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Repeated isolation of virulent Newcastle disease viruses of sub-genotype VIId from backyard chickens in Bulgaria and Ukraine between 2002 and 2013

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Abstract

Here, we report the circulation of highly related virulent Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) in Bulgaria and Ukraine from 2002 until 2013. All of these NDV isolates have the same virulence-associated cleavage site (“113RQKR↓F117”), and selected ones have intracerebral pathogenicity index values ranging from 1.61 to 1.96. These isolates are most closely related to viruses circulating in Eastern Europe, followed by viruses isolated in Asia during the same period of time. Interestingly, the majority of the viruses were isolated from backyard poultry, suggesting the possibility of a “domestic” or “urban” cycle of maintenance. The molecular characterization of the nucleotide sequence of the complete fusion protein gene of the studied viruses suggests continued circulation of virulent NDV of sub-genotype VIId in Eastern Europe, with occasional introductions from Asia. Furthermore, the high level of genetic similarity among those isolates suggests that the NDV isolates of sub-genotype VIId from Bulgaria and Ukraine may have been part of a broader epizootic process in Eastern Europe rather than separate introductions from Asia or Africa. The continuous monitoring of backyard poultry flocks for the presence of circulating virulent NDV strains will allow early identification of Newcastle disease outbreaks.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, BAA project FRCALL12-6-3412-0005, and by the USDA, ARS CRIS Project 6040-32000-064. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. This manuscript was improved by comments from an editor and an anonymous reviewer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA

    Kiril M. Dimitrov, Iryna V. Goraichuk, Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood, Patti J. Miller & Claudio L. Afonso

  2. National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medicine Institute, 15 Pencho Slaveikov blvd., 1606, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Kiril M. Dimitrov & Gabriela V. Goujgoulova

  3. National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, 83 Pushkinskaya Street, Kharkiv, 61023, Ukraine

    Vitaliy Bolotin, Denys Muzyka, Iryna V. Goraichuk, Olexii Solodiankin, Anton Gerilovych & Borys Stegniy

  4. State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology ‘VECTOR’, Novosibirsk Region, Koltsovo, 630559, Russia

    Nikita Y. Silko

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  1. Kiril M. Dimitrov
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  2. Vitaliy Bolotin
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Correspondence to Claudio L. Afonso.

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Dimitrov, K.M., Bolotin, V., Muzyka, D. et al. Repeated isolation of virulent Newcastle disease viruses of sub-genotype VIId from backyard chickens in Bulgaria and Ukraine between 2002 and 2013. Arch Virol 161, 3345–3353 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-016-3033-2

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