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Exposure to Anisakis extracts can induce inflammation on in vitro cultured human colonic cells

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Abstract

Anisakis spp. is a parasitic nematode whose infective third-stage larvae may be found within the flesh of fish species commonly consumed by humans. Thorough cooking or freezing should render the fish safe for consumption; furthermore, marinating solutions containing biocidal agents might have a significant action against Anisakis larvae. Some studies suggest a relationship between some parasitic infections and development of inflammatory bowel disorders, and Anisakis infection might be a risk factor for stomach or colon cancer. The aim of our study was to investigate if crude extracts (CEs) obtained from Anisakis larvae marinated in a solution with added allyl isothiocyanate (ACE-AITC) and frozen, or from frozen only Anisakis larvae (ACE), can induce an inflammatory effect on in vitro differentiated colonic Caco-2 cells exposed or not to LPS. Caco-2 exposure to the two CEs induced a marked COX-2 expression and potentiated LPS-induced COX-2 overexpression, confirming that substances present in Anisakis larvae can induce an inflammatory response in the intestinal epithelium, possibly also exacerbating the effects of other inflammatory stimuli. ACE induced a marked decrease in caspase-3 activation, while AITC-ACE increased its activation. However, LPS-induced caspase-3 activation appeared lower in cells treated with ACE and with the lower concentration of AITC-ACE. Thus, it is evident that Anisakis CEs may affect various cell pathways crucial not only in the inflammatory process but also in cell growth and death. Thus, CEs obtained from nonviable Anisakis larvae retain or are otherwise provided with noxious properties able to induce a strong inflammation response in intestinal epithelial cells. Furthermore, their influence may persist also following pretreatment with the biocidal agent AITC, indicating that the harmful substances contained in crude extracts from Anisakis larvae are resistant to the thermal or biocidal agent treatments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy

    Antonio Speciale, Domenico Trombetta, Antonella Saija & Francesco Cimino

  2. Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

    Antonio Panebianco, Filippo Giarratana & Graziella Ziino

  3. School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

    Paola Lucia Minciullo & Sebastiano Gangemi

Authors
  1. Antonio Speciale
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  2. Domenico Trombetta
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  3. Antonella Saija
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  4. Antonio Panebianco
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  5. Filippo Giarratana
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  6. Graziella Ziino
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  7. Paola Lucia Minciullo
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  8. Francesco Cimino
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Correspondence to Francesco Cimino.

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Speciale, A., Trombetta, D., Saija, A. et al. Exposure to Anisakis extracts can induce inflammation on in vitro cultured human colonic cells. Parasitol Res 116, 2471–2477 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-017-5551-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-017-5551-6

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