2000; Woshner et al., 2002) and the kidney of terrestrial mammals (Carrier et al., 2001b; Dietz et al., 2013; Young et al., 2001). Nephrotoxicity is an endpoint of relevance to apex predators in aquatic ecosystems, for example, mature polar bear kidney total Hg concentrations have been observed that exceed the established toxicity threshold for terrestrial mammals of 30 μg g−1 w.w. (Dietz et al., 2013; Sonne et al., 2007).