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Hox gene duplication in fish

https://doi.org/10.1006/scdb.1999.0334Get rights and content

Abstract

The study of Hox gene clusters continues to serve as a paradigm for those interested in vertebrate genome evolution. Recent exciting discoveries about Hox gene composition in fishes challenges conventional views about vertebrate Hox gene evolution, and has initiated lively debates concerning the evolutionary events marking the divergence of the major vertebrate lineages. Comparative analyses indicate that Hox cluster duplications occurred in early vertebrate evolution, and again within the order Cypriniformes of teleost fish. Loss of Hox genes was more widespread than duplication during fish evolution.

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      All gnathostomes investigated so far with the exception of higher teleosts have four Hox clusters that are homologous and most likely derived by duplication from the single amphioxus Hox cluster (Holland and Garcia-Fernandez, 1996; Koh et al., 2003; Prohaska et al., 2004b). The higher teleosts underwent an additional duplication of the four gnathostome clusters (Amores et al., 1998, 2004; Chiu et al., 2002; Málaga-Trillo and Meyer, 2001; Prohaska et al., 2004a; Stellwag, 1999). Lampreys have three to four clusters that have no clear homology to either individual or pairs of gnathostome clusters (Force et al., 2002; Fried et al., 2003; Irvine et al., 2002; Pendleton et al., 1993; Sharman and Holland, 1998).

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