Figure 1

(a) Magnetization loops of $\mathrm{Py}/\mathrm{YMO}/\mathrm{Pt}$, measured at 2 K, after cooling the sample from 300 K in 3 kOe field, under various biasing-voltage ($V_e$) values. The circle and arrow illustrate schematically the expected change of magnetization when biasing the sample by an electric field. Inset: temperature dependence of the magnetization at $H=-100\mathrm{Oe}$ and $V_e=0$, when heating the sample from 2 K to 25 K (top panel) and subsequent cooling-heating-cooling cycles between 25 K to 2 K (bottom panel). (b) Dependence of the magnetization on $V_e$ measured at 2 K in $-100\mathrm{Oe}$ field after cooling the sample from 300 K in 3 kOe field. Insets: left—zoom of the $+1.2\mathrm{V}$ to $-1.2\mathrm{V}$ to 0 V portions of the bias excursion; right—sketch of the sample structure and electric biasing.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 2

AMR of the Py film at different temperatures. Measurements were done in magnetic field of 40 Oe, after field cooling (3 kOe). Similar behavior is observed either just after field cooling from $T>100\mathrm{K}$ down to the cited temperatures or at successive heating (after field cooling down to 2 K) to selected temperatures in the measuring magnetic field.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 3

Top panel: AMR of the Py film when biasing the $\mathrm{Py}/\mathrm{YMO}/\mathrm{Pt}$ sandwich by an electric field. Measurements were done at 5 K in magnetic field of 50 Oe, after field cooling (3 kOe) and applying $V_e=0$, 1.2, and 1.8 V bias voltages. Bottom panels: Scheme of the uniaxial in-plane magnetic anisotropy for small (a) and large (b) electric bias field. Pinning of $\mathbf{M}$ around ${\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{e}\mathbf{b}}$ is illustrated by the small dashed arrow in (a). Solid lines qualitatively indicate the in-plane anisotropy energy due to ${\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{e}\mathbf{b}}$ field, more relevant in (a) than in (b). The orientation of the $\mathbf{M}$ with respect to the measuring field (${\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{a}}$), the field-cooling direction (${\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{e}\mathbf{b}}$), and the current ($\mathbf{J}$) are displayed. Panels (c) and (d) show the AMR response calculated as described in the text.Reuse & Permissions