Skip to main content
Log in

eBay in the Economic Literature: Analysis of an Auction Marketplace

  • Published:
Review of Industrial Organization Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This survey brings together theoretical and empirical questions that have been addressed in the economic literature on eBay, focusing on understanding the behavior of buyers and sellers. We discuss several puzzles of bidder behavior and the explanations that have been put forward by the literature for each. We then discuss structural estimates of bidder behavior and measuring the consumer surplus derived from eBay. We then try to understand why there are so many selling formats being used simultaneously, and then focus on the critical decision variables for a seller in an eBay English auction. Finally we analyze how trustworthy eBay sellers are on average, and whether the feedback system provides strong incentives for good behavior.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abadie A., Angrist J., Imbens G. (2002) Instrumental variables estimates of the effects of subsidized training on the quantiles of trainee earnings. Econometrica 70: 91–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adams C. P. (2007) Estimating demand from eBay prices. International Journal of Industrial Organization 25: 1213–1232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, S. T., Friedman, D., Milam, G. H., & Singh, N. (2004). Buy it now: A hybrid internet market institution. UC Santa Cruz economics, working paper no. 565. Retrieved from SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=533182.

  • Andrews T., Benzing C. (2007) The determinants of price in internet auctions of used cars. Atlantic Economic Journal 35: 43–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anwar S., McMillan R., Zheng M. (2006) Bidding behavior in competing auctions: Evidence from eBay. European Economic Review 50(2): 307–322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ariely D., Ockenfels A., Roth A. E. (2005) An experimental analysis of ending rules in internet auctions. RAND Journal of Economics 36(4): 891–908

    Google Scholar 

  • Ariely D., Simonson I. (2003) Buying, bidding, playing, or competing? Value assessment and decision dynamics. Journal of Consumer Psychology 13(1&2): 113–123

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnold B. C., Balakrishnan N., Nagaraja H. N. (1992) A first course in order statistics. Wiley-Interscience, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashenfelter O. (1989) How auctions work for wine and art. Journal of Economic Perspectives 3(3): 23–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Athey S., Haile P. (2007) Nonparametric approaches to auctions. In: Heckman J., Leamer E. (eds) Handbook of econometrics. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 3847–3965

    Google Scholar 

  • Avery C. (1998) Strategic jump bidding in english auctions. Review of Economic Studies 65: 185–210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bajari P., Hortaçsu A. (2003a) Winner’s curse, reserve prices and endogenous entry: Empirical insights from eBay auctions. Rand Journal of Economics 2: 329–355

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bajari P., Hortaçsu A. (2003b) Cyberspace auctions and pricing issues, a review of empirical findings. In: Jones D. (eds) New economy handbook. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp 163–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajari P., Hortaçsu A. (2004) Economic insights from internet auctions. Journal of Economic Literature 42: 457–486

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balakrishnan N., Rao C. (1998) Handbook of statistics, vol 16. Order statistics: Theory and methods. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Bapna R., Jank W., Shmueli G. (2008) Consumer surplus in online auctions. Information Systems Research 19(4): 400–416

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bierens, H. J., & Song, H. (2008). Semi-nonparametric estimation of independently and identically repeated first-price auctions via an integrated simulated moments method. Retrieved from Pennsylvania State University: Department of Economics. Web site: http://econ.la.psu.edu/~hbierens/AUCTIONS_IID.PDF.

  • Bose S., Daripa A. (2009) Optimal sale across venues and auctions with a buy-now option. Economic Theory 38: 137–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brendstrup B., Paarsch H. J. (2006) Identification and estimation in sequential, asymmetric, english auctions. Journal of Econometrics 134: 69–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bremzen, A., (2004). Bargain or post the price? Retrieved from new economic school. Web site: http://www.nes.ru/~abremzen/english/papers.html.

  • Brisset, K., & Naegelen, F. (2006). Why the reserve price should not be kept secret. B.E. Press: Topics in Theoretical Economics, 6(1), Article 5.

  • Bülbül T. S. (2010). A survey of Econometric Methods in Online Auctions. Mimeo.

  • Cabral L., Hortaçsu A. (2010) The dynamics of seller reputation: Theory and evidence from eBay. Journal of Industrial Economics 58: 54–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chakraborty I., Kosmopoulou G. (2004) Auctions with shill bidding. Economic Theory 24(2): 271–287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen A. (2002) The perfect store: Inside eBay. Little, Brown and Company, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Coppejans M., Gallant A. R. (2002) Cross-validated SNP density estimates. Journal of Econometrics 110: 27–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dewally, M., & Ederington, L. (2002). Reputation, certification, warranties, and information as remedies for seller-buyer information asymmetries: Lessons from the on-line comic book market. Retrieved from University of Oklahoma Price College of Business. Web site: http://faculty-staff.ou.edu/E/Louis.H.Ederington-1/.

  • Dewally, M., & Ederington, L. (2004). What attracts bidders to online auctions and what is their incremental price impact? Retrieved from SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=589861.

  • Dewan S., Hsu V. (2004) Adverse selection in electronic markets: Evidence from online stamp auctions. The Journal of Industrial Economics 52: 497–516

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diekmann F., Roe B. E., Batte M. T. (2008) Tractors on eBay: Differences between internet and in-person auctions. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 90(2): 306–320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donald S. G., Paarsch H. J. (1993) Piecewise pseudo-maximum likelihood estimation in empirical models of auctions. International Economic Review 34(1): 121–148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eaton, D. H. (2007). The impact of reputation timing and source on auction outcomes. The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 7(1), Article 33.

  • Ely J. C., Hossain T. (2009) Sniping and squatting in auction markets. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 1(2): 68–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Engelberg J., Williams J. (2009) eBay’s proxy bidding: A license to shill. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 72(1): 509–526

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Engelbrecht-Wiggans R. (1987) On optimal reservation prices in auctions. Management Science 33(6): 763–770

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Etzion H., Pinker E., Seidmann A. (2006) Analyzing the simultaneous use of auctions and posted prices for on-line selling. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 8: 68–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fenton V. M., Gallant A. R. (1996) Convergence rates of SNP density estimators. Econometrica 64: 719–727

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallant A. R., Nychka D. W. (1987) Semi-nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation. Econometrica 55: 363–390

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallien J., Gupta S. (2007) Temporary and permanent buyout prices in online auctions. Management Science 53: 814–833

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garratt, R., Walker, M., & Wooders, J. (2004). Behavior in second-price auctions by highly experienced eBay buyers and sellers. UC Santa Barbara: Department of Economics, UCSB. Retrieved from:http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7s72r56p.

  • Giray, T., Hasker, K., & Sickles, R. (2010). Estimating consumer surplus in eBay computer monitor auctions with parametric distributions. Retrieved from Bilkent University Economics Department. Web site: http://www.bilkent.edu.tr/~hasker/Research/giray-hasker-jiang-sickles-09-07-17.pdf.

  • Gonzalez R., Hasker K., Sickles R. (2009) An analysis of strategic behavior in eBay auctions. Singapore Economic Review 54(2): 1–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, S., & Reiley, D. (2004). Measuring the benefits to sniping on eBay: Evidence from a field experiment. Working paper. University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://econ.arizona.edu/faculty/workingpapers.asp#2007.

  • Haile, P., & Tamer E. (2000). Inference with an incomplete model of english auctions. University of Wisconsin, SSRI working paper no. 2018. Retrieved from http://ssrn.com/abstract=241133 or doi:10.2139/ssrn.241133.

  • Haile P., Tamer E. (2003) Inference with an incomplete model of english auctions. Journal of Political Economy 111(1): 1–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris M., Raviv A. (1981) A theory of monopoly pricing schemes with demand uncertainty. American Economic Review 71: 347–365

    Google Scholar 

  • Hasker, K., Jiang, B., & Sickles, R. (2010). Estimating consumer surplus in eBay computer monitor auctions. Working Paper.

  • Häubl G., Popkowski Leszczyc P. T. L. (2003) Minimum prices and product valuations in auctions. Marketing Science Institute Reports 3(03-117): 115–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendricks, K., Onur, I., & Wiseman, T. (2005). Preemption and delay in eBay auctions. Working paper.

  • Hendricks K., Porter R. H., Boudreau B. (1987) Information, returns, and bidding behavior in OCS auctions: 1954–1969. Journal of Industrial Economics 35(4): 517–542

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hidvégi Z., Wang W., Whinston A. B. (2006) Buy-price english auction. Journal of Economic Theory 129(1): 31–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hong, H., & Nekipelov, D. (2009). Efficient local IV estimation of an empirical auction model, mimeo.

  • Hoppe, T., & Sadrieh, A. (2006). An experimental assessment of confederate reserve price bids in online auctions. FEMM working papers 07011, otto-von-guericke University Magdeburg, Faculty of Economics and Management. Retrieved from http://www.ww.uni-magdeburg.de/fwwdeka/femm/a2007_Dateien/2007_11.pdf.

  • Horstmann I. J., Lacasse J. (1997) Secret reserve prices in a bidding model with a resale option. American Economic Review 87: 663–684

    Google Scholar 

  • Hossain T. (2008) Learning by bidding. RAND Journal of Economics 39(2): 509–529

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hossain, T., & Morgan, J. (2006). ...Plus shipping and handling: revenue (Non) equivalence in field experiments on eBay. B.E. Press: Advances in Economic Analysis & Policy, 6(2), Article 3.

  • Houser D., Wooders J. (2006) Reputation in auctions: Theory and evidence from eBay. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy 15: 353–369

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jin G. Z., Kato A. (2006) Price, quality and reputation: Evidence from an online field experiment. RAND Journal of Economics 37: 983–1004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jin G. Z., Kato A. (2007) Dividing online and offline: A case study. Review of Economic Studies 74: 981–1004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katkar, R., & Reiley, D. H. (2006). Public versus secret reserve prices in eBay auctions: Results from a pokémon field experiment. Advances in Economic Analysis and Policy, 6(2), Article 7.

  • Kazumori E., McMillan J. (2005) Selling online versus live. Journal of Industrial Economics 53: 543–569

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kultti K. (1999) Equivalence of auctions and posted prices. Games and Economic Behavior 27: 106–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laffont J. J., Ossard H., Vuong Q. (1995) Econometrics of first-price auctions. Econometrica 63: 953–980

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, H., & Malmendier, U. (2007). The bidder’s curse. NBER working paper no. 13699. Retrieved from http://www.nber.org/papers/w13699.pdf.

  • Levin D., Smith J. L. (1994) Equilibrium in auctions with entry. American Economic Review 54: 585–599

    Google Scholar 

  • Livingston J. A. (2005) How valuable is a good reputation? A sample selection model of internet auctions. The Review of Economics and Statistics 87(3): 453–465

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lucking-Reiley D. (2000) Auctions on the internet, what’s being auctioned, and how?. The Journal of Industrial Economics 48: 227–252

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucking-Reiley D., Bryan D., Prasad N., Reeves D. (2007) Pennies from eBay: The determinants of price in online auctions. The Journal of Industrial Economics 55: 223–233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mathews T. (2004) The impact of discounting on an auction with a buyout option: A theoretical analysis motivated by eBay’s buy-it-now feature. Journal of Economics (Zeitschrift fur Nationalokonomie) 81(1): 25–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mathews T., Katzman B. (2006) The role of varying risk attitudes in an auction with a buyout option. Economic Theory 27: 597–613

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McAfee R. P. (1993) Mechanism design by competing sellers. Econometrica 61: 1281–1312

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McAfee R. P., McMillan J. (1988) Search mechanisms. Journal of Economic Theory 44: 99–123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meilijson I. (1981) Estimation of the lifetime distribution of the parts from autopsy statistics of the machine. Journal of Applied Probability 18: 829–838

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milgrom P. R., Weber R. J. (1982) A theory of auctions and competitive bidding. Econometrica 50(5): 1089–1122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moreno, D., & Wooders, J. (2008). Auctions with heterogenous entry costs. University of Arizona, working paper 08-05.

  • Myerson R. B. (1981) Optimal auction design. Mathematics of Operations Research 6: 58–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nekipelov, D. (2007). Entry deterrence and learning prevention on eBay. Dissertation, Duke University. Retrieved from http://www.cemfi.es/REStour/Nekipelov.pdf.

  • Ockenfels A., Roth A. E. (2006) Late and multiple bidding in second price internet auctions: Theory and evidence concerning different rules for ending an auction. Games and Economic Behavior 55: 297–320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ockenfels A., Reiley D., Sadrieh A. (2006) Online auctions. In: Hendershott T. J. (eds) Handbooks in information systems I, handbook on economics and information systems. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, pp 571–628

    Google Scholar 

  • Paarsch H. J. (1992) Deciding between the common and private value paradigms in empirical models of auctions. The Econometrics Journal 51: 191–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peters M., Severinov S. (2006) Internet auctions with many traders. Journal of Economic Theory 130: 220–245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rama, K., & Reiley, D. H. (2006). Public versus secret reserve prices in eBay auctions: results from a pokemon field experiment. Advances in Economic Analysis & Policy, 6(2), Article 7.

  • Resnick, P., & Zeckhauser, R. (2002). Trust among strangers in internet transactions: Empirical analysis of eBay’s reputation system. In M. R. Baye (Ed.), In the economics of the internet and e-commerce, volume 11 of advances in applied microeconomics (pp. 127–157). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Resnick P., Zeckhauser R., Swanson J., Lockwood K. (2006) The value of reputation on eBay: A controlled experiment. Experimental Economics 9: 79–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds S. S., Wooders J. (2009) Auctions with a buy price. Economic Theory 38(1): 9–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riefa C. (2008) To be or not to be an auctioneer? Some thoughts on the legal nature of online eBay auctions and the protection of consumers. Journal of Consumer Policy 31: 167–194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riley J. G., Samuelson W. (1981) Optimal auctions. The American Economic Review 71(3): 381–392

    Google Scholar 

  • Riley J. G., Zeckhauser R. (1983) Optimal selling strategies: When to haggle, when to hold firm. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 98: 267–289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenkranz S., Schmitz P. W. (2007) Reserve prices in auctions as reference points. The Economic Journal 117: 637–653

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roth A. E., Ockenfels A. (2002) Last-minute bidding and the rules for ending second-price auctions: Evidence from eBay and Amazon auctions on the internet. American Economic Review 92(4): 1093–1103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sailer, K. (2006). Searching the eBay marketplace. CESifo working paper no. 1848. Retrieved from http://www.ifo.de/pls/guestci/download/CESifo+Working+Papers+2006/CESifo+Working+Papers+November+2006/cesifo1_wp1848.pdf

  • Samuelson W. F. (1985) Competitive bidding with entry costs. Economics Letters 17: 53–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shahriar, Q. (2008). Common value auctions with buy prices. San Diego State University, working paper, 08-02. Retrieved from http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~econ/f_papers.htm.

  • Shahriar, Q., & Wooders, J. (2007). An experimental study of auctions with a buy price under private and common values. University of Arizona, working paper, 07-19. Retrieved from http://econ.arizona.edu/faculty/workingpapers.asp.

  • Sinha A. R., Greenleaf E. A. (2000) The impact of discrete bidding and bidder aggressiveness on sellers’ strategies in open english auctions: Reserves and covert shilling. Marketing Science 19(3): 244–265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Song, U. (2004). Nonparametric estimation of an eBay auction model with an unknown number of bidders. Working paper. Retrieved from The University of British Columbia, Department of Economics. Web site: http://faculty.arts.ubc.ca/usong/.

  • Standifird S., Roelofs M., Durham Y. (2004) eBay’s “buy-it-now” function and the impact on bidder behavior. International Journal of Electronic Commerce 9(2): 167–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Standifird S., Weinstein M. (2007) The transaction cost economics of market-based exchange: The impact of reputation and external verification agencies. International Journal of the Economics of Business 13(3): 409–431

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stryszowska, M. (2005). Late and multiple bidding in simultaneous and overlapping second price internet auctions. CentER discussion paper.

  • Tung, Y. A., Gopal, R. D., & Whinston, A. B. (2003). Multiple online auctions. IEEE computer, 88–90.

  • Vickrey W. (1961) Counterspeculation, auctions and competitive sealed tenders. Journal of Finance 16: 8–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vincent D. R. (1995) Bidding off the wall: Why reserve prices may be kept secret. Journal of Economic Theory 65(2): 575–584

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang R. (1993) Auctions versus posted-price selling. The American Economic Review 83: 838–851

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox R. T. (2000) Experts and amateurs: The role of experience in internet auctions. Marketing Letters 11(4): 363–374

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson R. (1977) A bidding model of perfect competition. The Review of Economic Studies 44: 511–518

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wintr L. (2008) Some evidence on late bidding in eBay auctions. Economic Inquiry 46(3): 369–379

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yin, P. L. (2006). Information dispersion and auction prices. Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research. Working paper no. 02-024. Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=690201.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Robin Sickles.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hasker, K., Sickles, R. eBay in the Economic Literature: Analysis of an Auction Marketplace. Rev Ind Organ 37, 3–42 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11151-010-9257-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11151-010-9257-5

Keywords

Navigation