Abstract
A thermal barrier-coated (TBC) piston-fitted engine is used to form a low heat rejection (LHR) mode, which helps in the enhancement of thermal efficiency by retaining heat energy. Research reports indicate that generally LHR diesel engines run on Jatropha biodiesel and its diesel blends show improved performance and higher oxides of nitrogen (NOx) in comparison with unmodified engines. This work is aimed at reducing nitric oxide (NO) emission in the LHR by using a natural antioxidant to JME20 (20% JME + 80% diesel). For this purpose, a natural antioxidant is extracted from the Pongamia pinnata leaves (PL). The antioxidant is characterized to ensure its antioxidant ability and doped to JME20 in different concentrations, including 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 ppm. The cylinder pressure is reduced by about 5.9% and the heat release rate by 6.9%, for JME20 at a concentration of 2000 ppm in the LHR engine. The delay period and combustion duration are shortened by 23.6% and 7.3%, respectively, at maximum load for JME20 PLA4 in the LHR engine. The brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of the tested fuel is improved by 21.1% at full load for JME20 PLA3. The engine emissions are reduced by 17.5% and 16.3% for unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) and smoke, respectively, at maximum load for JME20 PLA4, in the LHR engine. The nitric oxide (NO) emission is decreased by 16% for JME20 with 2000 ppm at a higher load in the coated engine.
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Abbreviations
- BTE:
-
Brake thermal efficiency
- BSFC:
-
Brake-specific fuel consumption
- CO:
-
Carbon monoxide
- CeO2 :
-
Cerium oxide
- EDS:
-
Energy-dispersive spectroscopy
- EGT:
-
Exhaust gas temperature
- FAME:
-
Fatty acid methyl ester
- FFA:
-
Free fatty acid
- FTIR:
-
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- HC:
-
Hydrocarbon
- HRR:
-
Heat release rate
- JME:
-
Jatropha methyl ester
- JME20:
-
20% JME + 80% diesel
- LHR:
-
Low heat rejection
- NA:
-
Natural antioxidant
- NO:
-
Nitric oxide
- NOx :
-
Oxides of nitrogen
- PLA:
-
Pongamia pinnata leaves antioxidant
- PLP:
-
Pongamia pinnata leaves powder
- PPM:
-
Parts per million
- P max :
-
Maximum cylinder pressure
- SEM:
-
Scanning electron microscope
- TBC:
-
Thermal barrier coating
- XRD:
-
X-ray powder diffraction
- YSZ:
-
Yttria stabilized zirconia
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Pandey, K.K., Murugan, S. Effect of Pongamia pinnata leaves extracted natural antioxidant doped in biodiesel–diesel blend run low heat rejection engine. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 13159–13178 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-04777-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-04777-0