Regular ArticleHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat Protein Impairs Selenoglutathione Peroxidase Expression and Activity by a Mechanism Independent of Cellular Selenium Uptake: Consequences on Cellular Resistance to UV-A Radiation
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Immunoneuropathogenesis of HIV-1 clades B and C: Role of redox expression and thiol modification
2014, Free Radical Biology and MedicineCitation Excerpt :In IDCs treated with clade B Tat, the GSH/GSSG ratio was markedly decreased compared with cells treated with clade C Tat (Fig. 5). Previous reports have indicated that HIV infection and HIV Tat protein downregulate glutathione synthesis as evidenced by γ-GCS [51,52] and decreased GPx mRNA [32,53], Mn-SOD [44,54], and catalase levels [55]. Our results demonstrated a significant increase in clade B-induced oxidative stress, which inhibited transcription of redox genes and protein modification (Fig. 6).
Selenium blocks porcine circovirus type 2 replication promotion induced by oxidative stress by improving GPx1 expression
2012, Free Radical Biology and MedicineCitation Excerpt :Other research demonstrated that GPx might be inactivated through oxidation by either free radicals or lipid peroxides generated during oxidative stress [51–53]. In addition, it has also been reported that viral proteins such as Tat may compete for binding of specific proteins’ selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) [54] and so can interfere with selenoprotein synthesis. However, further studies are still required to understand the complex interaction between PCV2 infection and GPx1.
HIV-1, reactive oxygen species, and vascular complications
2012, Free Radical Biology and MedicineCitation Excerpt :In addition, in vivo studies demonstrate that the intravenous injection of Tat protein decreases mouse brain GSH levels by 85% [87]. Tat is also shown to affect other cellular antioxidant enzymes, as Tat overexpression in HeLa cells results in a 3-fold reduction in the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) mRNA ratio as well as a 2.5-fold decrease in GPx activity [88]. Moreover, HeLa cells stably producing the Tat protein express 48% less SOD2 compared to control cells [80,89], which may be caused by Tat-induced disruption of Sp1 and Sp3 binding in the SOD2 basal promoter [90].
HIV-1 Tat increases oxidant burden in the lungs of transgenic mice
2011, Free Radical Biology and MedicinePreventing HIV-1 tat-induced neuronal apoptosis using antioxidant enzymes: Mechanistic and therapeutic implications
2007, VirologyCitation Excerpt :The mechanism underlying this observation is unclear. In a slightly different cell system, Tat was shown to reduce GPx transcripts (Richard et al., 2001; Price et al., 2005). The effects of Tat on SOD1 are unexpected, however.
Age-dependent DNA repair and cell cycle distribution of human skin fibroblasts in response to UVA irradiation
2006, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology
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