Pharmaceutics, Drug Delivery and Pharmaceutical TechnologyThe Biopolymer Bacterial Nanocellulose as Drug Delivery System: Investigation of Drug Loading and Release using the Model Protein Albumin
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INTRODUCTION
Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), a highly biocompatible material, is produced by strains of Gluconacetobacter xylinus, a Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium forming BNC in static culture on the surface of the culture medium as a white, gelatinous material in form of a hydrogel.1 In terms of the molecular formula, BNC is identical to plant cellulose. However, the bacterially synthesized nanocellulose is of special interest because of its unique structure and properties generating a supramolecular,
Preparation and Characterization of BNC
Bacterial nanocellulose has been prepared by static cultivation of G. xylinus strain DSM 14666 from the German Collection of Microorganism and Cell Cultures (Braunschweig, Germany). Bacteria were cultivated in an established culture medium proposed by Hestrin and Schramm consisting of 20 g anhydrous d-glucose (Sigma–Aldrich, Munich, Germany), 5 g bacto yeast extract (Difco Laboratories Inc., Sparks, Nevada), 5 g bacto peptone (Difco Laboratories Inc.), 3.4 g disodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate
Preparation and Characterization of BNC Hydrogels
Bacterial nanocellulose samples were produced by G. xylinus under static cultivation conditions in 24-well plates. A white gelatinous material in form of mechanically stable hydrogel pellicles was formed at the interface between air and culture medium. These pellicles were harvested and purified as described above. The morphological, mechanical, and physicochemical properties of the nanocellulose samples were extensively characterized and published before.30 Two different types of BNC samples
CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK
Hydrogels have generated much interest for controlled protein release because they have many unique properties that make them advantageous for protein applications.51 Compared with other traditional hydrogels, BNC offers many advantages. Beneath the features already discussed above, as a natural material it is renewable and is generated in nearly a one-step biotechnological process at moderate process conditions, free of organic solvents in its native, never-dried and highly purified state
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Funding of this study by the Thuringian Ministry of Education, Science and Culture as well as the European Fund for Regional Development (B714-10032) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank Constanze Herrmann for her support with the first experiments. Additionally, the authors would like to thank Ramona Brabetz and Elena Pfaff for the excellent technical assistance.
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