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Insect diversity associated with quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in three altitudinal production zones of Peru

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Abstract

Quinoa is an Andean grain that is increasingly gaining international attention. In recent years, the crop has also emerged in Peruvian regions at lower altitudes (including the Coast). This study investigated the insect diversity associated with quinoa by collecting insects with pitfall traps throughout the crop phenology in three altitudinal zones of Peru: San Lorenzo, in the traditional production region, Junín; and Majes and La Molina in the non-traditional regions Arequipa and Lima, respectively. Our data revealed that the alpha diversity (in terms of species evenness and species richness) was highest in the Andean zone, San Lorenzo, and lowest in Majes. As to the functional groups (herbivores and natural enemies), no differences between field sites in species evenness were found but San Lorenzo was significantly superior to the other zones in species richness of both functional guilds. The analysis of beta diversity revealed large differences among field sites in terms of entomofauna composition, with few species in common; the key pest of quinoa in South America, Eurysacca melanocampta, was found at the three localities. The results of this study can contribute to a more sustainable pest management system taking into account insect-mediated ecosystem services like biological control.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Daniel Burckardt from Naturhistorisches Museum of Switzerland for confirming the identity of Russelliana solanicola and Heterotrioza chenopodii, Pablo Dellapé from Museum of La Plata in Argentina for confirming the identity of Nysius simulans and Angelico Asenjo from Federal University of Mato Grosso in Brazil for helping in identifying the staphylinids. We also thank the professors from National Agrarian University La Molina in Peru, Luz Gómez, chief of the Cereals and Native Grain programme and Clorinda Vergara, chief of the Museum of Entomology “Klaus Raven Büller”, for the facilities and permits.

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  1. Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru

    Luis Cruces

  2. Department of Plants & Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, St. Pietersnieuwstraat 33, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Luis Cruces & Patrick De Clercq

  3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, St. Pietersnieuwstraat 33, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Eduardo de la Peña

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Cruces, L., de la Peña, E. & De Clercq, P. Insect diversity associated with quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in three altitudinal production zones of Peru. Int J Trop Insect Sci 40, 955–968 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00154-3

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