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Large edge magnetism in oxidized few-layer black phosphorus nanomeshes

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Abstract

The formation and control of a room-temperature magnetic order in two-dimensional (2D) materials is a challenging quest for the advent of innovative magnetic- and spintronic-based technologies. To date, edge magnetism in 2D materials has been experimentally observed in hydrogen (H)-terminated graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and graphene nanomeshes (GNMs), but the measured magnetization remains far too small to allow envisioning practical applications. Herein, we report experimental evidences of large room-temperature edge ferromagnetism (FM) obtained from oxygen (O)-terminated zigzag pore edges of few-layer black phosphorus (P) nanomeshes (BPNMs). The magnetization values per unit area are ~100 times larger than those reported for H-terminated GNMs, while the magnetism is absent for H-terminated BPNMs. The magnetization measurements and the first-principles simulations suggest that the origin of such a magnetic order could stem from ferromagnetic spin coupling between edge P with O atoms, resulting in a strong spin localization at the edge valence band, and from uniform oxidation of full pore edges over a large area and interlayer spin interaction. Our findings pave the way for realizing high-efficiency 2D flexible magnetic and spintronic devices without the use of rare magnetic elements.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank J. Akimitsu, K. Horigane, T. Muranaka, Y. K. Fukai, T. Enoki, Y. Otani, S. Murakami, M. Yamamoto, S. Tarucha, T. Ando, A. H. Macdonald, P. Seneor, R. Wiesendanger, M. S. Dresselhaus, P. Herrero, and P. Kim for their technical contributions, fruitful discussions, and encouragements. This work at Aoyama Gakuin was partly supported by a Grantin-aid for Scientific Research (Basic research A: 24241046 and Challenging Exploratory Research: 15K13277) and grant for private University in MEXT and AOARD grant (No. 135049) in U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The work in the University of Tokyo was also supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Area, “Nano Spin Conversion Science” (No. 26103003), and by Grants (Nos. 25247051 and 15K17676). S. R. acknowledges Funding from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Regional Development Fund (No. FIS2015-67767-P (MINECO/FEDER)), the Secretaria de Universidades e Investigación del Departamento de Economía y Conocimiento de la Generalidad de Cataluña, and the Severo Ochoa Program (MINECO, No. SEV-2013-0295).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan

    Yudai Nakanishi, Chika Ohata, Ryo Iwaki, Kyoko Nomura & Junji Haruyama

  2. Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan

    Ayumi Ishi & Miki Hasegawa

  3. Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain

    David Soriano & Stephan Roche

  4. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain

    Stephan Roche

  5. Institute for solid state physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan

    Taketomo Nakamura & Shingo Katsumoto

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  1. Yudai Nakanishi
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  2. Ayumi Ishi
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  9. Shingo Katsumoto
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  10. Stephan Roche
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Correspondence to Junji Haruyama.

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Nakanishi, Y., Ishi, A., Ohata, C. et al. Large edge magnetism in oxidized few-layer black phosphorus nanomeshes. Nano Res. 10, 718–728 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-016-1355-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-016-1355-8

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