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Landscape epidemiology of bean pod mottle comovirus: molecular evidence of heterogeneous sources

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Abstract

Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) RNAs are grouped into subgroups (sgI and sgII). A BPMV partial diploid reassortant (IA-Di1) from the perennial Desmodium illinoense contained both RNA1 subgroups and an RNA1 recombinant. The RNA2 of IA-Di1 was characteristic of sgII. Additionally, ten BPMV isolates from a soybean field adjacent to the locality of IA-Di1 shared >98.5% nucleotide identity with RNA1 sgII of IA-Di1. The data demonstrate the co-existence of two differing consensus BPMV RNA1 subgroups in adjacent habitats and illustrate variation in virus genetic structure that can occur in a contiguous plant community.

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Acknowledgments

We thank R. O. Pope for locating and identifying the native plant species used in this study. We thank R. Pringnitz and Hertz Farm Management Inc. (Nevada, IA) for access to their property. We thank A. L. Eggenberger for insight and suggestions. This research was funded in part by the Iowa Soybean Association, the United Soybean Board, and the North Central Soybean Research Program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, Panhandle Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Scottsbluff, NE , 69361, USA

    Jeffrey D. Bradshaw

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA , 50011, USA

    Chunquan Zhang & John H. Hill

  3. Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc, Johnston, IA , 50131, USA

    Marlin E. Rice

Authors
  1. Jeffrey D. Bradshaw
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  2. Chunquan Zhang
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  3. John H. Hill
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  4. Marlin E. Rice
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chunquan Zhang.

Additional information

J. D. Bradshaw and C. Zhang contributed equally to this work.

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Table S1. Primers for cloning and sequencing bean pod mottle virus. (RTF 38 kb)

705_2011_1005_MOESM2_ESM.rtf

Table S2. Percent nucleotide (above diagonal) and deduced amino acid (below diagonal) sequence identity between different bean pod mottle virus isolates and derived clones of RNA1 (A) and RNA 2 (B). (A) Numerals in parentheses designate the RNA1 subgroup. BPMV isolates used for RNA1 comparison were K-G7 (GenBank accession NC_003496), K-Ha1 (GenBank accession AF394606), K-Ho1 (GenBank accession AF394608), IL-Cb1 (GenBank accession AY744932 and AY744931 for sgI and sgII, respectively), IA-P10 (GenBank accession GQ996948), IA-Di1 (GenBank accession GQ996952 and GQ996951 for sgI and sgII, respectively), the full sequence of infectious clone IA-Di1c (GenBank accession GU562879) and the full sequence of infectious clone IA-Di1r (GenBank accession GQ996953). (B) Numerals in parentheses designate the RNA2 subgroup. BPMV isolates used for RNA2 comparison were K-G7 (GenBank accession NC_003495), K-Ha1 (GenBank accession AF394607), K-Ho1 (GenBank accession AF394609), IL-Cb1 (GenBank accession AY744933), IA-P10 (GenBank accession GQ996947), IA-Di1 (GenBank accession GQ996949) and the full sequence of infectious RNA2 clone IA-Di1c (GenBank accession GU562880). (RTF 82 kb)

705_2011_1005_MOESM3_ESM.ppt

Fig. S1. Multiple alignment of a 70-bp fragment (positions 2782-2851) of the RNA1 helicase region of bean pod mottle virus isolates and clones showing a putative recombinant region (positions 2789-2844) of isolate IA-Di1r. The proportion of conservation among isolates is illustrated by the dark gray bars beneath each column. Numerals in parentheses designate the RNA1 subgroup. (PPT 216 kb)

705_2011_1005_MOESM4_ESM.ppt

Fig. S2. Symptoms on representative soybean plants of (A and B) L78-379, (C and D) Clark L67-3127, and (E and F) Essex (A, C, and E) uninfected or (B, D, and F) mechanically inoculated with isolate IA-Di1 of bean pod mottle virus. Photographs were taken (A and B) 43, (C and D) 32 and (E and F) 52 days after inoculation, showing the first conspicuous appearance of symptoms. (PPT 13611 kb)

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Bradshaw, J.D., Zhang, C., Hill, J.H. et al. Landscape epidemiology of bean pod mottle comovirus: molecular evidence of heterogeneous sources. Arch Virol 156, 1615–1619 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-011-1005-0

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