(n-3) Fatty Acids Alleviate Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Insulin Resistance: Mechanistic Insights
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Abbreviations used
AA
arachidonic acid
ALA
α-linolenic acid
AMPK
AMP-activated protein kinase
ATM
adipose tissue macrophage
Ccr
C-C motif chemokine receptor
CD
cluster of differentiation
ECM
extracellular matrix
ER
endoplasmic reticulum
GPR
G protein–coupled receptor
IRS
insulin receptor substrate
JNK
jun N-terminal kinase
LA
linoleic acid
M1
classically activated macrophage
M2
alternatively activated macrophage
MCP
monocyte chemotactic protein
MGL
macrophage galactose N-acetyl-galactosamine specific lectin
PAI
plasminogen activator inhibitor
PI3K
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
PSGL
P-selectin glycoprotein ligand
SOCS
suppressor of cytokine signaling
TAK
TGF-βactivated kinase
Th
helper T cell
TLR
Toll-like receptor
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Supported by a National Institute of Food and Agriculture-National Research Initiative award (2005-35200-15224), an AHA Southeast Affiliate Predoctoral Fellowship, the University of Tennessee (UT) Obesity Research Center, UT AgResearch, and UT Extension.
Author disclosures: N. S. Kalupahana, K. J. Claycombe, and N. Moustaid-Moussa, no conflicts of interest.
© 2011 American Society for Nutrition